Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 190-201.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025240
Jian-bo ZHANG1(
), Lei WANG1,2(
), Qiang-long ZHANG1, Pei-lin YE3, Wei-hua HUANG1, Fu-nian ZHANG4, Rong LI4, Yong SHI5
Received:2025-06-16
Revised:2025-09-09
Online:2026-06-20
Published:2026-04-13
Contact:
Lei WANG
Jian-bo ZHANG, Lei WANG, Qiang-long ZHANG, Pei-lin YE, Wei-hua HUANG, Fu-nian ZHANG, Rong LI, Yong SHI. Effects of supplemental feeds with different energy contents on the productive performance, blood biochemical indices, and ruminal microbial community of growing yaks[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(6): 190-201.
项目 Items | 低能量组 LG group | 中能量组 MG group | 高能量组 HG group |
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料配比Ingredient ratio | |||
| 玉米 Corn (%) | 35.20 | 34.90 | 42.90 |
| 玉米胚芽粕 Corn germ meal (%) | 18.00 | 20.70 | 13.37 |
| 小麦次粉 Wheat middlings (%) | 15.80 | 10.87 | 13.00 |
| 玉米全干酒糟 Corn distillers dried grains with solubles (%) | 10.57 | 10.50 | 10.00 |
| 稻壳粉 Rice hull powder (%) | 6.00 | 8.00 | 5.50 |
| 大豆粕 Soybean meal (%) | 4.40 | 5.00 | 5.20 |
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal (%) | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| 菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal (%) | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| 石粉 Mountain flour (%) | 1.38 | 1.38 | 1.38 |
| 硫酸钙 Calcium sulfate (%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 食盐 Salt (%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 蒙脱石 Montmorillonite (%) | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| 复合微量元素Complex trace elements 1) (%) | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| 防霉剂 Mold inhibitor (%) | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 |
| 氯化胆碱 Choline chloride (%) | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
| 复合酶制剂 Composite enzyme preparation (%) | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| 地衣芽孢杆菌 Bacillus licheniformis (%) | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| 抗氧化剂 Antioxidant (%) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| 甜菜碱 Betaine (%) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| 复合维生素Multivitamin 2) (%) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| 枯草芽孢杆菌 Bacillus cereus (%) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| 营养水平Nutritional level 3) | |||
| 干物质 Dry matter (%) | 89.86 | 89.05 | 88.36 |
| 粗蛋白 Crude protein (%) | 15.30 | 16.06 | 17.71 |
| 粗纤维 Crude fiber (%) | 20.74 | 14.68 | 8.28 |
| 粗脂肪 Ether extract (%) | 4.27 | 4.34 | 4.36 |
| 钙 Calcium (%) | 1.02 | 1.01 | 1.00 |
| 总磷 Phosphorus (%) | 0.46 | 0.45 | 0.48 |
| 消化能 Digestibility coefficient (MJ·kg?1) | 2.66 | 3.02 | 3.38 |
Table 1 Composition and nutritional levels of concentrated feed at different energy levels (based on dry matter)
项目 Items | 低能量组 LG group | 中能量组 MG group | 高能量组 HG group |
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料配比Ingredient ratio | |||
| 玉米 Corn (%) | 35.20 | 34.90 | 42.90 |
| 玉米胚芽粕 Corn germ meal (%) | 18.00 | 20.70 | 13.37 |
| 小麦次粉 Wheat middlings (%) | 15.80 | 10.87 | 13.00 |
| 玉米全干酒糟 Corn distillers dried grains with solubles (%) | 10.57 | 10.50 | 10.00 |
| 稻壳粉 Rice hull powder (%) | 6.00 | 8.00 | 5.50 |
| 大豆粕 Soybean meal (%) | 4.40 | 5.00 | 5.20 |
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal (%) | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| 菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal (%) | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| 石粉 Mountain flour (%) | 1.38 | 1.38 | 1.38 |
| 硫酸钙 Calcium sulfate (%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 食盐 Salt (%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 蒙脱石 Montmorillonite (%) | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| 复合微量元素Complex trace elements 1) (%) | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| 防霉剂 Mold inhibitor (%) | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 |
| 氯化胆碱 Choline chloride (%) | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
| 复合酶制剂 Composite enzyme preparation (%) | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| 地衣芽孢杆菌 Bacillus licheniformis (%) | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| 抗氧化剂 Antioxidant (%) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| 甜菜碱 Betaine (%) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| 复合维生素Multivitamin 2) (%) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| 枯草芽孢杆菌 Bacillus cereus (%) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| 营养水平Nutritional level 3) | |||
| 干物质 Dry matter (%) | 89.86 | 89.05 | 88.36 |
| 粗蛋白 Crude protein (%) | 15.30 | 16.06 | 17.71 |
| 粗纤维 Crude fiber (%) | 20.74 | 14.68 | 8.28 |
| 粗脂肪 Ether extract (%) | 4.27 | 4.34 | 4.36 |
| 钙 Calcium (%) | 1.02 | 1.01 | 1.00 |
| 总磷 Phosphorus (%) | 0.46 | 0.45 | 0.48 |
| 消化能 Digestibility coefficient (MJ·kg?1) | 2.66 | 3.02 | 3.38 |
项目 Items | 低能量组 LG group | 中能量组 MG group | 高能量组 HG group | 均值标准误SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 生产性能指标 Index of production performance | |||||
| 初始体重 IBW (kg) | 93.72a | 93.94a | 93.56a | 2.35 | 0.998 |
| 终末体重 FBW (kg) | 168.61a | 171.22a | 174.17a | 3.17 | 0.787 |
| 平均日增重 ADG (kg·d-1) | 0.62a | 0.64a | 0.67a | 0.02 | 0.507 |
| 平均采食量 ADMI (kg·d-1) | 3.80a | 3.71a | 3.75a | 0.07 | 0.887 |
| 料重比 F/G | 6.20a | 5.79a | 5.64a | 0.15 | 0.310 |
| 血清生化指标 Biochemical indices of blood | |||||
| 血糖 GLU (mmol·L-1) | 2.54a | 2.48a | 2.74a | 0.14 | 0.763 |
| 甘油三酯 TG (mmol·L-1) | 0.36a | 0.37a | 0.35a | 0.02 | 0.948 |
| 总胆固醇 TC (mmol·L-1) | 1.33a | 1.26a | 1.34a | 0.09 | 0.922 |
| 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 HDL (mmol·L-1) | 0.87a | 0.80a | 0.88a | 0.06 | 0.848 |
| 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 LDL (mmol·L-1) | 0.33a | 0.35a | 0.34a | 0.02 | 0.928 |
| 游离脂肪酸 NEFA (mmol·L-1) | 0.052a | 0.097a | 0.073a | 0.02 | 0.580 |
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC (U·mL-1) | 3.40a | 2.40ab | 1.41b | 0.27 | 0.006** |
| 丙二醛 MDA (nmol·mL-1) | 1.96a | 1.70a | 1.50a | 0.19 | 0.615 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化酶 GSH-Px (U·mL-1) | 62.39a | 45.95a | 68.59a | 5.15 | 0.199 |
| 生长激素 GH (ng·mL-1) | 1.86b | 2.73a | 2.84a | 0.16 | 0.015* |
| 胰岛素 INS (mIU·L-1) | 2.77b | 4.17a | 3.02b | 0.20 | 0.006** |
| 胰岛素样生长因子1 IGF-1 (ng·mL-1) | 30.61b | 54.97a | 53.09a | 3.42 | 0.002** |
| 胰岛素样生长因子2 IGF-2 (ng·mL-1) | 5.29b | 7.22a | 7.60a | 0.39 | 0.027* |
Table 2 Effects of different energy concentrate supplement on production performance and blood metabolites of growing yaks
项目 Items | 低能量组 LG group | 中能量组 MG group | 高能量组 HG group | 均值标准误SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 生产性能指标 Index of production performance | |||||
| 初始体重 IBW (kg) | 93.72a | 93.94a | 93.56a | 2.35 | 0.998 |
| 终末体重 FBW (kg) | 168.61a | 171.22a | 174.17a | 3.17 | 0.787 |
| 平均日增重 ADG (kg·d-1) | 0.62a | 0.64a | 0.67a | 0.02 | 0.507 |
| 平均采食量 ADMI (kg·d-1) | 3.80a | 3.71a | 3.75a | 0.07 | 0.887 |
| 料重比 F/G | 6.20a | 5.79a | 5.64a | 0.15 | 0.310 |
| 血清生化指标 Biochemical indices of blood | |||||
| 血糖 GLU (mmol·L-1) | 2.54a | 2.48a | 2.74a | 0.14 | 0.763 |
| 甘油三酯 TG (mmol·L-1) | 0.36a | 0.37a | 0.35a | 0.02 | 0.948 |
| 总胆固醇 TC (mmol·L-1) | 1.33a | 1.26a | 1.34a | 0.09 | 0.922 |
| 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 HDL (mmol·L-1) | 0.87a | 0.80a | 0.88a | 0.06 | 0.848 |
| 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 LDL (mmol·L-1) | 0.33a | 0.35a | 0.34a | 0.02 | 0.928 |
| 游离脂肪酸 NEFA (mmol·L-1) | 0.052a | 0.097a | 0.073a | 0.02 | 0.580 |
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC (U·mL-1) | 3.40a | 2.40ab | 1.41b | 0.27 | 0.006** |
| 丙二醛 MDA (nmol·mL-1) | 1.96a | 1.70a | 1.50a | 0.19 | 0.615 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化酶 GSH-Px (U·mL-1) | 62.39a | 45.95a | 68.59a | 5.15 | 0.199 |
| 生长激素 GH (ng·mL-1) | 1.86b | 2.73a | 2.84a | 0.16 | 0.015* |
| 胰岛素 INS (mIU·L-1) | 2.77b | 4.17a | 3.02b | 0.20 | 0.006** |
| 胰岛素样生长因子1 IGF-1 (ng·mL-1) | 30.61b | 54.97a | 53.09a | 3.42 | 0.002** |
| 胰岛素样生长因子2 IGF-2 (ng·mL-1) | 5.29b | 7.22a | 7.60a | 0.39 | 0.027* |
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