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The effects of long-term fertilization on crop yields and farmland nutrient equilibrium
- LI Xin-wang, MEN Ming-xin, WANG Shu-tao, QI Yue-pu, XU Hao
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2009, 18(1):
9-16.
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Yield response and farmland nutrient equilibrium were studied in fluvo-aquic soils of the North China Plain, and the results provided a theoretical basis for high yield-high efficiency and sustainable development of grain production on a field-block scale. Fertilization treatments were used in a long-term experiment to study yield response and farmland nutrient equilibrium. The 7-year fertilization experiment to study crop responses and farmland nutrient showed that for wheat the 7-year mean yields ratio of treatments CK, P2K2, N2K2, and N2P2 to N2P2K2 were 25.5%, 34.5%, 43.3%, and 83.2% respectively while those for maize were 42.3%, 52.7%, 70.6%, and 76.2%. The N supply capacity of fluvo-aquic soils in the absence of N fertilizer declined to 59% of the original in the first year investigated, fell to 43% in the second year, and then fluctuated around 40% in the following years. Without P fertilizer application, soil P capacity decreased to 72% in the first year, fell to 55% in the third year, and then fluctuated around 55%. The K supply capacity without K fertilizer addition changed from 93% in the first year to about 76% in the 7th year of the experiment. The best treatments of farmland N equilibrium were N2P1K2 and N2P2K1, of P was N2P1K2, of K was P2K2, and of N,P,K was N2P1K2. The cumulative apparent recovery rates of N,P,K fertilizers on crops of wheat and maize were 44.3%, 31.2%, 53.0% and 40.8%, 28.9%, 50.3% respectively. There were significant correlations between amount of fertilizer and yield response. N was the main limiting factor for crop yield, then P and K. The better treatment for farmland N,P,K equilibrium was N2P1K2.
