Nitrogen fertilizer threshold and uncertainty analysis of typical grassland on the northern slopes of Tianshan Mountains

doi:10.11686/cyxb2023097

Abstract

Abstract:

In the context of climate change and increasing human activities， a series of ecological problems have emerged in arid and semi-arid regions as one of the important and very vulnerable components of the terrestrial ecosystem. Exploring the impact of climate change and human activities on the net primary productivity （NPP） is of great significance for the rational use of natural resources and the sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry. Nitrogen fertilization is a way to promote increased NPP and appropriate fertilization can improve the NPP of grassland. To further explore the potential use of N fertilization， this study investigated four grassland types， alpine meadow （AM）， mid-mountain forest meadow （MMFM）， low mountain dry grassland （LMDG） and plain desert grassland （PDG）， distributed along the altitude gradient on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains， and employed a denitrification-decomposition model to analyze the NPP responses of the typical grassland ecosystem in this region to the application of different nitrogen fertilizers， and reveal the nitrogen fertilizer threshold and the optimal fertilization strategy. It was found that： 1） Appropriate nitrogen addition led to an increase in NPP of all types of grassland ecosystems， but there was a threshold value for the response of grassland NPP to fertilizer application， and different types of grassland NPP had different threshold values. There was no unified optimal fertilization method applicable to the four types of grassland. LMDG grassland ecosystem is the most sensitive to nitrogen application. 2） The maximum NPP in PDG grassland was achieved by applying 100 kg·ha^-1nitrate twice a year， and the maximum NPP was 68.72 g C·m^-2·yr^-1. The maximum NPP fertilization strategy in LMDG grassland is 260 kg·ha^-1 of urea applied twice a year， and the maximum NPP value is 263.28 g C·m^-2·yr^-1. The maximum NPP of MMFM was achieved by applying 80 kg·ha^-1 of urea once a year， and the maximum NPP is 171.22 g C·m^-2·yr^-1. In AM grassland， anhydrous ammonia reached the maximum value of NPP （114.62 g C·m^-2·yr^-1） with the minimum amount of fertilizer （60 kg·ha^-1） and was the best nitrogen fertilizer in this grassland type. 3） The result of Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis shows that PDG and LMDG is more sensitive to fertilization time， and the effect of fluctuation in fertilizer application rate variation on LMDG and MMFM is more obvious.

Key words: northern slope of Tianshan Mountain, DNDC model, nitrogen fertilizer threshold, net primary productivity, Monte Carlo analysis

Qi-fei HAN, Long YIN, Chao-fan LI, Run-gang ZHANG, Wen-biao WANG, Zheng-nan CUI. Nitrogen fertilizer threshold and uncertainty analysis of typical grassland on the northern slopes of Tianshan Mountains[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(1): 19-32.

Figures/Tables 9

References 44

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施肥阈值 Fertilization threshold （kg·hm^-2）	氮肥类型 Nitrogen fertilizer type	研究区 Study area	草地类型/草种 Grassland type/grass species	参考文献 References
60	尿素Urea （N 46%）	河北省张家口市北部坝上高原区Bashang grasslands district， north of Zhangjiakou City， Hebei Province	主要牧草为羊草The main forage is Leymus chinensis	［24］
260	尿素Urea （N≥46.4%）	伊犁新垦区建植混播人工草地Establishment of mixed planting artificial grassland in Yili new reclamation area	百脉根+扁穗冰草+新麦草+无芒雀麦Lotus corniculatus+Agropyron cristatum+Psathyrostachys juncea+Bromus inermis	［25］
225	尿素Urea （N 46%）	青藏高原的中东部、玉树州东部的称多县Chindu county in the east of Yushu Prefecture and the east of Qinghai Tibet plateau	冬季草场Winter grassland	［26］
150	磷酸二铵Diammonium phosphate （N 18%）	三江源国家自然保护区Sanjiangyuan national nature reserve	早熟禾人工草地Poa pratensis artificial grassland	［27］
126	尿素Urea （N 46%）	东祁连山金强河流域的甘肃农业大学天祝高山草原生态系统试验站Tianzhu alpine grassland ecosystem experimental station of Gansu Agricultural University in Jinqiang river basin of east Qilian mountains	嵩草草甸和高寒灌丛草甸、燕麦Kobresia meadows and alpine shrub meadows， Avena sativa	［28］
132	尿素Urea （N 46%）	青海省大武镇Dawu town， Qinghai province	高寒嵩草草甸Alpine Kobresia meadow	［29］
240	颗粒状尿素 Granular urea （N 46%）	吉林省松原市长岭县东北师范大学草地科学研究所实验站Institute of Grassland Science， Northeast Normal University， Changling county， Songyuan city， Jilin province	松嫩平原西南部自然草地、羊草Natural grassland in the southwest of Songnen Plain， L. chinensis	［30］
225	硫酸钾复合肥（总养分含量 ≥45%，其中 N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O 为1∶1∶1）Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer （total nutrient content ≥45%， in which N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O is 1∶1∶1）	四川省红原县瓦切乡四川省草原科学研究院试验站Experimental station of Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences， Waqie township， Hongyuan county， Sichuan province	高寒改良草地Alpine improved grassland	［31］
420	尿素Urea （N 40%）	青海省海北藏族自治州海晏县境内哈勒景乡永丰村的冬春围栏草地Fenced grassland in winter and spring in Yongfeng village， Halejing township， Haiyan county， Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture， Qinghai province	山地草原类天然草场Natural mountain grassland	［32］
300	速效氮肥尿素Quick acting nitrogen fertilizer urea	江西现代牧业科技园百草园基地（江西省蚕桑茶叶研究所）Jiangxi Sericulture and Tea Research Institute	以狗牙根、雀稗、车前草为主的杂类草草地A mixed grass grassland mainly composed of Cynodon dactylon，Paspalum thunbergii and Plantago depressa	［33］
179	硝酸铵Ammonium nitrate	大庆市学伟大街两侧绿化带草坪内In the green belt lawn on both sides of Xuewei street， Daqing city	早熟禾P. pratensis	［34］
50	尿素Urea	内蒙古锡林浩特市锡林河流域的退化典型草原Degenerated typical grassland in Xilin river basin， Xilinhot city， Inner Mongolia	禾本科植物占绝对优势，克氏针茅为建群优势种Poaceae plants account for absolute advantage， Stipa krylovii is the dominant species for group building	［35］
120	尿素Urea	宁夏盐池县城西滩试验田Xitan experimental field in Yanchi county， Ningxia	羊草L. chinensis	［36］
300	尿素Urea	三江源区高寒草甸Alpine meadow in Sanjiangyuan district	高山嵩草杂类草甸，主要优势牧草是高山嵩草Alpine meadow， with the main dominant species being Kobresia pygmaea	［37］

施肥阈值 Fertilization threshold （kg·hm^-2）	氮肥类型 Nitrogen fertilizer type	研究区 Study area	草地类型/草种 Grassland type/grass species	参考文献 References
60	尿素Urea （N 46%）	河北省张家口市北部坝上高原区Bashang grasslands district， north of Zhangjiakou City， Hebei Province	主要牧草为羊草The main forage is Leymus chinensis	［24］
260	尿素Urea （N≥46.4%）	伊犁新垦区建植混播人工草地Establishment of mixed planting artificial grassland in Yili new reclamation area	百脉根+扁穗冰草+新麦草+无芒雀麦Lotus corniculatus+Agropyron cristatum+Psathyrostachys juncea+Bromus inermis	［25］
225	尿素Urea （N 46%）	青藏高原的中东部、玉树州东部的称多县Chindu county in the east of Yushu Prefecture and the east of Qinghai Tibet plateau	冬季草场Winter grassland	［26］
150	磷酸二铵Diammonium phosphate （N 18%）	三江源国家自然保护区Sanjiangyuan national nature reserve	早熟禾人工草地Poa pratensis artificial grassland	［27］
126	尿素Urea （N 46%）	东祁连山金强河流域的甘肃农业大学天祝高山草原生态系统试验站Tianzhu alpine grassland ecosystem experimental station of Gansu Agricultural University in Jinqiang river basin of east Qilian mountains	嵩草草甸和高寒灌丛草甸、燕麦Kobresia meadows and alpine shrub meadows， Avena sativa	［28］
132	尿素Urea （N 46%）	青海省大武镇Dawu town， Qinghai province	高寒嵩草草甸Alpine Kobresia meadow	［29］
240	颗粒状尿素 Granular urea （N 46%）	吉林省松原市长岭县东北师范大学草地科学研究所实验站Institute of Grassland Science， Northeast Normal University， Changling county， Songyuan city， Jilin province	松嫩平原西南部自然草地、羊草Natural grassland in the southwest of Songnen Plain， L. chinensis	［30］
225	硫酸钾复合肥（总养分含量 ≥45%，其中 N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O 为1∶1∶1）Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer （total nutrient content ≥45%， in which N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O is 1∶1∶1）	四川省红原县瓦切乡四川省草原科学研究院试验站Experimental station of Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences， Waqie township， Hongyuan county， Sichuan province	高寒改良草地Alpine improved grassland	［31］
420	尿素Urea （N 40%）	青海省海北藏族自治州海晏县境内哈勒景乡永丰村的冬春围栏草地Fenced grassland in winter and spring in Yongfeng village， Halejing township， Haiyan county， Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture， Qinghai province	山地草原类天然草场Natural mountain grassland	［32］
300	速效氮肥尿素Quick acting nitrogen fertilizer urea	江西现代牧业科技园百草园基地（江西省蚕桑茶叶研究所）Jiangxi Sericulture and Tea Research Institute	以狗牙根、雀稗、车前草为主的杂类草草地A mixed grass grassland mainly composed of Cynodon dactylon，Paspalum thunbergii and Plantago depressa	［33］
179	硝酸铵Ammonium nitrate	大庆市学伟大街两侧绿化带草坪内In the green belt lawn on both sides of Xuewei street， Daqing city	早熟禾P. pratensis	［34］
50	尿素Urea	内蒙古锡林浩特市锡林河流域的退化典型草原Degenerated typical grassland in Xilin river basin， Xilinhot city， Inner Mongolia	禾本科植物占绝对优势，克氏针茅为建群优势种Poaceae plants account for absolute advantage， Stipa krylovii is the dominant species for group building	［35］
120	尿素Urea	宁夏盐池县城西滩试验田Xitan experimental field in Yanchi county， Ningxia	羊草L. chinensis	［36］
300	尿素Urea	三江源区高寒草甸Alpine meadow in Sanjiangyuan district	高山嵩草杂类草甸，主要优势牧草是高山嵩草Alpine meadow， with the main dominant species being Kobresia pygmaea	［37］

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