苗期低温胁迫下烯效唑对红小豆根系抗寒生理及产量的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019052

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨烯效唑(S₃₃₀₇)在寒地红小豆生长中缓解低温伤害、保护根系的作用,建立红小豆抗冷生产技术体系,达到保产增产的目的,在盆栽条件下,以两个红小豆品种宝清红(耐冷型品种)和天津红(冷敏型品种)为材料,于苗期在人工气候室进行低温(15 ℃,分别持续1,2,3,4,5 d)和叶面喷施20 mg·L^-1S₃₃₀₇处理,对红小豆根系抗寒生理指标、产量及不同温度敏感性红小豆品种的S₃₃₀₇响应差异进行测定和分析。结果表明,幼苗期低温导致红小豆根系逆境生理指标发生变化,低温诱导SOD、POD和CAT活性的增强,引起可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量的提高,同时也促使MDA含量上升,最终导致红小豆产量下降。与常温条件相比,喷施清水的宝清红和天津红,低温处理3 d时,可溶性糖含量分别提高了59.21%和52.57%;脯氨酸含量分别提高了10.12%和25.39%;SOD、POD和CAT活性分别提高了14.92%和11.01%、5.93%和0.75%、53.33%和13.33%。低温处理5 d时,可溶性蛋白含量分别提高了6.27%和3.15%;MDA含量分别显著提高了45.41%和51.08%、产量分别显著下降了19.39%和41.69%。低温条件下,喷施S₃₃₀₇与喷施清水的宝清红和天津红相比较,处理3 d时,可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量分别提高了22.01%和0.46%、8.55%和1.40%;SOD活性分别提高了13.45%和24.06%、POD活性分别显著提高了23.60%和15.95%,CAT活性分别提高了4.35%和5.88%。处理5 d时,MDA含量分别降低了9.05%和4.37%;产量分别显著提高23.06%和43.88%。综上,S₃₃₀₇通过增加可溶性物质和脯氨酸的含量,提高保护酶活性,降低MDA含量,从而缓解低温伤害,进而降低低温对红小豆造成的产量影响。

关键词: 低温, 烯效唑, 红小豆, 根系, 抗寒生理, 产量

Abstract: This study investigated the effect of a uniconazole (S₃₃₀₇) spray on cold resistance of adzuki bean in a pot experiment in an artificial climate chamber. Cold tolerant and cold sensitive cultivars Baoqinghong and Tianjinhong, respectively, were selected for study. Regulation of chilling injury and protection of the root system were key points of interest. A low temperature treatment (15 ℃) and spraying of S₃₃₀₇ (20 mg·L^-1) were imposed during plant establishment. The 15 ℃ low temperature treatment was applied for durations of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 days. Data collected for the two cultivars included root physical data and physiological indicators. Qualitatively, low temperature treatment increased soluble sugar and proline contents, enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content. However, the low temperature decreased adzuki bean yield. Quantitatively, soluble sugar and proline levels, and SOD, POD, and CAT activities after 3 days of low temperature exposure were increased for Baoqinghong and Tianjinhong cultivars by: 59.21% and 52.57%, 10.12% and 25.39%, 14.92% and 11.01%, 5.93% and 0.75%, and 53.33% and 13.33%, respectively, compared with regular temperature treatment. Meanwhile, values for the adzuki bean soluble protein contents after 5 days of low temperature exposure for the two cultivars were significantly increased, by 6.27% and 3.15%, respectively, and corresponding increases for MDA content were 45.41% and 51.08%. Yield decreases compared with controls were, respectively, 19.39% and 41.69% for Baoqinghong and Tianjinhon cultivars. By comparison, after 3 days low temperature exposure following spraying with S₃₃₀₇ soluble sugar, proline, SOD, POD and CAT parameters of Baoqinghong and Tianjinhong were increased by 22.01% and 0.46%, 8.55% and 1.40%, 13.45% and 24.06%, 23.60% and 15.95%, and 4.35% and 5.88%, respectively, compared with controls; while MDA yield after 5 days low temperature exposure was decreased by 9.05% and 4.37%, and yield was decreased by 23.06% and 43.88%. In conclusion, the chilling injury of adzuki bean was ameliorated by spraying of S₃₃₀₇ treatment and yield loss was decreased, which was linked to increased levels of soluble sugar and proline, increased activities SOD, PAD and CAT, and decreased the content of MDA.

Key words: low temperature, uniconazole, adzuki bean, root, chilling resistance, yield

项洪涛, 李琬, 何宁, 王雪扬, 郑殿峰, 王彤彤, 梁晓艳, 唐晓东, 李一丹. 苗期低温胁迫下烯效唑对红小豆根系抗寒生理及产量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(7): 92-102.

XIANG Hong-tao, LI Wan, HE Ning, WANG Xue-yang, ZHENG Dian-feng, WANG Tong-tong, LIANG Xiao-yan, TANG Xiao-dong, LI Yi-dan. Effects of S₃₃₀₇ on physiology of chilling resistance in root and on yield of adzuki bean under low temperature stress during seedling stage[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(7): 92-102.

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