不同封育年限对宁夏荒漠草原土壤粒径及碳氮储量的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019373

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 封育禁牧的时间效应已经成为科学和政府决策关注的焦点,研究以宁夏盐池县典型荒漠草原围封6、10、15年样地的围栏内外2种主要土壤类型——灰钙土和风沙土为研究对象,基于样线调查法及方差分析法,探究不同封育年限对荒漠草原颗粒组成及土壤碳氮储量的影响。结果表明:1)封育会导致灰钙土及风沙土土壤细颗粒含量增加,灰钙土封育6年样地土壤细颗粒较围栏外增加量最明显,后随封育年限的增加而呈现增幅减少的趋势;风沙土封育15年样地围栏内土壤细颗粒增加量高于封育6年样地。2)灰钙土及风沙土封育6年样地均表现为围栏内土壤碳氮(有机碳、全碳、全氮)含量高于围栏外,而围封10年及15年样地围栏内外土壤碳氮含量没有明显差异。3)灰钙土围封6年样地围栏内土壤碳氮比高于围栏外,而围封10年及15年样地无此规律,围封不会影响风沙土土壤碳氮比。围封可以有效使土壤颗粒细化,但不同土质对封育年限的响应有所差异,人工封育的最佳时间尺度应根据草原退化程度和草原不同土壤条件而定。

关键词: 封育年限, 荒漠草原, 典型土壤, 粒径组成, 碳氮储量

Abstract: The time course of soil and vegetation changes after fencing for grazing prohibition has become a research focus of the science community and research results are used by the Chinese government for decision-making in land use planning. This study investigated the effects of fencing and grazing exclusion for 6, 10, 15 years on soil ped size distribution and on soil carbon and nitrogen storage in sierozem and aeolian sandy soil types of typical desert grassland in Yanchi County, Ningxia Autonomous Region. It was found that: 1) Fencing increased the content of fine peds in both sierozem and aeolian soil types. In the sierozem soil, structure change characterized by an increase in fine peds was most obvious after 6 years and then decreased with increasing time fenced. By contrast, in the aeolian soil the incidence of fine peds was greater at the site fenced for 15 year than at the site fenced for 6 years. 2) The contents of carbon and nitrogen (organic carbon, total carbon and total nitrogen) in soils at sites fenced for 6 years was higher inside than outside the fencing encloures, but there were no significant differences between the inside and outside of the fencing enclosures, in carbon and nitrogen contents of soils at sites fenced for 10 and 15 years. 3) The carbon to nitrogen (C∶N) ratio in sierozem soils fenced for 6 years was higher than that outside of the fence, but there was no such effect seen at sites fenced for 10 years and 15 years. The fence did not affect the (C∶N) ratio in the aeolian sandy soil. In summary, fencing can influence soil structure and ped size distribution. but the response trajectory over time differs between soil types. The optimal fencing duration to promote grassland recovery should be determined according to the degree of degradation and soil conditions at each site.

Key words: closing period, desert grassland, typical soil, soil particle, carbon and nitrogen storage

谢莉, 宋乃平, 孟晨, 吴婷, 陈晓莹, 李敏岚, 岳健敏. 不同封育年限对宁夏荒漠草原土壤粒径及碳氮储量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(2): 1-10.

XIE Li, SONG Nai-ping, MENG Chen, WU Ting, CHEN Xiao-ying, LI Min-lan, YUE Jian-min. Time course of changes in soil particle size and carbon and nitrogen reserves after fencing Ningxia desert steppe[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(2): 1-10.

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