鬼针草与含羞草化感作用及其入侵性的研究

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019480

草业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 81-91.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2019480

鬼针草与含羞草化感作用及其入侵性的研究

王桔红¹, 史生晶², 陈文^3,*, 李云¹, 崔现亮⁴

1.韩山师范学院食品工程与生物科技学院,广东潮州 521041;
2.西北师范大学生命科学学院,甘肃兰州 730070;
3.韩山师范学院地理与旅游管理学院,广东潮州521041;
4.普洱学院生物与化学学院,云南普洱 665000

收稿日期:2019-11-06 修回日期:2019-12-20 出版日期:2020-04-20 发布日期:2020-04-20
通讯作者: E-mail: cyw1018@sina.com
作者简介:王桔红(1963-),女,河北无极人,教授。E-mail: wjuh1918@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31770584)和广东省教育厅特色创新科研项目(2016KTSCX086)资助

Allelopathy and invasiveness of Bidens pilosa and Mimosa pudica

WANG Ju-hong¹, SHI Sheng-jing², CHEN Wen^3,*, LI Yun¹, CUI Xian-liang⁴

1.College of Food Technology and Life Science, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, China;
2.College of Life Sciences, Northwestern Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
3.College of Geography and Tourism Management, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, China;
4.College of Biology and Chemistry, Puer University, Puer 665000, China

Received:2019-11-06 Revised:2019-12-20 Online:2020-04-20 Published:2020-04-20
Contact: E-mail: cyw1018@sina.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用培养皿滤纸法研究入侵植物鬼针草与含羞草根、茎、叶浸提液对种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,从化感角度揭示外来植物的入侵机制。结果表明:1)鬼针草根、茎、叶浸提液随浓度升高显著抑制鬼针草和含羞草种子萌发,高浓度(0.04 g·mL^-1)的叶浸提液使萌发率降低了67%~87%;高浓度(0.04 g·mL^-1)的含羞草叶浸提液使其种子萌发率降低了21.7%,但对鬼针草种子萌发影响较小。2)鬼针草和含羞草根长随2种植物根、茎、叶浸提液浓度的升高而降低,尤其是高浓度的叶浸提液有较强抑制效应。3)各浓度的鬼针草根、茎、叶浸提液均能降低含羞草茎长,高浓度的叶浸提液抑制效应最强;高浓度(0.04 g·mL^-1)的含羞草茎和叶浸提液抑制鬼针草茎长,中等浓度(0.02~0.03 g·mL^-1)的根和叶浸提液促进鬼针草茎长;含羞草各器官浸提液对其茎长的抑制作用随浓度增大略有增强。4)鬼针草各器官浸提液(尤其叶浸提液)抑制自身根冠比,促进含羞草根冠比;含羞草各器官浸提液轻微降低自身根冠比,显著降低鬼针草根冠比。5)鬼针草对自身种子萌发率、根长及根冠比的化感强度大于鬼针草他感强度;鬼针草对含羞草茎长的化感强度大于其自感强度,也大于含羞草他感强度;含羞草对鬼针草根长及根冠比的化感强度大于其自感强度,也大于鬼针草他感强度。鬼针草主要通过抑制含羞草茎长,增强入侵性,而含羞草主要通过抑制鬼针草根的生长,增大竞争力。

关键词: 鬼针草, 含羞草, 化感作用, 入侵机制

Abstract: This research aimed to determine the allelopathic effect of the invasion mechanism of the exotic plants Bidens pilosa and Mimosa pudica. The effects of extracts from the roots, stems and leaves of both B. pilosa and M. pudica on seed germination and seedling growth (root length, stem length and root∶shoot ratio) were studied using a petri dish filter paper method. It was found that: 1) B. pilosa extracts had a large concentration dependent effect on the seed germination of both B. pilosa and M. pudica, with leaf extracts being the most potent (67%-87% germination inhibition at the highest tested concentration). M. pudica leaf extracts at high concentration reduced germination of their own seeds by 21.7% but had no significant effect on germination of B. pilosa seeds. 2) Root, stem and leaf extracts (but especially leaf extracts) of both species all induced a concentration dependent reduction in root length of their own seedlings and of the other species. 3) Root, stem and leaf extracts of B. pilosa strongly reduced stem length of M. pudica at all tested concentrations. Only stem and leaf extracts of M. pudica at high concentrations showed any allelopathic effect on stem length of B. pilosa. Root and leaf extracts of M. pudica at medium concentrations enhanced stem growth of B. pilosa. M. pudica extracts had a moderate, concentration dependent autotoxicity effect on their own seedling stem length. For B. pilosa, only leaf extracts at high concentration reduced stem length of their own seedlings. 4) B. pilosa extracts (especially leaf extract) induced a strong concentration dependent reduction of root∶shoot ratio of their own seedlings while all three extracts enhanced root∶shoot ratio of M. pudica seedlings. M. pudica extracts caused only a mild reduction in root∶shoot ratio of their own seedings, but a substantial reduction in root∶shoot ratio of B. pilosa seedlings. 5) An index of allelopathic or autotoxicity intensity was calculated from the data. Autotoxicity intensity of B. pilosa on its own seed germination rate, root length and root-shoot ratio was greater than that of M. pudica, while the allelopathy intensity of B. pilosa on the stem length of M. pudica was greater than that of M. pudica on B. pilosa, and was also greater than its autotoxicity intensity. The intensity of allelopathic effects of M. pudica on the root length and root∶shoot ratio of B. pilosa was greater than the self-inhibition of B. pilosa, and was greater than its self-toxicity intensity. B. pilosa mainly inhibited the stem length of M. pudica to enhance its invasiveness, while M. pudica mainly inhibited the growth of B. pilosa roots to increase its competitiveness.

Key words: Bidens pilosa, Mimosa pudica, allelopathy, intrusion mechanism

王桔红, 史生晶, 陈文, 李云, 崔现亮. 鬼针草与含羞草化感作用及其入侵性的研究[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(4): 81-91.

WANG Ju-hong, SHI Sheng-jing, CHEN Wen, LI Yun, CUI Xian-liang. Allelopathy and invasiveness of Bidens pilosa and Mimosa pudica[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(4): 81-91.

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鬼针草与含羞草化感作用及其入侵性的研究

Allelopathy and invasiveness of Bidens pilosa and Mimosa pudica

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