Changes in soil particle size distribution and fractal characteristics across an anthropogenic transition from desert steppe grassland to shrubland in eastern Ningxia

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020175

Abstract

Abstract:

This research aimed to characterize changes in soil particle size and fractal dimensions across a grassland-shrubland vegetation transition boundary in the desert steppe of Eastern Ningxia. Following ecological boundary theory and standard methodology， sites located in desert grassland， at the grassland edge， at the shrubland edge， and in shrubland were selected as representative of the main states found in a typical anthropogenic grassland-shrubland transition in vegetation mosaics in the region. Samples were collected for 0-10 cm， 10-20 cm and thereafter 20 cm soil depth increments to 100 cm. It was found that the percentage of soil volume by particle size in the transition zone studied was sand>silt>clay. The proportion of sand increased gradually across the anthropogenic transition from approximately 70% in grassland to 95.54%-98.97% in the shrubland， depending on soil depth. Conversely， soil fractal dimension decreased with increasing sand content from 2.10-2.42 in desert grassland to 1.02-1.78 in shrubland. Soil fractal dimension did not differ significantly between desert grassland， grassland edge and shrubland edge （P>0.05）， but the soil fractal dimension at all three of these site categories was significantly higher， by 36.79%-41.48%， than in shrubland （P<0.05）. The change of soil fractal dimension across the vegetation transition zone was significantly positively correlated with clay content （<2 μm） and silt particle content （2-50 μm）， but significantly negatively correlated with sand content （50-2000 μm）. The soil fractal dimension also showed a very significant positive correlation with soil moisture content， capillary porosity， organic carbon content， and soil total phosphorus （P<0.01， P<0.05）， and a significant negative correlation with soil bulk density （P<0.01）. A principal component analysis indicated that soil silt and sand content， soil capillary porosity， soil bulk density， and soil organic carbon and total phosphorus contents were the parameters most closely associated （P<0.05） with the change in soil fractal dimension across the studied anthropogenic vegetation community transition.

Key words: desert grassland, shrub introduction, anthropogenic grassland-shrubland mosaics, soil particles-size distribution, soil fractal dimension, soil physical and chemical properties

Zhong-chao SUN, Tian-dou GUO, Lu YU, Yan-ping MA, Ya-nan ZHAO, Xue-ying LI, Hong-mei WANG. Changes in soil particle size distribution and fractal characteristics across an anthropogenic transition from desert steppe grassland to shrubland in eastern Ningxia[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(4): 34-45.

Figures/Tables 7

References 38

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样地 Site	经纬度 Longitude and latitude	灌木盖度Shrubs coverage (%)	pH	草本盖度Herbage coverage (%)	物种数Special number	优势种 Dominant species
荒漠草地 Desert grassland (DG)	107°16′24″ E 37°46′31″ N	0	8.35	70.0	25	蒙古冰草，短花针茅，猪毛蒿，刺藜A. mongolicum, S. breviflora, A. scoparia, Chenopodium aristatum
草地边缘 Grassland edge (GE)	107°16′08″ E 107°46′32″ N	7.9	8.19	66.6	19	草木樨状黄芪，短花针茅，牛枝子，乳浆大戟Astragalus melilotoides, S. breviflora, L. potaninii, E. esula
灌丛边缘 Shrubland edge (SE)	107°17′43″ E 107°43′53″ N	14.9	8.34	47.9	16	短花针茅，牛枝子，银灰旋花，远志S. breviflora, L. potaninii, C. ammannii, P. tenuifolia
灌丛地 Shrubland (SL)	107°17′52″ E 107°44′44″ N	51.4	8.39	12.6	16	糙隐子草，猪毛蒿，地锦，狗尾草C. squarrosa, A. scoparia, Euphorbia humifusa, S. viridis

样地 Site	经纬度 Longitude and latitude	灌木盖度Shrubs coverage (%)	pH	草本盖度Herbage coverage (%)	物种数Special number	优势种 Dominant species
荒漠草地 Desert grassland (DG)	107°16′24″ E 37°46′31″ N	0	8.35	70.0	25	蒙古冰草，短花针茅，猪毛蒿，刺藜A. mongolicum, S. breviflora, A. scoparia, Chenopodium aristatum
草地边缘 Grassland edge (GE)	107°16′08″ E 107°46′32″ N	7.9	8.19	66.6	19	草木樨状黄芪，短花针茅，牛枝子，乳浆大戟Astragalus melilotoides, S. breviflora, L. potaninii, E. esula
灌丛边缘 Shrubland edge (SE)	107°17′43″ E 107°43′53″ N	14.9	8.34	47.9	16	短花针茅，牛枝子，银灰旋花，远志S. breviflora, L. potaninii, C. ammannii, P. tenuifolia
灌丛地 Shrubland (SL)	107°17′52″ E 107°44′44″ N	51.4	8.39	12.6	16	糙隐子草，猪毛蒿，地锦，狗尾草C. squarrosa, A. scoparia, Euphorbia humifusa, S. viridis

样地 Sample plot	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	土壤粒径体积百分含量 Volume percentage of soil particle size distribution (%)			分形维数 Fractal dimension (D)
样地 Sample plot	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	黏粒Clay (<2 μm)	粉粒Silt (2~50 μm)	砂粒Sand (50~2000 μm)	分形维数 Fractal dimension (D)
荒漠草地 Desert grassland (DG)	0~10	0.01±0.01c	28.20±0.93cd	71.79±0.92bc	2.25±0.05Abc
	10~20	0.78±0.78bc	30.31±1.19bc	68.91±1.97cd	2.24±0.04Abc
	20~40	3.46±0.10a	35.56±0.10a	60.98±0.19e	2.42±0.00Aa
	40~60	2.86±0.97a	31.72±2.63b	65.42±3.60d	2.39±0.04Aab
	60~80	0.94±0.50bc	21.00±1.09e	78.06±0.59a	2.10±0.10Bc
	80~100	1.42±0.05b	25.36±2.59d	73.22±2.55b	2.32±0.03Bab
	变异系数CV	0.76	0.16	0.08	0.05
草地边缘 Grassland edge (GE)	0~10	0.04±0.00c	29.81±0.10a	70.15±0.09cd	2.26±0.02Abc
	10~20	0.31±0.27c	27.82±2.08ab	71.87±1.82c	2.24±0.01Ac
	20~40	2.27±0.31b	24.94±0.22c	72.79±0.09c	2.35±0.01Aab
	40~60	3.85±1.62a	27.28±1.93b	68.87±3.55d	2.44±0.05Aa
	60~80	0.01±0.01c	18.13±0.44d	81.86±0.45b	2.11±0.02Bc
	80~100	0.00±0.00c	13.51±0.86e	86.49±0.86a	1.96±0.06Cd
	变异系数CV	1.37	0.25	0.09	0.07
灌丛边缘 Shrub edge (SE)	0~10	0.00±0.00c	3.94±0.21d	96.06±0.21a	1.42±0.11Bc
	10~20	0.00±0.00c	7.88±4.16d	92.12±4.16a	1.52±0.17Bc
	20~40	0.43±0.41c	23.27±0.23c	76.30±0.63b	2.13±0.04Bb
	40~60	7.32±2.73a	44.10±5.43b	48.58±8.15c	2.58±0.06Aa
	60~80	4.11±1.31b	49.04±4.43ab	46.85±5.74cd	2.51±0.04Aa
	80~100	6.23±0.40ab	53.55±2.10a	40.22±1.70d	2.58±0.00Aa
	变异系数CV	1.00	0.65	0.34	0.23
灌丛地 Shrub land (SL)	0~10	0.00±0.00a	4.27±1.87a	95.73±1.86b	1.45±0.10Bab
	10~20	0.00±0.00a	2.24±0.17ab	97.76±0.16ab	1.39±0.06Bbc
	20~40	0.00±0.00a	1.39±0.33b	98.61±0.33a	1.78±0.05Ca
	40~60	0.00±0.00a	2.26±0.95ab	97.74±0.95ab	1.07±0.18Bcd
	60~80	0.00±0.00a	4.46±2.98a	95.54±2.98b	1.35±0.15Cbcd
	80~100	0.00±0.00a	1.03±0.00b	98.97±0.00a	1.02±0.08Dd
	变异系数CV	0	0.51	0.01	0.19

样地 Sample plot	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	土壤粒径体积百分含量 Volume percentage of soil particle size distribution (%)			分形维数 Fractal dimension (D)
样地 Sample plot	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	黏粒Clay (<2 μm)	粉粒Silt (2~50 μm)	砂粒Sand (50~2000 μm)	分形维数 Fractal dimension (D)
荒漠草地 Desert grassland (DG)	0~10	0.01±0.01c	28.20±0.93cd	71.79±0.92bc	2.25±0.05Abc
	10~20	0.78±0.78bc	30.31±1.19bc	68.91±1.97cd	2.24±0.04Abc
	20~40	3.46±0.10a	35.56±0.10a	60.98±0.19e	2.42±0.00Aa
	40~60	2.86±0.97a	31.72±2.63b	65.42±3.60d	2.39±0.04Aab
	60~80	0.94±0.50bc	21.00±1.09e	78.06±0.59a	2.10±0.10Bc
	80~100	1.42±0.05b	25.36±2.59d	73.22±2.55b	2.32±0.03Bab
	变异系数CV	0.76	0.16	0.08	0.05
草地边缘 Grassland edge (GE)	0~10	0.04±0.00c	29.81±0.10a	70.15±0.09cd	2.26±0.02Abc
	10~20	0.31±0.27c	27.82±2.08ab	71.87±1.82c	2.24±0.01Ac
	20~40	2.27±0.31b	24.94±0.22c	72.79±0.09c	2.35±0.01Aab
	40~60	3.85±1.62a	27.28±1.93b	68.87±3.55d	2.44±0.05Aa
	60~80	0.01±0.01c	18.13±0.44d	81.86±0.45b	2.11±0.02Bc
	80~100	0.00±0.00c	13.51±0.86e	86.49±0.86a	1.96±0.06Cd
	变异系数CV	1.37	0.25	0.09	0.07
灌丛边缘 Shrub edge (SE)	0~10	0.00±0.00c	3.94±0.21d	96.06±0.21a	1.42±0.11Bc
	10~20	0.00±0.00c	7.88±4.16d	92.12±4.16a	1.52±0.17Bc
	20~40	0.43±0.41c	23.27±0.23c	76.30±0.63b	2.13±0.04Bb
	40~60	7.32±2.73a	44.10±5.43b	48.58±8.15c	2.58±0.06Aa
	60~80	4.11±1.31b	49.04±4.43ab	46.85±5.74cd	2.51±0.04Aa
	80~100	6.23±0.40ab	53.55±2.10a	40.22±1.70d	2.58±0.00Aa
	变异系数CV	1.00	0.65	0.34	0.23
灌丛地 Shrub land (SL)	0~10	0.00±0.00a	4.27±1.87a	95.73±1.86b	1.45±0.10Bab
	10~20	0.00±0.00a	2.24±0.17ab	97.76±0.16ab	1.39±0.06Bbc
	20~40	0.00±0.00a	1.39±0.33b	98.61±0.33a	1.78±0.05Ca
	40~60	0.00±0.00a	2.26±0.95ab	97.74±0.95ab	1.07±0.18Bcd
	60~80	0.00±0.00a	4.46±2.98a	95.54±2.98b	1.35±0.15Cbcd
	80~100	0.00±0.00a	1.03±0.00b	98.97±0.00a	1.02±0.08Dd
	变异系数CV	0	0.51	0.01	0.19

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