草业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (12): 188-197.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020019
常海涛1(), 刘任涛1(), 陈蔚1, 张安宁1, 左小安2
收稿日期:
2020-01-17
修回日期:
2020-04-25
出版日期:
2020-12-28
发布日期:
2020-12-28
通讯作者:
刘任涛
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: nxuliu2012@126.com基金资助:
Hai-tao CHANG1(), Ren-tao LIU1(), Wei CHEN1, An-ning ZHANG1, Xiao-an ZUO2
Received:
2020-01-17
Revised:
2020-04-25
Online:
2020-12-28
Published:
2020-12-28
Contact:
Ren-tao LIU
摘要:
在内蒙古乌拉特荒漠草原退化红砂灌丛林地内,引入柠条灌丛已成为一种重要的生态恢复措施。关于人工种植柠条灌丛对天然红砂灌丛林地地面节肢动物群落结构及其多样性分布的影响研究,是该区域生物多样性保育和退化生态系统恢复过程研究的重要科学问题。本研究以红砂和柠条灌丛作为研究对象,以灌丛间裸露地为对照。于2018年春季(5月)、夏季(8月)和秋季(10月),利用陷阱诱捕法,调查柠条和红砂灌丛微生境内地面节肢动物的群落结构分布及其与环境因子间的关系。结果显示:1)试验调查期间,共捕获地面节肢动物560只,隶属于10目23科。其中,优势类群有拟步甲科和蚁科,其个体数分别占总个体数的41.07%和22.14%;常见类群有10类,其个体数共占总个体数的32.68%;稀有类群有11类,其个体数共占总个体数的4.11%。2)地面节肢动物的群落组成在红砂灌丛、柠条灌丛和裸露地微生境内存在较大差异,狼蛛科和管巢蛛科仅在柠条灌丛微生境内存在,蜉金龟科和木伪蝎科仅在裸露地微生境内存在。3)地面节肢动物的个体数、类群数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数在红砂灌丛、柠条灌丛和裸露地微生境间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)红砂灌丛、柠条灌丛和裸露地微生境间的Jaccard相似性指数均处于较高水平,为0.65~0.71,属于高度相似。5)冗余对应分析(RDA)和偏RDA结果表明,土壤pH是影响地面节肢动物个体数分布的主要环境因子。研究表明,在乌拉特荒漠草原红砂灌丛林地内种植柠条灌丛,虽然会对地面节肢动物的群落组成产生一定的影响,但对其个体数、类群数和多样性分布的影响较小,说明种植柠条灌丛对地面节肢动物多样性恢复乃至生物多样性恢复均存在局限性。
常海涛, 刘任涛, 陈蔚, 张安宁, 左小安. 内蒙古乌拉特荒漠草原红砂灌丛林引入柠条后地面节肢动物群落结构分布特征[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(12): 188-197.
Hai-tao CHANG, Ren-tao LIU, Wei CHEN, An-ning ZHANG, Xiao-an ZUO. Distribution of ground-active arthropod community structure after introduction of Caragana korshinskii into Reaumuria soongorica shrubland on the Urat desert steppe, Inner Mongolia[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(12): 188-197.
群落 Communities | 土壤含水量 Soil moisture content (%) | 土壤碳 Soil carbon (g·kg-1) | 土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 土壤pH Soil pH | 土壤电导率 Soil electric conductivity (μS·m-1) | 土壤黏粉粒 Soil silt and clay content(%) | 土壤沙粒 Soil sand content (%) | 植物高度 Height (cm) | 植物密度 Density(plant·m-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
红砂灌丛 R.soongorica | 4.50± 0.81a | 11.21± 1.09a | 0.28± 0.02a | 7.90± 0.11a | 681.22± 38.96a | 40.65± 1.97b | 59.35± 1.97b | 19.00± 14.480b | 0.48± 0.023b |
柠条灌丛 C.microphylla | 3.05± 0.64b | 9.54± 0.69b | 0.28± 0.03a | 7.50± 0.11b | 135.97± 8.12b | 34.07± 1.46c | 65.94± 1.46a | 42.23± 9.742a | 0.01± 0.002c |
裸露地 B | 4.95± 0.82a | 12.22± 0.74a | 0.29± 0.02a | 7.61± 0.11b | 132.20± 7.47b | 51.78± 0.83a | 48.23± 0.83c | 8.80± 7.445c | 7.20± 2.052a |
表1 土壤和地表植被指标
Table 1 Index of soil properties and herbaceous vegetation
群落 Communities | 土壤含水量 Soil moisture content (%) | 土壤碳 Soil carbon (g·kg-1) | 土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 土壤pH Soil pH | 土壤电导率 Soil electric conductivity (μS·m-1) | 土壤黏粉粒 Soil silt and clay content(%) | 土壤沙粒 Soil sand content (%) | 植物高度 Height (cm) | 植物密度 Density(plant·m-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
红砂灌丛 R.soongorica | 4.50± 0.81a | 11.21± 1.09a | 0.28± 0.02a | 7.90± 0.11a | 681.22± 38.96a | 40.65± 1.97b | 59.35± 1.97b | 19.00± 14.480b | 0.48± 0.023b |
柠条灌丛 C.microphylla | 3.05± 0.64b | 9.54± 0.69b | 0.28± 0.03a | 7.50± 0.11b | 135.97± 8.12b | 34.07± 1.46c | 65.94± 1.46a | 42.23± 9.742a | 0.01± 0.002c |
裸露地 B | 4.95± 0.82a | 12.22± 0.74a | 0.29± 0.02a | 7.61± 0.11b | 132.20± 7.47b | 51.78± 0.83a | 48.23± 0.83c | 8.80± 7.445c | 7.20± 2.052a |
科属 Familys/genus | 红砂灌丛 R. soongorica | 柠条灌丛 C. korshinskii | 裸露地 B | 总个体数 Total number of individuals | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
百分比 Percentage (%) | 优势度 Dominance | 百分比 Percentage(%) | 优势度 Dominance | 百分比 Percentage(%) | 优势度 Dominance | 百分比 Percentage(%) | 优势度 Dominance | |
蜈蚣科Scolopendridae | 0.50 | + | 0.60 | + | 0.36 | + | ||
木伪蝎科Neobisiidae | 0.60 | + | 0.18 | + | ||||
长奇盲蛛科Phalangiidae | 0.50 | + | 2.06 | ++ | 0.60 | + | 1.07 | ++ |
狼蛛科Lycosidae | 0.52 | + | 0.18 | + | ||||
蟹蛛科Thomisidae | 4.50 | ++ | 2.06 | ++ | 0.60 | + | 2.50 | ++ |
管巢蛛科Clubionidae | 0.52 | + | 0.18 | + | ||||
跳蛛科Salticidae | 0.50 | + | 1.03 | ++ | 4.82 | ++ | 1.96 | ++ |
平腹蛛科Gnaphosidae | 8.00 | ++ | 8.25 | ++ | 1.81 | ++ | 6.25 | ++ |
隆头蛛科Eresidae | 1.03 | ++ | 0.60 | + | 0.54 | + | ||
近管蛛科Anyphaonidae | 2.50 | ++ | 2.58 | ++ | 3.61 | ++ | 2.86 | ++ |
鼠妇科Porcellionidae | 2.00 | ++ | 2.06 | ++ | 3.61 | ++ | 2.50 | ++ |
盲蝽科Miridae | 1.00 | ++ | 0.52 | + | 2.41 | ++ | 1.25 | ++ |
螽蟖科Tettigoniidae | 0.52 | + | 0.60 | + | 0.36 | + | ||
拟步甲科Tenebrionidae | 44.00 | +++ | 41.75 | +++ | 36.75 | +++ | 41.07 | +++ |
象甲科Curculionidae | 7.00 | ++ | 7.22 | ++ | 6.02 | ++ | 6.79 | ++ |
粪金龟科Geotrupidae | 0.50 | + | 1.03 | ++ | 0.54 | + | ||
蜉金龟科Aphodiidae | 0.60 | + | 0.18 | + | ||||
天牛科Cerambycidae | 1.50 | ++ | 2.06 | ++ | 6.63 | ++ | 3.21 | ++ |
葬甲科Silphidae | 0.50 | + | 0.52 | + | 0.36 | + | ||
步甲科Carabidae | 6.00 | ++ | 4.64 | ++ | 1.81 | ++ | 4.29 | ++ |
食蚜蝇科Syrphidae | 0.50 | + | 1.81 | ++ | 0.71 | + | ||
蚁科Formicidae | 20.00 | +++ | 21.13 | +++ | 25.90 | +++ | 22.14 | +++ |
蚁蜂科Mutillidae | 0.50 | + | 0.52 | + | 0.60 | + | 0.54 | + |
表2 地面节肢动物群落组成及多度分布
Table 2 Community composition and abundance distribution of ground-active arthropods
科属 Familys/genus | 红砂灌丛 R. soongorica | 柠条灌丛 C. korshinskii | 裸露地 B | 总个体数 Total number of individuals | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
百分比 Percentage (%) | 优势度 Dominance | 百分比 Percentage(%) | 优势度 Dominance | 百分比 Percentage(%) | 优势度 Dominance | 百分比 Percentage(%) | 优势度 Dominance | |
蜈蚣科Scolopendridae | 0.50 | + | 0.60 | + | 0.36 | + | ||
木伪蝎科Neobisiidae | 0.60 | + | 0.18 | + | ||||
长奇盲蛛科Phalangiidae | 0.50 | + | 2.06 | ++ | 0.60 | + | 1.07 | ++ |
狼蛛科Lycosidae | 0.52 | + | 0.18 | + | ||||
蟹蛛科Thomisidae | 4.50 | ++ | 2.06 | ++ | 0.60 | + | 2.50 | ++ |
管巢蛛科Clubionidae | 0.52 | + | 0.18 | + | ||||
跳蛛科Salticidae | 0.50 | + | 1.03 | ++ | 4.82 | ++ | 1.96 | ++ |
平腹蛛科Gnaphosidae | 8.00 | ++ | 8.25 | ++ | 1.81 | ++ | 6.25 | ++ |
隆头蛛科Eresidae | 1.03 | ++ | 0.60 | + | 0.54 | + | ||
近管蛛科Anyphaonidae | 2.50 | ++ | 2.58 | ++ | 3.61 | ++ | 2.86 | ++ |
鼠妇科Porcellionidae | 2.00 | ++ | 2.06 | ++ | 3.61 | ++ | 2.50 | ++ |
盲蝽科Miridae | 1.00 | ++ | 0.52 | + | 2.41 | ++ | 1.25 | ++ |
螽蟖科Tettigoniidae | 0.52 | + | 0.60 | + | 0.36 | + | ||
拟步甲科Tenebrionidae | 44.00 | +++ | 41.75 | +++ | 36.75 | +++ | 41.07 | +++ |
象甲科Curculionidae | 7.00 | ++ | 7.22 | ++ | 6.02 | ++ | 6.79 | ++ |
粪金龟科Geotrupidae | 0.50 | + | 1.03 | ++ | 0.54 | + | ||
蜉金龟科Aphodiidae | 0.60 | + | 0.18 | + | ||||
天牛科Cerambycidae | 1.50 | ++ | 2.06 | ++ | 6.63 | ++ | 3.21 | ++ |
葬甲科Silphidae | 0.50 | + | 0.52 | + | 0.36 | + | ||
步甲科Carabidae | 6.00 | ++ | 4.64 | ++ | 1.81 | ++ | 4.29 | ++ |
食蚜蝇科Syrphidae | 0.50 | + | 1.81 | ++ | 0.71 | + | ||
蚁科Formicidae | 20.00 | +++ | 21.13 | +++ | 25.90 | +++ | 22.14 | +++ |
蚁蜂科Mutillidae | 0.50 | + | 0.52 | + | 0.60 | + | 0.54 | + |
图1 地面节肢动物的群落多样性指数不同字母代表不同处理间的差异性(P<0.05)。Values with different letters show significant difference among treatments at the P<0.05 level. RS: 红砂灌丛 R. soongorica; CK: 柠条灌丛 C. korshinskii; B: 裸露地Bare land.
Fig.1 Community index of ground-active arthropods in desert steppe
群落 Communities | 红砂灌丛 R. soongorica | 柠条灌丛 C. korshinskii | 裸露地 CK |
---|---|---|---|
红砂灌丛R. soongorica | 0.71 | 0.71 | |
柠条灌丛C.microphylla | 15 | 0.65 | |
裸露地 CK | 15 | 15 |
表3 地面节肢动物的群落相似性指数
Table 3 Similarity index of ground-active arthropods communities
群落 Communities | 红砂灌丛 R. soongorica | 柠条灌丛 C. korshinskii | 裸露地 CK |
---|---|---|---|
红砂灌丛R. soongorica | 0.71 | 0.71 | |
柠条灌丛C.microphylla | 15 | 0.65 | |
裸露地 CK | 15 | 15 |
变量 Variable | 贡献率 Contribution rate (%) | P | F |
---|---|---|---|
pH | 25 | 0.002 | 14.37 |
SM | 3 | 0.142 | 1.89 |
EC | 2 | 0.300 | 1.28 |
SC | 2 | 0.462 | 0.82 |
TC | 1 | 0.432 | 0.92 |
AT | 2 | 0.404 | 0.97 |
TN | 1 | 0.592 | 0.64 |
R | 1 | 0.854 | 0.30 |
SS | 0 | 1.000 | 0.04 |
表4 环境因子对地面节肢动物个体数分布的相对贡献偏RDA分析
Table 4 Partial RDA analysis on the relative contribution of environmental factors to the individual number of ground-active arthropods
变量 Variable | 贡献率 Contribution rate (%) | P | F |
---|---|---|---|
pH | 25 | 0.002 | 14.37 |
SM | 3 | 0.142 | 1.89 |
EC | 2 | 0.300 | 1.28 |
SC | 2 | 0.462 | 0.82 |
TC | 1 | 0.432 | 0.92 |
AT | 2 | 0.404 | 0.97 |
TN | 1 | 0.592 | 0.64 |
R | 1 | 0.854 | 0.30 |
SS | 0 | 1.000 | 0.04 |
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