Allelopathic effects of Rhus typhina tillering seedlings on seed germination and seedling growth of three common turf species

doi:10.11686/cyxb2023204

Abstract

Abstract:

We aimed to clarify the allelopathic effects of Chinese sumac （Rhus typhina） seedlings on common turf species and the underlying mechanisms of such effects. Three common turf species， namely Trifolium repens， Festuca arundinacea， and Lolium perenne， were cultivated in sand， and were treated with aqueous extracts of the root， bark， and leaf of R. typhina tillering seedlings. Seed germination， seedling growth， and physiological traits such as chlorophyll content， root activity， and antioxidant indexes were measured for all of the turf species. Aqueous extracts of the root， bark， and leaf of R. typhina were prepared at three concentrations： 12.5， 25.0， and 50.0 g·L^-1 （dry weight/volume_water）. A principal component analysis was used to calculate the integrated principal component value （F） based on the allelopathic effects of each extract on each index. These values were then used to assess the comprehensive inhibitory effects of each treatment on each turf species. The results indicated that the allelopathic effects of R. typhina extracts on the turf species were significantly affected by the organ the extract was prepared from， the concentration of the extract， and the type of turf species being treated， and there were significant interactions among these factors （P<0.05）. All T. repens seedlings died after being treated with any of the extracts at any concentration. The seed germination and seedling growth of F. arundinacea were significantly inhibited by the root， bark， and leaf extracts of R. typhina. The effect of the root extract did not change as its concentration increased， but the inhibitory effects of bark and leaf extracts increased as their concentrations increased， with the F value decreasing by 1.07-2.77. The leaf and bark extracts of R. typhina had stronger inhibitory effects on F. arundinacea than did the root extract at the same concentration， with F values 0.98-3.23 lower in the leaf and bark extract treatments than in the root extract treatments. The inhibitory effects of R. typhina root and bark extracts on L. perenne first increased and then decreased as their concentrations increased. However， the inhibitory effect of the R. typhina leaf extract continuously increased as its concentration increased， with the F value decreasing by 1.11. In addition， extracts from all organs exhibited greater inhibitory effects on L. perenne than on F. arundinacea， with F values that were 0.64-2.96 lower in L. perenne than in F. arundinacea. Generally， the leaf extracts had stronger inhibitory effects than the root and bark extracts at concentrations of 12.5 and 50.0 g·L^-1， with F values that were 0.44-1.55 lower in the leaf extract treatments than in the root and bark extract treatments. However， the bark extract had a stronger inhibitory effect than the leaf and root extracts at a concentration of 25.0 g·L^-1， with F values that were 0.51-0.69 lower in the bark extract treatments than in the leaf and root extract treatments. In conclusion， these results show that F. arundinacea is the most suitable of the three tested turf species to be planted under R. typhina， and T. repens should be avoided.

Key words: allelopathic effects, Rhus typhina seedlings, organs, turfgrass

Xiao-xi ZHANG, Jia-wei HU, Xing WANG, Jiang-wen LI, Kai-xuan LIU, Ling-su CHEN, Yu-xin DONG, Zi-quan WANG, Jin-qiang CHEN. Allelopathic effects of Rhus typhina tillering seedlings on seed germination and seedling growth of three common turf species[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(4): 47-59.

Figures/Tables 7

References 38

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影响因素 Factors	发芽率Germination rate （%）		发芽指数Germination index
影响因素 Factors	F	P	F	P
受体植物 Receiver plant （R）	1.547	0.220	50.553	<0.001
供体器官 Organs （O）	3.354	0.043	11.469	<0.001
浓度 Concentration （C）	42.425	<0.001	11.166	<0.001
R×O	8.637	0.001	3.011	0.024
R×C	3.954	0.013	0.766	0.599
O×C	1.690	0.144	2.634	0.023
R×O×C	1.254	0.296	0.689	0.757

影响因素 Factors	发芽率Germination rate （%）		发芽指数Germination index
影响因素 Factors	F	P	F	P
受体植物 Receiver plant （R）	1.547	0.220	50.553	<0.001
供体器官 Organs （O）	3.354	0.043	11.469	<0.001
浓度 Concentration （C）	42.425	<0.001	11.166	<0.001
R×O	8.637	0.001	3.011	0.024
R×C	3.954	0.013	0.766	0.599
O×C	1.690	0.144	2.634	0.023
R×O×C	1.254	0.296	0.689	0.757

浸提液 Extracts	浓度Concentration （g·L^-1）	发芽率Germination rate （%）			发芽指数Germination index
浸提液 Extracts	浓度Concentration （g·L^-1）	白三叶T.r.	苇状羊茅F.a.	多年生黑麦草L.p.	白三叶T.r.	苇状羊茅F.a.	多年生黑麦草L.p.
对照CK	0	0.87±0.03a	0.85±0.01abc	0.95±0.02ab	11.24±0.81ab	5.50±0.40a	9.94±0.50a
根Root	12.5	0.72±0.06b	0.88±0.02ab	0.94±0.01ab	9.85±1.66abc	4.58±0.28ab	7.96±0.83ab
	25.0	0.83±0.02a	0.87±0.05ab	0.89±0.02bc	13.36±4.96a	4.57±0.18ab	7.68±1.20abc
	50.0	0.86±0.03a	0.87±0.03ab	0.94±0.01ab	11.23±1.85ab	4.65±0.35ab	9.22±1.63a
皮Bark	12.5	0.79±0.04ab	0.94±0.03a	0.91±0.02abc	7.90±0.97bc	4.42±0.12bc	8.46±1.36ab
	25.0	0.84±0.02a	0.82±0.04bc	0.89±0.02bc	5.54±0.24c	3.40±0.26c	5.40±0.25c
	50.0	0.80±0.00ab	0.83±0.03bc	0.91±0.04abc	5.10±0.06c	3.41±0.10c	5.51±0.32c
叶Leaf	12.5	0.85±0.07a	0.82±0.01bc	0.92±0.01abc	7.10±0.65bc	4.12±0.21bc	6.50±0.43bc
	25.0	0.76±0.07ab	0.77±0.04c	0.96±0.02a	6.32±1.20bc	3.63±0.38bc	6.45±0.22bc
	50.0	0.85±0.01a	0.83±0.05bc	0.87±0.03c	6.42±0.61bc	4.00±0.78bc	6.73±0.74bc

浸提液 Extracts	浓度Concentration （g·L^-1）	发芽率Germination rate （%）			发芽指数Germination index
浸提液 Extracts	浓度Concentration （g·L^-1）	白三叶T.r.	苇状羊茅F.a.	多年生黑麦草L.p.	白三叶T.r.	苇状羊茅F.a.	多年生黑麦草L.p.
对照CK	0	0.87±0.03a	0.85±0.01abc	0.95±0.02ab	11.24±0.81ab	5.50±0.40a	9.94±0.50a
根Root	12.5	0.72±0.06b	0.88±0.02ab	0.94±0.01ab	9.85±1.66abc	4.58±0.28ab	7.96±0.83ab
	25.0	0.83±0.02a	0.87±0.05ab	0.89±0.02bc	13.36±4.96a	4.57±0.18ab	7.68±1.20abc
	50.0	0.86±0.03a	0.87±0.03ab	0.94±0.01ab	11.23±1.85ab	4.65±0.35ab	9.22±1.63a
皮Bark	12.5	0.79±0.04ab	0.94±0.03a	0.91±0.02abc	7.90±0.97bc	4.42±0.12bc	8.46±1.36ab
	25.0	0.84±0.02a	0.82±0.04bc	0.89±0.02bc	5.54±0.24c	3.40±0.26c	5.40±0.25c
	50.0	0.80±0.00ab	0.83±0.03bc	0.91±0.04abc	5.10±0.06c	3.41±0.10c	5.51±0.32c
叶Leaf	12.5	0.85±0.07a	0.82±0.01bc	0.92±0.01abc	7.10±0.65bc	4.12±0.21bc	6.50±0.43bc
	25.0	0.76±0.07ab	0.77±0.04c	0.96±0.02a	6.32±1.20bc	3.63±0.38bc	6.45±0.22bc
	50.0	0.85±0.01a	0.83±0.05bc	0.87±0.03c	6.42±0.61bc	4.00±0.78bc	6.73±0.74bc

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