基于群落结构及土壤理化性质对围封7年青藏高原东南缘高山草地的综合评价

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018084

草业学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (12): 1-11.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2018084

基于群落结构及土壤理化性质对围封7年青藏高原东南缘高山草地的综合评价

周天阳^{1, 2}, 高景^{1, 3}, 王金牛^{1, *}, 孙建⁴, 徐波⁵, 薛晶月^{1, 2}, 贺俊东^{1, 2}, 谢雨¹, 吴彦^{1, *}

1.中国科学院成都生物研究所,四川成都 610041;
2.中国科学院大学生命科学学院,北京 101408;
3.华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院,上海 200241;
4.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101;
5.阿坝师范学院资源与环境学院,四川阿坝623002

收稿日期:2018-01-31 修回日期:2018-04-27 出版日期:2018-12-20 发布日期:2018-12-20
通讯作者: E-mail:wangjn@cib.ac.cn,wuyan@cib.ac.cn
作者简介:周天阳(1993-)，男，四川雅安人，在读硕士。E-mail: 415941501@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41661144045、31400389）和中国博士后科学基金（2014M552385）资助。

Effects of 7-year enclosure on an alpine meadow at the south-eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau based on community structure and soil physico-chemical properties

ZHOU Tian-yang^{1, 2}, GAO Jing^{1, 3}, WANG Jin-niu^{1, *}, SUN Jian⁴, XU Bo⁵, XUE Jing-yue^{1, 2}, HE Jun-dong^{1, 2}, XIE Yu¹, WU Yan^{1, *}

1.Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;
2.College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China;
3.School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
4.Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
5. College of Resources and Environment, Aba Teachers University, Aba 623002, China

Received:2018-01-31 Revised:2018-04-27 Online:2018-12-20 Published:2018-12-20
Contact: E-mail:wangjn@cib.ac.cn,wuyan@cib.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 过度放牧作为青藏高原长期存在的人为干扰方式,严重地破坏了高山草地生态系统的结构及其功能。简便有效的围栏封育方式广泛应用于退化草地的修复过程中,但其修复效果存在两面性,因此系统科学地评估草地围封后的质量状况至关重要。本研究针对围封7年的青藏高原东南缘退化高山草地,基于围栏与放牧处理之间的草地群落生物量、物种多样性及土壤理化性质的差异对比,对草地质量进行了综合评估。结果表明:1)通过围栏修复7年后,围栏内大部分土壤理化指标有所改善,但仅有硝态氮含量差异达到显著水平;2)围栏内地上生物量和凋落物量均显著高于放牧区,分别增加了35.73%和65.75%,而围栏内外的物种多样性无显著性变化;3)采用主成分分析法对土壤质量进行评估,发现围栏内土壤质量有所改善,其综合得分(0.1)高于放牧区(-0.02),同时利用草地各项指标的变化与其权重值之间的关系对草地进行综合质量评估,发现围封7年后草地综合质量得到一定程度的恢复(相对得分为0.209),更多归因于土壤理化性质的改善。研究表明,围栏7年后退化高山草地质量有所提高。针对其修复作用的时效性,需实际应用中定期评估草地的修复状况,以达到围栏的最优实施效果。

关键词: 围栏, 放牧, 草地质量, 土壤理化性质, 群落生物量, 物种多样性

Abstract: Over-grazing on the Tibetan Plateau is a human disturbance that has occurred for a long time. It has seriously harmed the structure, function, and services of the alpine meadow ecosystem. Because of its simplicity and effectiveness, enclosure has been widely used for the restoration of deteriorated grassland. However, it can have positive and negative effects, so it is vital to assess the quality of grassland under enclosure systematically and scientifically. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the quality of an alpine meadow after 7 years of enclosure. The quality of the alpine meadow was analyzed by determining community biomass, species biodiversity, and soil physico-chemical properties. After 7 years of enclosure, most of the indexes related to soil physico-chemical properties had improved to a certain extent, but only nitrate N had increased significantly (by almost double). Community biomass and plant litter were 35.73% and 65.75% greater, respectively, in the enclosed area than in the grazed area. However, there was no significant difference in species diversity between the enclosed and grazed areas. A principal component analysis showed that the soil quality was better in the enclosed area than in the grazed area (mean comprehensive scores of 0.1 and -0.02, respectively). The effects of various factors on meadow quality were evaluated by analyzing the association between biomass weight values and certain indexes. The meadow quality was restored after 7 years of enclosure, and this was largely due to improved soil physico-chemical properties. In summary, enclosure plays a positive role in restoring deteriorated alpine meadow. Further studies should assess the restoration effect of enclosure on deteriorated grassland at regular intervals to understand the timing and duration of its restorative effects.

Key words: fence, grazing, grassland quality, soil physic-chemical properties, community biomass, species diversity

周天阳, 高景, 王金牛, 孙建, 徐波, 薛晶月, 贺俊东, 谢雨, 吴彦. 基于群落结构及土壤理化性质对围封7年青藏高原东南缘高山草地的综合评价[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(12): 1-11.

ZHOU Tian-yang, GAO Jing, WANG Jin-niu, SUN Jian, XU Bo, XUE Jing-yue, HE Jun-dong, XIE Yu, WU Yan. Effects of 7-year enclosure on an alpine meadow at the south-eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau based on community structure and soil physico-chemical properties[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(12): 1-11.

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基于群落结构及土壤理化性质对围封7年青藏高原东南缘高山草地的综合评价

Effects of 7-year enclosure on an alpine meadow at the south-eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau based on community structure and soil physico-chemical properties

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