Ruminal degradation characteristics of whole maize plant material before and after ensiling in beef cattle as determined in situ using the nylon bag method

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020071

Abstract

Abstract:

The overall aim of this research was to identify suitable varieties of corn to use as feed for cattle in Hebei Province. Therefore， we determined the rumen degradation characteristics in situ， in beef cattle， by the nylon bag method of whole maize plant material before and after ensiling. A 2×3 two-factor experimental design was used， with three varieties of maize： 7367， 7377， and 7387. The nutrient composition and ruminal degradation characteristics of whole maize plant material before and after ensiling were determined using the nylon bag method. The main results were as follows： 1） Before ensiling， the contents of crude protein （CP） and non-protein nitrogen （NPN） were higher in 7377 than in 7367 and 7387 （P<0.05）， and the contents of neutral detergent fiber （NDF） were lower in 7367 and 7377 than in 7387 （P<0.05）. The acid detergent fiber （ADF） content was lower in 7367 than in 7377 and 7387 （P<0.05）. Comparing silage made from each maize variety with the fresh material of the same variety， the contents of CP， ether extract （EE）， crude ash （Ash）， calcium （Ca）， phosphorus （P）， and NPN were increased in silages of all three maize varieties （P<0.05）， while the NDF contents were decreased （P<0.05）. The contents of CP and NPN were higher in 7367 silage than in 7377 silage and 7387 silage （P<0.05）， and the contents of NDF and ADF were lower in 7367 silage and 7377 silage than in 7387 silage （P<0.05）. 2） Before ensiling， the ruminal degradability of dry matter （DM）， CP， NDF， and ADF differed significantly among the three maize varieties. The ruminal degradability of DM and NDF was higher in 7367 than in 7377 and 7387 （P<0.05）. The ruminal degradability of CP was significantly higher in 7377 than in 7367 and 7387 （P<0.05）. Ensilage significantly increased the proportions of rapidly degraded DM， CP， NDF， and ADF in all three maize varieties （P<0.05）. In each maize variety， ensilage increased the proportion of rapidly degraded DM， CP， NDF and ADF （P<0.05） and decreased the slowly degraded proportions of these nutritional factors （P<0.05）. For each maize variety， the ruminal effective digestibility of DM， CP， NDF， and ADF were higher in silage than in fresh whole plant material （P<0.05）. The ruminal degrade ability of DM， CP and NDF and ADF was higher in 7367 silage than in 7377 silage and 7387 silage. The results show that ensilage can preserve the nutrient composition of these three maize varieties， and significantly improve ruminal degradation characteristics of DM， CP， NDF， and ADF. The nutritional status and ruminal degradation characteristics before and after ensilage were better in 7367 than in 7377and 7387. Thus， 7367 is the better variety to grow as feed for cattle in Hebei Province.

Key words: whole-plant corn, nutrient composition, nylon bags method, ruminal degradation characteristics

Tao-tao LIU, Si-wei WANG, Qiu-feng LI, Yu-feng CAO, Kun WANG, Li-juan WANG, Yi-zhao SHEN, Xue-li SUN, Mei-qi ZHANG, Jin-ling YAN, Jian-guo LI, Yan-xia GAO, Mei-mei WANG. Ruminal degradation characteristics of whole maize plant material before and after ensiling in beef cattle as determined in situ using the nylon bag method[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(1): 159-169.

Figures/Tables 6

References 31

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原料 Ingredients	含量Content (%DM)	营养水平Nutrient level	含量Content
玉米秸秆青贮 Whole plant corn	40.00	泌乳净能NE_L（MJ·kg^-1）	6.75
玉米 Corn	42.02	粗蛋白质 Crude protein (%DM)	13.00
豆粕 Soybean meal	3.86	中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (%DM)	38.40
棉粕 Cottonseed meal	3.60	酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%DM)	25.60
干酒糟及其可溶物 Distillers grains with solubles (DDGS)	8.85	钙Calcium (%DM)	0.64
石粉 Limestone	0.44	磷Phosphorus (%DM)	0.38
预混料¹⁾ Premix	0.14
小苏打 NaHCO₃	0.79
食盐 NaCl	0.30
合计 Total	100.00

原料 Ingredients	含量Content (%DM)	营养水平Nutrient level	含量Content
玉米秸秆青贮 Whole plant corn	40.00	泌乳净能NE_L（MJ·kg^-1）	6.75
玉米 Corn	42.02	粗蛋白质 Crude protein (%DM)	13.00
豆粕 Soybean meal	3.86	中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (%DM)	38.40
棉粕 Cottonseed meal	3.60	酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%DM)	25.60
干酒糟及其可溶物 Distillers grains with solubles (DDGS)	8.85	钙Calcium (%DM)	0.64
石粉 Limestone	0.44	磷Phosphorus (%DM)	0.38
预混料¹⁾ Premix	0.14
小苏打 NaHCO₃	0.79
食盐 NaCl	0.30
合计 Total	100.00

项目 Items	处理 Treatments	品种 Varieties			标准误 SEM	双因素分析P值P-value of two-way ANOVA
项目 Items	处理 Treatments	玉米7367 Corn 7367	玉米7377 Corn 7377	玉米7387 Corn 7387	标准误 SEM	处理 Treatments	品种 Varieties	处理×品种 Treatments×varieties
粗蛋白Crude protein (CP)	青贮前Before silage	7.27Ab	8.16Ba	6.61Bc	0.035	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
粗蛋白Crude protein (CP)	青贮后After silage	9.42Aa	9.06Ab	8.55Ac	0.035	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
非蛋白氮 Nonprotein nitrogen (NPN)	青贮前Before silage	21.84Bb	26.84Ba	23.70Bb	0.493	<0.001	0.695	<0.001
非蛋白氮 Nonprotein nitrogen (NPN)	青贮后After silage	48.76Aa	44.13Ac	47.75Ab	0.493	<0.001	0.695	<0.001
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (NDF)	青贮前Before silage	48.14Ab	47.92Ab	49.48Aa	0.473	0.002	<0.001	0.422
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (NDF)	青贮后After silage	43.90Bb	44.31Bb	46.54Ba	0.473	0.002	<0.001	0.422
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (ADF)	青贮前Before silage	23.39Ab	24.71Aa	24.49Aa	0.312	0.001	0.012	0.028
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (ADF)	青贮后After silage	24.09Ab	24.27Ab	25.90Aa	0.312	0.001	0.012	0.028
粗脂肪Ether extract (EE)	青贮前Before silage	2.19Bb	2.24Ba	2.22Bab	0.052	<0.001	0.082	0.012
粗脂肪Ether extract (EE)	青贮后After silage	3.24Aa	2.96Ab	3.11Aa	0.052	<0.001	0.082	0.012
粗灰分Crude ash (Ash)	青贮前Before silage	3.82Bb	4.16Ba	4.18Ba	0.025	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
粗灰分Crude ash (Ash)	青贮后After silage	5.50Ab	5.41Ac	6.04Aa	0.025	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
钙Calcium (Ca)	青贮前Before silage	0.28Ba	0.29Ba	0.28Ba	0.003	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
钙Calcium (Ca)	青贮后After silage	0.36Ac	0.38Ab	0.45Aa	0.003	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
磷Phosphorus (P)	青贮前Before silage	0.15Bb	0.17Ba	0.17Ba	0.002	<0.001	<0.001	0.088
磷Phosphorus (P)	青贮后After silage	0.19Ab	0.20Ab	0.21Aa	0.002	<0.001	<0.001	0.088

项目 Items	处理 Treatments	品种 Varieties			标准误 SEM	双因素分析P值P-value of two-way ANOVA
项目 Items	处理 Treatments	玉米7367 Corn 7367	玉米7377 Corn 7377	玉米7387 Corn 7387	标准误 SEM	处理 Treatments	品种 Varieties	处理×品种 Treatments×varieties
粗蛋白Crude protein (CP)	青贮前Before silage	7.27Ab	8.16Ba	6.61Bc	0.035	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
粗蛋白Crude protein (CP)	青贮后After silage	9.42Aa	9.06Ab	8.55Ac	0.035	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
非蛋白氮 Nonprotein nitrogen (NPN)	青贮前Before silage	21.84Bb	26.84Ba	23.70Bb	0.493	<0.001	0.695	<0.001
非蛋白氮 Nonprotein nitrogen (NPN)	青贮后After silage	48.76Aa	44.13Ac	47.75Ab	0.493	<0.001	0.695	<0.001
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (NDF)	青贮前Before silage	48.14Ab	47.92Ab	49.48Aa	0.473	0.002	<0.001	0.422
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (NDF)	青贮后After silage	43.90Bb	44.31Bb	46.54Ba	0.473	0.002	<0.001	0.422
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (ADF)	青贮前Before silage	23.39Ab	24.71Aa	24.49Aa	0.312	0.001	0.012	0.028
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (ADF)	青贮后After silage	24.09Ab	24.27Ab	25.90Aa	0.312	0.001	0.012	0.028
粗脂肪Ether extract (EE)	青贮前Before silage	2.19Bb	2.24Ba	2.22Bab	0.052	<0.001	0.082	0.012
粗脂肪Ether extract (EE)	青贮后After silage	3.24Aa	2.96Ab	3.11Aa	0.052	<0.001	0.082	0.012
粗灰分Crude ash (Ash)	青贮前Before silage	3.82Bb	4.16Ba	4.18Ba	0.025	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
粗灰分Crude ash (Ash)	青贮后After silage	5.50Ab	5.41Ac	6.04Aa	0.025	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
钙Calcium (Ca)	青贮前Before silage	0.28Ba	0.29Ba	0.28Ba	0.003	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
钙Calcium (Ca)	青贮后After silage	0.36Ac	0.38Ab	0.45Aa	0.003	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
磷Phosphorus (P)	青贮前Before silage	0.15Bb	0.17Ba	0.17Ba	0.002	<0.001	<0.001	0.088
磷Phosphorus (P)	青贮后After silage	0.19Ab	0.20Ab	0.21Aa	0.002	<0.001	<0.001	0.088

项目 Items	处理 Treatments	品种Varieties			标准误 SEM	双因素分析P值P-value of two-way ANOVA
项目 Items	处理 Treatments	玉米7367 Corn 7367	玉米7377 Corn 7377	玉米7387 Corn 7387	标准误 SEM	处理 Treatments	品种 Varieties	处理×品种 Treatments×varieties
4 h (%)	青贮前Before silage	36.80Ba	36.13Ba	35.26Ba	0.938	<0.001	0.011	0.069
4 h (%)	青贮后After silage	48.50Aa	43.27Ac	44.63Ab	0.938	<0.001	0.011	0.069
8 h (%)	青贮前Before silage	39.14Bb	41.89Ba	39.22Bb	0.857	<0.001	0.074	<0.001
8 h (%)	青贮后After silage	55.25Aa	48.91Ac	52.20Ab	0.857	<0.001	0.074	<0.001
16 h (%)	青贮前Before silage	55.77Ba	54.01Aa	53.26Aa	1.232	0.004	0.024	0.169
16 h (%)	青贮后After silage	61.13Aa	54.85Ac	58.35Ab	1.232	0.004	0.024	0.169
24 h (%)	青贮前Before silage	66.27Aa	64.59Ab	64.34Ab	0.443	<0.001	<0.001	0.003
24 h (%)	青贮后After silage	66.08Aa	60.58Bb	60.49Bb	0.443	<0.001	<0.001	0.003
36 h (%)	青贮前Before silage	72.35Aa	72.19Aa	68.47Ab	1.090	0.269	0.003	0.035
36 h (%)	青贮后After silage	73.01Aa	70.80Ab	71.01Ab	1.090	0.269	0.003	0.035
48 h (%)	青贮前Before silage	77.05Aa	74.68Ab	74.34Ab	1.068	0.540	0.050	0.958
48 h (%)	青贮后After silage	77.66Aa	74.89Aa	75.13Aa	1.068	0.540	0.050	0.958
72 h (%)	青贮前Before silage	81.94Aa	80.85Aab	79.60Ab	0.412	0.131	0.006	0.146
72 h (%)	青贮后After silage	80.68Ba	80.32Aa	79.92Aa	0.412	0.131	0.006	0.146
a (%)	青贮前Before silage	24.40Bb	26.02Ba	24.71Bb	0.965	<0.001	0.145	0.010
a (%)	青贮后After silage	43.93Aa	38.24Ac	41.08Ab	0.965	<0.001	0.145	0.010
b (%)	青贮前Before silage	59.63Aa	56.83Aa	56.97Aa	1.254	<0.001	0.040	0.001
b (%)	青贮后After silage	40.25Bc	49.70Ba	45.00Bb	1.254	<0.001	0.040	0.001
c (%·h^-1)	青贮前Before silage	0.046Aa	0.044Aa	0.044Aa	0.000	<0.001	<0.001	0.005
c (%·h^-1)	青贮后After silage	0.035Ba	0.027Bb	0.028Bb	0.000	<0.001	<0.001	0.005
ED (%)	青贮前Before silage	63.04Ba	62.26Ab	60.99Bc	0.482	<0.001	0.001	0.048
ED (%)	青贮后After silage	67.49Aa	64.16Ab	64.97Ab	0.482	<0.001	0.001	0.048