陌上菅对三种禾本科植物的化感潜势研究

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019294

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究长江中下游通江湖泊消落带优势种陌上菅的占优机制,以3种湿地常见的禾本科植物黑麦草、狗牙根、虉草作为受体植物,探讨了陌上菅对消落带常见禾本科伴生种的化感潜势。采用培养皿发芽试验和苗期盆栽试验,分析陌上菅浸提液对受试植物种子萌发、幼苗形态指标、抗氧化酶活性以及丙二醛含量的影响。结果表明:与对照(CK)相比,陌上菅浸提液显著抑制了3种受体植物种子的发芽率、发芽势以及胚根胚芽的生长。100 g·L^-1陌上菅叶片甲醇浸提液和水浸提液处理对3种受体植物发芽率的抑制率均高于95%。相同浓度条件下,陌上菅甲醇浸提液对种子萌发的抑制作用高于水浸提液。陌上菅显著影响了黑麦草和虉草幼苗生长发育。陌上菅浸提液处理下,黑麦草和虉草的根叶比相较CK显著降低(P<0.05),两种受体植物根系和叶片中的丙二醛(MDA)含量随浸提液浓度升高而升高。黑麦草超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈先升后降趋势。综上所述,陌上菅对3种禾本科植物萌发以及黑麦草和虉草幼苗生长均具有一定的抑制作用,其中虉草对陌上菅浸提液响应最敏感。陌上菅对3种伴生禾本科植物的化感潜势可能是导致陌上菅成为优势种群的原因之一。

关键词: 陌上菅, 消落带, 化感作用, 湿地, 优势种

Abstract: Vegetation communities of the Yangtze river-lake floodplain zone subject to water-level fluctuation have been observed to gradually evolve into a mono-specific stand of Carex thunbergii. This study aimed to determine if there is evidence for allelopathy as one of the mechanisms mediating the observed plant community transition. We studied the effects of C. thunbergii extracts on seed germination, seedling growth and antioxidant activity of three accompanying Poaceae species (Lolium perenne, Cynodon dactylon, Phalaris arundinacea). It was found that the extracts of C. thunbergii significantly inhibited the germination rate, germination potential, radicle length and germ length of the three tested grass species. Inhibition of seed germination rate was >95% at the highest extract concentration, for all three tested grasses. At the same concentration, a methanol extract of C. thunbergii had more inhibitory effect than an aqueous extract. The seedling growth was significantly affected by C. thunbergii extracts, and the root:leaf ratio was significantly lower than for control seedlings. Levels of malondialdehyde in L. perenne and P. arundinacea increased with the concentration of extract. The activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in L. perenne initially rose, then fell, increasing concentration of C. thunbergii extract. Our results show that C. thunbergii has potential for allelopathic inhibition of seed germination of the three tested grasses and inhibition of seedling growth of L. perenne and P. arundinacea. Our findings indicate that allelopathy may play a role in the dominance of C. thunbergii in Shengjin Lake.

Key words: Carex thunbergii, water-level fluctuation zone, allelopathy, wetland, dominant species

张金羽, 周忠泽, 叶晓馨. 陌上菅对三种禾本科植物的化感潜势研究[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(3): 103-111.

ZHANG Jin-yu, ZHOU Zhong-ze, YE Xiao-xin. Allelopathic potential of Carex thunbergii against three Poaceae species[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(3): 103-111.

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