Effect of two kinds of tree litter leaf extracts on soil enzyme activities and eco-enzymatic stoichiometry of Axonopus compressus

doi:10.11686/cyxb2023182

Abstract

Abstract:

Matching trees with artificial turf is a common plant configuration scheme in landscaping， but tree litter may affect the growth of understory lawn grass. The aim of this study， therefore， was to explore the allelopathic effects of litter leaf extracts of Koelreuteria paniculata and Prunus serrulata on Axonopus compressus lawn as a preliminarily investigation of the impact of understory vegetation management on the soil quality of A. compressus. Aqueous extracts of K. paniculata and P. serrulata leaf litter were prepared at mass concentrations of 10， 20， and 40 g·L^-1， and applied to A. compressus growing in pots. Hydrolase activity and its stoichiometric changes were determined in the rhizosphere soil of A. compressus treated with the two kinds of litter extracts. It was found that： 1） As the concentration of the K. paniculata extract increased， the activities of β-1，4-glucosidase， β-N-acetylglucosaminidase， and acid phosphatase in the rhizosphere soil of A. compressus initially increased and then decreased， whereasxylase activity initially decreased， then increased， and then decreased. As the concentration of the P. serrulata extract increased， the activities of β-1，4-glucosidase， β-N-acetylglucosaminidase， and xylase in the rhizosphere soil of A. compressus initially decreased and then increased， whereas the activity of acid phosphatase continuously decreased. 2） Correlation analyses showed that the activities of nitrogen- and phosphorus-acquisition enzymes were significantly positively correlated with soil organic carbon （SOC） content； Enzyme carbon∶nitrogen （C∶N） and enzyme carbon∶phosphorus （C∶P） were significantly negatively correlated with total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP）， respectively. And enzyme N∶P was significantly negatively correlated with the SOC content. The results of a vector model analysis revealed that the microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil initially had phosphorus limitation characteristics， but treatment with the P. serrulata litter leaf extract alleviated microbial C and P limitation. 3） A redundancy analysis further revealed that SOC， TP content， soil C∶P， soil water content， and pH were the main factors affecting rhizosphere soil enzyme activities and the enzyme stoichiometry of A. compressus. Therefore， in daily management， leaf litter of K. paniculata and P. serrulata should be added to A. compressus turf to improve soil microbial enzyme activities and simultaneously alleviate C and P limitation.

Key words: leaf litter, soil enzyme activity, eco-enzymatic stoichiometry, nutrient limitation

Lin-xi HUANG, Qian CHEN, Xian-yan ZHANG, Shun YAN, Yun YANG, Pei-yao XIN, Qiong WANG. Effect of two kinds of tree litter leaf extracts on soil enzyme activities and eco-enzymatic stoichiometry of Axonopus compressus[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(4): 35-46.

Figures/Tables 7

References 41

1	Wang J， Zhao M L， Han G D， et al. The effect of litter on grassland ecosystem// Proceedings of the 2013 Annual Conference of the Chinese Grass Society. Tianjin： Conference of the Chinese Grass Society， 2013： 117-120.
	王静，赵萌莉，韩国栋，等. 凋落物对草地生态系统的影响// 中国草学会2013学术年会论文集. 天津：中国草学会， 2013： 117-120.
2	Hu Y L， Wang S L， Huang Y， et al. Effects of litter chemistry on soil biological property and enzymatic activity. Acta Ecologica Sinica， 2005（10）： 2662-2668.
	胡亚林，汪思龙，黄宇，等. 凋落物化学组成对土壤微生物学性状及土壤酶活性的影响. 生态学报， 2005（10）： 2662-2668.
3	Lu Y H， Cao Y， Xu L M， et al. Stoichiometric characteristics of plants， litter and soils in desertification area of Poyang Lake. Chinese Journal of Ecology， 2019， 38（2）： 329-335.
	陆远鸿，曹昀，许令明，等. 鄱阳湖沙化土地植物-凋落物-土壤化学计量特征. 生态学杂志， 2019， 38（2）： 329-335.
4	Fanin N， Moorhead D， Bertrand I， et al. Eco-enzymatic stoichiometry and enzymatic vectors reveal differential C，N，P dynamics in decaying litter along a land-use gradient. Biogeochemistry， 2016， 129： 21-36.
5	Zeng Q， Chen Z， Tan W， et al. Litter quality regulates soil eco-enzymatic stoichiometry and microbial nutrient limitation in a citrus orchard. Plant and Soil， 2021， 466： 179-191.
6	Qi Z C. Effects of litter decomposition on soil organic carbon and its stability in grassland of Loss Plateau. Lanzhou： Lanzhou University， 2021.
	祁正超. 凋落物分解对黄土高原草地土壤有机碳及其稳定性的影响. 兰州：兰州大学， 2021.
7	Xu Y X， Kang Y M， Han C， et al. Effects of precipitation on ecological stoichiometric characteristics of litter and soil carbon， nitrogen and phosphorus in desert steppe. Chinese Journal of Grassland， 2022， 44（4）： 21-31.
	许艺馨，康扬眉，韩翠，等. 降水量对荒漠草原凋落物-土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量学特征的影响. 中国草地学报， 2022， 44（4）： 21-31.
8	Li Q， Qi H， He G X， et al. Response of soil enzymes activities and their stoichiometric characteristics to altitude and aspect of alpine meadow in eastern Qilian Mountains. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation， 2022， 36（4）： 357-364.
	李强，漆昊，何国兴，等. 东祁连山高寒草甸土壤酶活性及其化学计量特征对海拔和坡向的响应. 水土保持学报， 2022， 36（4）： 357-364.
9	Cui Y B， Zhang X， Liu Y Z， et al. Allelopathy of Koelreuteria bipinnata Franch.var.integrifoliola（Merr.）T.Chen aqueous extracts on seed germination of Trifolium repens. Journal of Liaocheng University（Natural Science Edition）， 2016， 29（4）： 24-27， 63.
	崔迎宾，张霞，刘玉真，等. 栾树水浸液对白三叶种子萌发的化感效应. 聊城大学学报（自然科学版）， 2016， 29（4）： 24-27， 63.
10	Ma Y， Fan X H， Liu Z W. Allelopathy response of four crops to falling flowers in common urban greening trees. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas， 2021， 39（5）： 90-98.
	马勇，范晓慧，刘增文. 4种农作物对常见城市绿化树木落花的化感响应. 干旱地区农业研究， 2021， 39（5）： 90-98.
11	Zhu T， Liu Z W， Fan X H， et al. Allelopathic effects of greening leaves extract on 5 herbaceous plants. Acta Agrestia Sinica， 2020， 28（4）： 976-982.
	朱彤，刘增文，范晓慧，等. 绿化树落叶浸提液对5种草本植物的化感效应. 草地学报， 2020， 28（4）： 976-982.
12	Guan W T， Zheng Z R， Diao Z Y， et al. Stoichiometric characteristics and their storage of soil carbon， nitrogen and phosphorus in the temperate meadow steppe under different disturbances. Acta Agrestia Sinica， 2022， 30（11）： 2959-2966.
	关伟涛，郑志荣，刁兆岩，等. 不同干扰方式下温性草甸草原土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征及其储量研究. 草地学报， 2022， 30（11）： 2959-2966.
13	Saiya-Cork K R， Sinsabaugh R L， Zak D R. The effects of long term nitrogen deposition on extracellular enzyme activity in an Acer saccharum forest soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry， 2002， 34（9）： 1309-1315.
14	Cui Y， Fang L， Guo X， et al. Natural grassland as the optimal pattern of vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid regions： Evidence from nutrient limitation of soil microbes. Science of the Total Environment， 2019， 648： 388-397.
15	Suseela V， Tharayil N， Xing B， et al. Warming alters potential enzyme activity but precipitation regulates chemical transformations in grass litter exposed to simulated climatic changes. Soil Biology and Biochemistry， 2014， 75： 102-112.
16	Fu Q， Xing Y J， Yan G Y， et al. Response of litter dynamics of boreal forest to long-term nitrogen deposition. Ecology and Environmental Sciences， 2019， 28（7）： 1341-1350.
	付琦，邢亚娟，闫国永，等. 北方森林凋落物动态对长期氮沉降的响应. 生态环境学报， 2019， 28（7）： 1341-1350.
17	Liao M Y， Hu T X， Deng C M， et al. Effect of leaf litter water extract of three species on growth and resistance physiology of Bidens pilosa. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment， 2014， 30（6）： 724-730.
	廖梦雨，胡庭兴，邓承敏，等. 3个树种凋落叶水浸提液对三叶鬼针草生长及抗性生理的影响. 生态与农村环境学报， 2014， 30（6）： 724-730.
18	Xiao C， Janssens I A， Zhou Y， et al. Strong stoichiometric resilience after litter manipulation experiments： A case study in a Chinese grassland. Biogeosciences， 2015，12： 757-767.
19	Wen M Z， Yu D， Guo J X. Influence of litter layer on microenvironment in northeast Leymus chinensis grassland. Plant Science Journal， 2003， 21（5）： 395-400.
	温明章，于丹，郭继勋. 凋落物层对东北羊草草原微环境的影响. 植物科学学报， 2003， 21（5）： 395-400.
20	Liu R， Chen F S， Fang X M， et al. Effects of litter addition and removal on soil hydrolytic enzyme activities and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry in Chinese fir plantation. Acta Ecologica Sinica， 2020， 40（16）： 5739-5750.
	刘仁，陈伏生，方向民，等. 凋落物添加和移除对杉木人工林土壤水解酶活性及其化学计量比的影响. 生态学报， 2020， 40（16）： 5739-5750.
21	Wei C C， Liu X F， Lin C F， et al. Response of soil enzyme activities to litter input changes in two secondary Castanopsis carlessii forests in subtropical China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology， 2018， 42（6）： 692-702.
	魏翠翠，刘小飞，林成芳，等. 凋落物输入改变对亚热带两种米槠次生林土壤酶活性的影响. 植物生态学报， 2018， 42（6）： 692-702.
22	Sayer E J， Heard M S， Grant H K， et al. Soil carbon release enhanced by increased tropical forest litterfall.Nature Climate Change， 2011，1（6）： 304-307.
23	Craig M E， Geyer K M， Beidler K V， et al. Fast-decaying plant litter enhances soil carbon in temperate forests but not through microbial physiological traits. Nature Communications， 2022， 13： 1229.
24	Xiao X Q， Zhang H K， Feng Y S， et al. Effects of plant residues on C∶N∶P of soil， microbial biomass， and extracellular enzyme in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau， China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology， 2023， 34（1）： 58-66.
	肖向前，张海阔，冯娅斯，等. 植物残体对青藏高原高寒草甸土壤、微生物和胞外酶C∶N∶P化学计量特征的影响. 应用生态学报， 2023， 34（1）： 58-66.
25	Zhang J， Zhou J， Lambers H， et al. Nitrogen and phosphorus addition exerted different influences on litter and soil carbon release in a tropical forest. Science of the Total Environment， 2022， 832： 155049.
26	Wang S Q， Yu G R. Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of ecosystem carbon， nitrogen and phosphorus elements. Acta Ecologica Sinica， 2008， 28（8）： 3937-3947.
	王绍强，于贵瑞. 生态系统碳氮磷元素的生态化学计量学特征. 生态学报， 2008， 28（8）： 3937-3947.
27	An H， Li G Q. Effects of grazing on carbon and nitrogen in plants and soils in a semiarid desert grassland， China. Journal of Arid Land， 2015， 7（3）： 341-349.
28	Tian H Q， Chen G S， Zhang C， et al. Pattern and variation of C∶N∶P ratios in China’s soils： a synthesis of observational data. Biogeochemistry， 2010， 98： 139-151.
29	Waring B G， Weintraub S R， Sinsabaugh R L， et al. Eco-enzymatic stoichiometry of microbial nutrient acquisition in tropical soils. Biogeochemistry， 2014， 117（1）： 101-113.
30	Qiao H， Mo X Q， Luo Y H， et al. Patterns of soil ecoenzymatic stoichiometry and its influencing factors during stand development in Camellia oleifera plantations. Acta Ecologica Sinica， 2019， 39（6）： 1887-1896.
	乔航，莫小勤，罗艳华，等. 不同林龄油茶人工林土壤酶化学计量及其影响因素. 生态学报， 2019， 39（6）： 1887-1896.
31	Wang L Y， Zhou G N， Zhu X Y， et al. Effects of litter on soil organic carbon and microbial functional diversity. Acta Ecologica Sinica， 2021， 41（7）： 2709-2718.
	王利彦，周国娜，朱新玉，等. 凋落物对土壤有机碳与微生物功能多样性的影响. 生态学报， 2021， 41（7）： 2709-2718.
32	Shi L J， Wang H M， Fu X L， et al. Soil enzyme activities and their stoichiometry of typical plantations in midsubtropical China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology， 2020， 31（6）： 1980-1988.
	史丽娟，王辉民，付晓莉，等. 中亚热带典型人工林土壤酶活性及其化学计量特征. 应用生态学报， 2020， 31（6）： 1980-1988.
33	Zhou S X， Huang C D， Xiang Y B， et al. Effects of reduced precipitation on litter decomposition in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in western China. Forest Ecology and Management， 2018， 430： 219-227.
34	Grosso F， Bååth E， De Nicola F. Bacterial and fungal growth on different plant litter in Mediterranean soils： effects of C/N ratio and soil pH. Applied Soil Ecology， 2016， 108： 1-7.
35	Tian M Y， Yu C J， Wang J K， et al. Effect of nitrogen additions on soil pH， phosphorus contents and phosphatase activities in grassland. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology， 2020， 31（9）： 2985-2992.
	田沐雨，于春甲，汪景宽，等. 氮添加对草地生态系统土壤pH，磷含量和磷酸酶活性的影响. 应用生态学报， 2020， 31（9）： 2985-2992.
36	Rutigliano F A， Castald S， D’Ascoli R， et al. Soil activities related to nitrogen cycle under three plant cover types in Mediterranean environment. Applied Soil Ecology， 2009， 43（1）： 40-46.
37	Sinsabaugh R L，Hill B H，Shah J J F， et al. Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry of microbial organic nutrient acquisition in soil and sediment. Nature， 2009， 462： 795-798.
38	Cleveland C C， Liptzin D. C∶N∶P stoichiometry in soil： Is there a “Redfield Ratio” for the microbial biomass？ Biogeochemistry， 2007， 85（3）： 235-252.
39	Yu Y F， Peng W X， Song T Q， et al. Stoichiometric characteristics of plant and soil C， N and P in different forest types in depressions between karst hills， southwest China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology， 2014， 25（4）： 947-954.
	俞月凤，彭晚霞，宋同清，等. 喀斯特峰丛洼地不同森林类型植物和土壤C、N、P化学计量特征. 应用生态学报， 2014， 25（4）： 947-954.
40	Zhang X X， Yang L M， Chen Z， et al. Patterns of ecoenzymatic stoichiometry on types of forest soils form different parent materials in subtropical areas. Acta Ecologica Sinica， 2018， 38（16）： 5828-5836.
	张星星，杨柳明，陈忠，等. 中亚热带不同母质和森林类型土壤生态酶化学计量特征. 生态学报， 2018， 38（16）： 5828-5836.
41	Xu Z， Yu G， Zhang X， et al. Soil enzyme activity and stoichiometry in forest ecosystems along the North-South Transect in Eastern China （NSTEC）. Soil Biology and Biochemistry， 2017， 104： 152-163.

处理Treatment	MC （g·L^-1）	pH		SWC （%）		SOC （g·kg^-1）		TN （g·kg^-1）		TP （g·kg^-1）		C/N		C/P		N/P
栾树 K.paniculata	0	6.16±0.04Aa		50.50±3.19Ba		132.96±12.85Aa		3.56±0.29Ba		0.08±0.01 Ca		37.40±2.35Aa		1775.07±242.84Aa		47.33±3.75Aa
	10	6.23±0.06Aa		54.35±2.66Ba		129.57±6.05Aa		7.98±0.85Aa		0.49±0.02Aa		16.36±1.85Ba		265.47±15.21Ba		16.41±2.60BCa
	20	6.26±0.07Aa		71.12±4.50Aa		139.47±1.38Aa		7.57±0.56Aa		0.53±0.08Aa		18.49±1.53Ba		267.20±44.33Ba		14.39±1.21Ca
	40	6.22±0.06Ab		57.03±9.63Ba		112.44±6.42Ba		6.91±0.85Aa		0.36±0.08Ba		16.49±2.77Ba		323.63±78.45Ba		19.45±1.64Ba
樱树 P.serrulata	0	6.16±0.04Ba		50.50±3.19Ba		132.96±12.85Aa		3.56±0.29Ca		0.08±0.01Ba		37.40±2.35Aa		1775.07±242.84Aa		47.33±3.75Aa
	10	6.27±0.06ABa		57.41±1.51Aa		118.37±2.75ABa		6.50±0.62Aa		0.47±0.07Aa		18.35±2.14Ba		254.76±42.12Ba		13.83±0.74Ba
	20	6.26±0.09ABa		56.76±1.97Ab		108.94±4.68Bb		4.98±0.51Bb		0.36±0.05Ab		22.07±3.08Ba		305.97±52.51Ba		13.84±0.96Ba
	40	6.36±0.07Aa		59.80±3.62Aa		90.30±7.76Cb		4.38±0.99BCb		0.37±0.09Aa		21.69±7.21Ba		259.19±88.83Ba		11.93±0.27Bb
自由度df		F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
T		3.28	0.09	1.37	0.26	24.51	***	36.61	***	3.35	0.09	3.84	0.07	0.03	0.87	8.40	**
MC		4.9	*	9.4	**	17.5	***	32.6	***	57.7	***	46.1	***	193.6	***	310.4	***
T×MC		1.79	0.19	5.14	*	4.23	*	4.95	*	2.97	0.06	0.66	0.59	0.16	0.92	3.47	*

处理Treatment	MC （g·L^-1）	pH		SWC （%）		SOC （g·kg^-1）		TN （g·kg^-1）		TP （g·kg^-1）		C/N		C/P		N/P
栾树 K.paniculata	0	6.16±0.04Aa		50.50±3.19Ba		132.96±12.85Aa		3.56±0.29Ba		0.08±0.01 Ca		37.40±2.35Aa		1775.07±242.84Aa		47.33±3.75Aa
	10	6.23±0.06Aa		54.35±2.66Ba		129.57±6.05Aa		7.98±0.85Aa		0.49±0.02Aa		16.36±1.85Ba		265.47±15.21Ba		16.41±2.60BCa
	20	6.26±0.07Aa		71.12±4.50Aa		139.47±1.38Aa		7.57±0.56Aa		0.53±0.08Aa		18.49±1.53Ba		267.20±44.33Ba		14.39±1.21Ca
	40	6.22±0.06Ab		57.03±9.63Ba		112.44±6.42Ba		6.91±0.85Aa		0.36±0.08Ba		16.49±2.77Ba		323.63±78.45Ba		19.45±1.64Ba
樱树 P.serrulata	0	6.16±0.04Ba		50.50±3.19Ba		132.96±12.85Aa		3.56±0.29Ca		0.08±0.01Ba		37.40±2.35Aa		1775.07±242.84Aa		47.33±3.75Aa
	10	6.27±0.06ABa		57.41±1.51Aa		118.37±2.75ABa		6.50±0.62Aa		0.47±0.07Aa		18.35±2.14Ba		254.76±42.12Ba		13.83±0.74Ba
	20	6.26±0.09ABa		56.76±1.97Ab		108.94±4.68Bb		4.98±0.51Bb		0.36±0.05Ab		22.07±3.08Ba		305.97±52.51Ba		13.84±0.96Ba
	40	6.36±0.07Aa		59.80±3.62Aa		90.30±7.76Cb		4.38±0.99BCb		0.37±0.09Aa		21.69±7.21Ba		259.19±88.83Ba		11.93±0.27Bb
自由度df		F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
T		3.28	0.09	1.37	0.26	24.51	***	36.61	***	3.35	0.09	3.84	0.07	0.03	0.87	8.40	**
MC		4.9	*	9.4	**	17.5	***	32.6	***	57.7	***	46.1	***	193.6	***	310.4	***
T×MC		1.79	0.19	5.14	*	4.23	*	4.95	*	2.97	0.06	0.66	0.59	0.16	0.92	3.47	*

[1]	Dong ZHANG, Chen HOU, Wen-ming MA, Chang-ting WANG, Zhuo-ma DENGZENG, Ting ZHANG. Study on soil enzyme activities under shrub encroachment gradients in alpine grassland [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(9): 79-92.
[2]	Song-ke MA, Ke HUO, Dong-xia ZHANG, Jing ZHANG, Jun-hao ZHANG, Xue-ru CHAI, He-zheng WANG. Effects of maize straw return combined with nitrogen on soil enzyme activity and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in western dryland wheat fields of Henan Province [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(6): 120-133.
[3]	Zhi-ting WANG, Ting-xi LIU, Xin TONG, Li-min DUAN, Dong-fang LI, Xiao-yong LIU. Changes in vegetation characteristics and soil enzyme activities under different treatments in semi-arid meadow grassland [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(3): 41-55.
[4]	Wen-ming MA, Chao-wen LIU, Qing-ping ZHOU, Zhuo-ma DENGzeng, Si-hong TANG, Diliyaer·mohetaer, Chen HOU. Effects of shrub encroachment on soil aggregate ecological stoichiometry and enzyme activity in alpine grassland [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(1): 57-68.
[5]	Fen-sheng CHENG, Long-hui YOU, Jin-lin YU, Hui-chang XU, Hui-ming YOU, Sen NIE, Jian-min LI, Gong-fu YE. Effects of cold-season green manure on soil biochemical properties and the microbial community in a Castanea henryi orchard， China [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(11): 62-75.
[6]	Shi-jing ZHOU, Jia-ning LUO, Zhong-miao LIU, Chao DONG, Yan QIN, Shu-juan WU, Hong-jun GAN, Fei XIE, Guang-hui ZHUANG, Bing-zhe FU, De-cao NIU. The effects of Vicia sativa planting density on soil microbial nutrient metabolism [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(10): 63-72.
[7]	ZONG Wen-zhen, GUO Jia-hao, JIA Yun-long, ZHENG Yong-xing, YANG Xu, HU Fang-di, WANG Jing. Advances in research on the roles of tannins in plant-soil nitrogen cycling [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(7): 174-183.
[8]	FENG Jun, SHI Chao, MEN Sheng-nan, Hafiz Athar Hussain, KE Jian-hong, Linna Cholidah, CHEN Jin-fen, GUO Xin, WU Hai-yan, RAN Tai-lin, XIANG Xin-hua, WANG Long-chang. Effects of water and fertilizer saving techniques on soil nutrient levels and enzyme activities under two different seasons with contrasting rainfall patterns [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(4): 51-62.
[9]	ZHANG Jian-jun, DANG Yi, ZHAO Gang, WANG Lei, FAN Ting-lu, LI Shang-zhong, LEI Kang-ning. Effect of no-tillage with film and stubble residues on soil nutrients, microbial populations and enzyme activity in dryland maize fields [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(2): 123-133.
[10]	LI Guo-qi, ZHAO Pan-pan, SHAO Wen-shan, JIN Chang-qing. Studies on the soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities of two fenced plant communities in desert steppe grassland [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(7): 49-59.
[11]	LIU Jing, XIE Wan-yu, ZHANG Qiao-ming, XU Shao-jun. Leaf decomposition and nutrient release characteristics of different plant species in the Loess Hilly region [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(9): 25-33.
[12]	LI Wen-bin, NING Chu-han, XU Meng, LIU Run-jin, GUO Shao-xia. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Festuca elata can improve fertility of compacted soil [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(11): 131-141.
[13]	QI Juan, YAO Tuo, BAI Xiao-Ming, GAO Meng-Ying, MENG Xiang-Jun. Impacts on alfalfa productivity and soil fertility of partially replacing phosphate fertilizers with microbial fertilizers [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(10): 118-128.
[14]	LI Qian, YANG Shui-Ping, CUI Guang-Lin, HUANG Jian-Guo, LI Long-Yun, CHENG Yu-Yuan. Microbial biomass, enzyme activity and composition of the fungal community in rhizospheric soil cropped with Artemisia annua for several years [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(1): 34-42.
[15]	QIN Yan, HE Feng, TONG Zong-Yong, CHEN Bao-Rui, LI Xiang-Lin. Influence of cutting interval on soil enzyme activity and nutrients in Leymus chinensis meadow [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(4): 55-62.