Effects of fencing enclosure on interspecific associations in a Savanna grassland community in China’s arid-hot valley region

doi:10.11686/cyxb2022080

Abstract

Abstract:

This research studied the effects of fencing enclosure on interspecific associations in a Savanna grassland plant community. Fencing enclosure and disturbed areas were set up and maintained for 20 years to facilitate investigation of vegetation and water and soil conservation techniques in the arid-hot valley region surrounding the Jinsha River， and 25 dominant species from the two zones were selected as marker plants to calculate interspecific association indexes using the variance ratio （VR） method， chi-square testing， Jaccard index and Spearman rank correlational methods. Findings included the following. Enclosure resulted in obvious changes in the community composition and structure and nurtured the growth of native herbs such as like Cymlopogon goeringii （Cg）， and promoted the establishment of more lignified species such as Barleria cristata （Bc）， Pistacia weinmanniifolia （Pw）and Gaultheria forrestii （Gf）， while inhibiting annual species， weed species and alien species， resulting in the emergence of a plant community dominated by constructive species. The overall interspecific association of Savanna grassland community in arid-hot valley was mainly positive， and enclosure facilitated the formation of more complex interspecific associations within the plant community. In disturbed areas， a strong positive association between annual species， weed species and alien species was strongly evident and a high resource competition or mutual ecological exclusion was stronger among community species， resulting in a single dominant species community represented by Heteropogon contortus （Hc）. Overall the interspecific relationships in the enclosed area showed a significant positive association， with the formation of a positive association among leguminous species， lignified species and native species， while the positive and negative correlations among dominant species was also strengthened after enclosure. These results suggest that fencing enclosure has a significant effect on the relationship between dominant species in Savanna grassland from the arid-hot valley zone， affecting the species composition and functional group structure of the plant community. The resulting enhancement of the interaction between dominant species appears to be ecologically important.

Key words: interspecific association, interspecies relationship, ecological groups, enclosure

Guang-xiong HE, Zheng-tao SHI, Bang-guo YAN, Hao-zhou YANG, Yi SUN, Yan-dan WANG, Jian-lin YU, Run-lian HE, Liang-tao SHI, Hai-dong FANG. Effects of fencing enclosure on interspecific associations in a Savanna grassland community in China’s arid-hot valley region[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(2): 1-14.

Figures/Tables 7

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物种代号 Species code	物种名 Species name	植物功能群 Functional types	总体 Total		封育区 Enclosed sites		干扰区 Disturbed sites
物种代号 Species code	物种名 Species name	植物功能群 Functional types	物种生物量 BIOsp （g）	重要值 IV	物种生物量 BIOsp （g）	重要值 IV	物种生物量 BIOsp （g）	重要值 IV
Hc	黄茅 Heteropogon contortus	多年生禾草 Perennial grass of Gramineae family	118.74±91.29	43.82	84.42±71.14	28.58	141.99±97.01	55.81
Eb	拟金茅 Eulaliopsis binata	多年生禾草Perennial grass of Gramineae family	70.53±56.93	15.02	79.28±57.64	29.40	41.76±47.15	3.71
Cg	橘草 Cymbopogon goeringii	多年生禾草Perennial grass of Gramineae family	53.06±78.60	10.92	59.74±83.22	23.12	21.00±43.24	1.33
Bp	孔颖草 Bothriochloa pertusa	多年生禾草Perennial grass of Gramineae family	59.00±60.53	4.61	-	-	59.00±60.53	8.23
Al	矛叶荩草 Arthraxon lanceolatus	多年生禾草Perennial grass of Gramineae family	36.86±60.21	4.45	29.49±68.23	3.80	43.42±55.45	4.95
Dv	车桑子 Dodonaea viscosa	多年生无患子科小灌木 Perennial shrub of Sapindaceae family	19.04±18.59	2.97	17.81±16.89	3.44	20.53±21.29	2.60
Tc	短萼灰叶 Tephrosia candida	一年或多年生豆科灌木状草本Annual or perennial shrubby grass of Leguminous family	33.00±39.60	2.58	47.74±78.50	2.31	27.47±18.75	2.79
Tp	羽芒菊 Tridax procumbens	多年生菊科草本，入侵物种Perennial grass of Compositae family， invasive species	13.54±25.84	1.73	0.94±0.13	0.03	15.12±27.08	3.07
Wc	荛花 Wikstroemia canescens	多年生瑞香科灌木Perennial shrub of Thymelaeaceae family	49.24±77.00	1.40	11.72±16.14	0.38	86.77±109.07	2.20
Zp	多花百日菊 Zinnia peruviana	一年生菊科草本，入侵物种Annual grass of Compositae family， invasive species	37.80±79.54	1.34	-	-	37.80±79.54	2.40
Gf	地檀香 Gaultheria forrestii	多年生杜鹃花科半灌木或草本Perennial semi-shrub or grass of the Ericaceae family	41.92±49.41	1.19	41.92±49.41	2.70	-	-
Eh	飞扬草 Euphorbia hirta	一年生大戟科草本Annual grass of Euphorbiaceae family	21.39±48.96	1.06	4.53±7.39	0.22	34.04±65.27	1.73
Zg	丁癸草 Zornia gibbosa	多年生豆科草本 Perennial grass of Leguminous family	13.70±22.11	0.97	0.39±0.00	0.01	15.18±22.92	1.73
Cs	蔓草虫豆 Cajanus scarabaeoides	一年或多年生豆科草质藤本Annual or perennial grass liana of Leguminous family	10.99±17.39	0.94	1.11±0.00	0.02	11.89±17.94	1.66
Tm	蒲公英 Taraxacum mongolicum	多年生菊科草本，杂草类Perennial grass of Compositae family， ruderal species	58.43±66.29	0.83	-	-	58.43±66.29	1.48
Bc	假杜鹃Barleria cristata	多年生爵床科小灌木Perennial shrub of Acanthaceae family	16.17±19.41	0.57	16.17±19.41	1.30	-	-
Pw	清香木 Pistacia weinmanniifolia	多年生漆树科灌木或小乔木Perennial shrub or small tree of Anacardiaceae family	37.16±15.72	0.53	37.16±15.72	1.20	-	-
Lp	臭灵丹 Laggera pterodonta	一年或多年生菊科草本Annual or perennial grass of Compositae family	64.58±0.00	0.46	-	-	64.58±0.00	0.82
Ch	兔耳草 Calystegia hederacea	一年生旋花科草本，杂草类Annual grass of Convolvulaceae family， ruderal species	59.50±0.00	0.42	-	-	59.50±0.00	0.75
Ec	香薷 Elsholtzia ciliata	一年或多年生唇形科草本Annual or perennial grass of Labiatae family	4.89±6.48	0.42	5.71±7.26	0.83	2.43±2.76	0.09
Tb	虱子草 Tragus berteronianus	一年生禾草Annual grass of Gramineae family	42.16±0.00	0.30	-	-	42.16±0.00	0.53
St	卷柏 Selaginella tamariscina	多年生卷柏科垫状草本Perennial cushion grass of Selaginellaceae family	4.31±6.17	0.28	2.38±2.24	0.31	19.78±0.00	0.25
Il	单叶木蓝 Indigofera linifolia	多年生豆科草本 Perennial grass of Leguminous family	9.43±10.60	0.27	-	-	9.43±10.60	0.48
Aa	三芒草 Aristida adscensionis	一年生禾草Annual grass of Gramineae family	37.68±0.00	0.27	-	-	37.68±0.00	0.48
Pu	叶下珠 Phyllanthus urinaria	一年生大戟科草本Annual grass of Euphorbiaceae family	1.14±0.91	0.23	0.77±0.57	0.09	1.25±0.98	0.35
样方水平平均鲜生物量Average fresh biomass in sample plots （g）			223.63±109.68		193.84±83.90		254.40±125.15
占样地生物量鲜重总量比例Proportion of total fresh biomass in sample plots （%）				97.57		97.73		97.45

物种代号 Species code	物种名 Species name	植物功能群 Functional types	总体 Total		封育区 Enclosed sites		干扰区 Disturbed sites
物种代号 Species code	物种名 Species name	植物功能群 Functional types	物种生物量 BIOsp （g）	重要值 IV	物种生物量 BIOsp （g）	重要值 IV	物种生物量 BIOsp （g）	重要值 IV
Hc	黄茅 Heteropogon contortus	多年生禾草 Perennial grass of Gramineae family	118.74±91.29	43.82	84.42±71.14	28.58	141.99±97.01	55.81
Eb	拟金茅 Eulaliopsis binata	多年生禾草Perennial grass of Gramineae family	70.53±56.93	15.02	79.28±57.64	29.40	41.76±47.15	3.71
Cg	橘草 Cymbopogon goeringii	多年生禾草Perennial grass of Gramineae family	53.06±78.60	10.92	59.74±83.22	23.12	21.00±43.24	1.33
Bp	孔颖草 Bothriochloa pertusa	多年生禾草Perennial grass of Gramineae family	59.00±60.53	4.61	-	-	59.00±60.53	8.23
Al	矛叶荩草 Arthraxon lanceolatus	多年生禾草Perennial grass of Gramineae family	36.86±60.21	4.45	29.49±68.23	3.80	43.42±55.45	4.95
Dv	车桑子 Dodonaea viscosa	多年生无患子科小灌木 Perennial shrub of Sapindaceae family	19.04±18.59	2.97	17.81±16.89	3.44	20.53±21.29	2.60
Tc	短萼灰叶 Tephrosia candida	一年或多年生豆科灌木状草本Annual or perennial shrubby grass of Leguminous family	33.00±39.60	2.58	47.74±78.50	2.31	27.47±18.75	2.79
Tp	羽芒菊 Tridax procumbens	多年生菊科草本，入侵物种Perennial grass of Compositae family， invasive species	13.54±25.84	1.73	0.94±0.13	0.03	15.12±27.08	3.07
Wc	荛花 Wikstroemia canescens	多年生瑞香科灌木Perennial shrub of Thymelaeaceae family	49.24±77.00	1.40	11.72±16.14	0.38	86.77±109.07	2.20
Zp	多花百日菊 Zinnia peruviana	一年生菊科草本，入侵物种Annual grass of Compositae family， invasive species	37.80±79.54	1.34	-	-	37.80±79.54	2.40
Gf	地檀香 Gaultheria forrestii	多年生杜鹃花科半灌木或草本Perennial semi-shrub or grass of the Ericaceae family	41.92±49.41	1.19	41.92±49.41	2.70	-	-
Eh	飞扬草 Euphorbia hirta	一年生大戟科草本Annual grass of Euphorbiaceae family	21.39±48.96	1.06	4.53±7.39	0.22	34.04±65.27	1.73
Zg	丁癸草 Zornia gibbosa	多年生豆科草本 Perennial grass of Leguminous family	13.70±22.11	0.97	0.39±0.00	0.01	15.18±22.92	1.73
Cs	蔓草虫豆 Cajanus scarabaeoides	一年或多年生豆科草质藤本Annual or perennial grass liana of Leguminous family	10.99±17.39	0.94	1.11±0.00	0.02	11.89±17.94	1.66
Tm	蒲公英 Taraxacum mongolicum	多年生菊科草本，杂草类Perennial grass of Compositae family， ruderal species	58.43±66.29	0.83	-	-	58.43±66.29	1.48
Bc	假杜鹃Barleria cristata	多年生爵床科小灌木Perennial shrub of Acanthaceae family	16.17±19.41	0.57	16.17±19.41	1.30	-	-
Pw	清香木 Pistacia weinmanniifolia	多年生漆树科灌木或小乔木Perennial shrub or small tree of Anacardiaceae family	37.16±15.72	0.53	37.16±15.72	1.20	-	-
Lp	臭灵丹 Laggera pterodonta	一年或多年生菊科草本Annual or perennial grass of Compositae family	64.58±0.00	0.46	-	-	64.58±0.00	0.82
Ch	兔耳草 Calystegia hederacea	一年生旋花科草本，杂草类Annual grass of Convolvulaceae family， ruderal species	59.50±0.00	0.42	-	-	59.50±0.00	0.75
Ec	香薷 Elsholtzia ciliata	一年或多年生唇形科草本Annual or perennial grass of Labiatae family	4.89±6.48	0.42	5.71±7.26	0.83	2.43±2.76	0.09
Tb	虱子草 Tragus berteronianus	一年生禾草Annual grass of Gramineae family	42.16±0.00	0.30	-	-	42.16±0.00	0.53
St	卷柏 Selaginella tamariscina	多年生卷柏科垫状草本Perennial cushion grass of Selaginellaceae family	4.31±6.17	0.28	2.38±2.24	0.31	19.78±0.00	0.25
Il	单叶木蓝 Indigofera linifolia	多年生豆科草本 Perennial grass of Leguminous family	9.43±10.60	0.27	-	-	9.43±10.60	0.48
Aa	三芒草 Aristida adscensionis	一年生禾草Annual grass of Gramineae family	37.68±0.00	0.27	-	-	37.68±0.00	0.48
Pu	叶下珠 Phyllanthus urinaria	一年生大戟科草本Annual grass of Euphorbiaceae family	1.14±0.91	0.23	0.77±0.57	0.09	1.25±0.98	0.35
样方水平平均鲜生物量Average fresh biomass in sample plots （g）			223.63±109.68		193.84±83.90		254.40±125.15
占样地生物量鲜重总量比例Proportion of total fresh biomass in sample plots （%）				97.57		97.73		97.45

种组 Groups	封育区 Enclosed	干扰区 Disturbed	种组特征 Characteristic
1	清香木 P. weinmanniifolia		多年生乔木或灌木，木质化程度较高，富含芳香物质，耐旱、耐贫瘠。Perennial small trees or shrubs， highly lignified， rich in aromatic substances， resistant to drought and impoverishment.
2	荛花 W. canescens		多年生灌木，瑞香科物种，通常具有一定毒性。Perennial shrubs of Thymelaeaceae family，usually venomous.
3		车桑子 D. viscosa	多年生落叶灌木，耐旱、耐贫瘠。Perennial deciduous shrubs， resistant to drought and impoverishment.
4	车桑子 D. viscosa，卷柏 S. tamariscina，叶下珠 P. urinaria，香薷 E. ciliata，橘草 C. goeringii，矛叶荩草 A. lanceolatus，短萼灰叶 T. candida，飞扬草 E. hirta，羽芒菊 T. procumbens *	荛花 W. canescens，香薷 E. ciliata，卷柏 S. tamariscina，矛叶荩草 A. lanceolatus，虱子草 T. berteronianus，短萼灰叶 T. candida，单叶木蓝 I. linifolia，蒲公英T. mongolicum #，三芒草 A. adscensionis，多花百日菊 Z. peruviana *	外貌上形成层次感较强的，以多年生优势禾草为背景，镶嵌分布木质化程度较高的小灌木和草本的类群，物种组成较为丰富，是组成样地生物量的重要组成部分；具有一定抗干扰能力，干扰后表现出多年生优势禾草被一年生优势禾草取代、地表易分解腐殖质急剧减少的趋势。In appearance， it formed a group of small shrubs and herbs with high lignification degree inlaid on the background of perennial dominant grasses. The species composition was relatively rich， which was an important part of the biomass of the plot. After disturbance， the dominant perennial grasses were replaced by annual grasses， and the decomposed humus on the ground decreased sharply.
5	拟金茅 E. binata	拟金茅 E. binata	多年生禾草，根系发达，在维管柱外形成富含水分的肉状结构，地上部凋落物层发达，植株主体形成伞状覆盖地表。 Perennial grasses with well-developed root systems， forming fleshy structures rich in water outside the vascular column， and well-developed above-ground litter layers， with the plant body forming an umbrella covering the surface.
6	黄茅 H. contortus	黄茅 H. contortus，叶下珠 P. urinaria	以多年生优势禾草为背景，镶嵌分布其他木质化类型物种。Lignified species were inlaid in the background of dominant perennial grasses.
7		橘草 C. goeringii	多年生禾草，植株较高大的阔叶型牧草，根系发达，常在根部形成较易分解的腐殖质。Perennial grass， a tall broad-leaved grass with a well-developed root system， and could form readily decomposed humus around plants.
8	蔓草虫豆 C. scarabaeoides，地檀香 G. forrestii	蔓草虫豆 C. scarabaeoides，孔颖草 B. pertusa，羽芒菊 T. procumbens *	蔓生或缠绕状草质豆科藤本与具有耐受性的小灌木或草本形成的集合，常在土壤较贫瘠或易受干扰的地方出现。An assemblage of trailing or twining grassy legume vines with small tolerant shrubs or herbs， often found in poor or disturbed soils.
9	丁癸草 Z. gibbosa，假杜鹃 B. cristata	丁癸草 Z. gibbosa	匍匐型豆科牧草为主的种组，主要在易受干扰、水肥条件稍好的地方出现。The species group of prostrate legume herbage， mainly occurs in the areas easily disturbed and with better water and fertilizer conditions.
10		飞扬草 E. hirta	耐旱性植物，形成较多而易于扩散的种子。Drought-tolerant plants， could form a large number of easily spread seeds.
11		臭灵丹 L. pterodonta #	一年或多年生菊科植物，富含挥发性芳香物质，常在人类活动较强的田间地头出现。Annual or perennial grass of Compositae family， rich in volatile aromatic substances and often found in fields where human activity is high.
12		兔耳草 C. hederacea #	一年生旋花科草本植物，耐受贫瘠，常在易受干扰的地方出现。Annual grass of Convolvulaceae family， could tolerates poor fertility and occurs frequently in disturbed areas.

种组 Groups	封育区 Enclosed	干扰区 Disturbed	种组特征 Characteristic
1	清香木 P. weinmanniifolia		多年生乔木或灌木，木质化程度较高，富含芳香物质，耐旱、耐贫瘠。Perennial small trees or shrubs， highly lignified， rich in aromatic substances， resistant to drought and impoverishment.
2	荛花 W. canescens		多年生灌木，瑞香科物种，通常具有一定毒性。Perennial shrubs of Thymelaeaceae family，usually venomous.
3		车桑子 D. viscosa	多年生落叶灌木，耐旱、耐贫瘠。Perennial deciduous shrubs， resistant to drought and impoverishment.
4	车桑子 D. viscosa，卷柏 S. tamariscina，叶下珠 P. urinaria，香薷 E. ciliata，橘草 C. goeringii，矛叶荩草 A. lanceolatus，短萼灰叶 T. candida，飞扬草 E. hirta，羽芒菊 T. procumbens *	荛花 W. canescens，香薷 E. ciliata，卷柏 S. tamariscina，矛叶荩草 A. lanceolatus，虱子草 T. berteronianus，短萼灰叶 T. candida，单叶木蓝 I. linifolia，蒲公英T. mongolicum #，三芒草 A. adscensionis，多花百日菊 Z. peruviana *	外貌上形成层次感较强的，以多年生优势禾草为背景，镶嵌分布木质化程度较高的小灌木和草本的类群，物种组成较为丰富，是组成样地生物量的重要组成部分；具有一定抗干扰能力，干扰后表现出多年生优势禾草被一年生优势禾草取代、地表易分解腐殖质急剧减少的趋势。In appearance， it formed a group of small shrubs and herbs with high lignification degree inlaid on the background of perennial dominant grasses. The species composition was relatively rich， which was an important part of the biomass of the plot. After disturbance， the dominant perennial grasses were replaced by annual grasses， and the decomposed humus on the ground decreased sharply.
5	拟金茅 E. binata	拟金茅 E. binata	多年生禾草，根系发达，在维管柱外形成富含水分的肉状结构，地上部凋落物层发达，植株主体形成伞状覆盖地表。 Perennial grasses with well-developed root systems， forming fleshy structures rich in water outside the vascular column， and well-developed above-ground litter layers， with the plant body forming an umbrella covering the surface.
6	黄茅 H. contortus	黄茅 H. contortus，叶下珠 P. urinaria	以多年生优势禾草为背景，镶嵌分布其他木质化类型物种。Lignified species were inlaid in the background of dominant perennial grasses.
7		橘草 C. goeringii	多年生禾草，植株较高大的阔叶型牧草，根系发达，常在根部形成较易分解的腐殖质。Perennial grass， a tall broad-leaved grass with a well-developed root system， and could form readily decomposed humus around plants.
8	蔓草虫豆 C. scarabaeoides，地檀香 G. forrestii	蔓草虫豆 C. scarabaeoides，孔颖草 B. pertusa，羽芒菊 T. procumbens *	蔓生或缠绕状草质豆科藤本与具有耐受性的小灌木或草本形成的集合，常在土壤较贫瘠或易受干扰的地方出现。An assemblage of trailing or twining grassy legume vines with small tolerant shrubs or herbs， often found in poor or disturbed soils.
9	丁癸草 Z. gibbosa，假杜鹃 B. cristata	丁癸草 Z. gibbosa	匍匐型豆科牧草为主的种组，主要在易受干扰、水肥条件稍好的地方出现。The species group of prostrate legume herbage， mainly occurs in the areas easily disturbed and with better water and fertilizer conditions.
10		飞扬草 E. hirta	耐旱性植物，形成较多而易于扩散的种子。Drought-tolerant plants， could form a large number of easily spread seeds.
11		臭灵丹 L. pterodonta #	一年或多年生菊科植物，富含挥发性芳香物质，常在人类活动较强的田间地头出现。Annual or perennial grass of Compositae family， rich in volatile aromatic substances and often found in fields where human activity is high.
12		兔耳草 C. hederacea #	一年生旋花科草本植物，耐受贫瘠，常在易受干扰的地方出现。Annual grass of Convolvulaceae family， could tolerates poor fertility and occurs frequently in disturbed areas.

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