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草业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (12): 188-197.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020019

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

内蒙古乌拉特荒漠草原红砂灌丛林引入柠条后地面节肢动物群落结构分布特征

常海涛1(), 刘任涛1(), 陈蔚1, 张安宁1, 左小安2   

  1. 1.宁夏大学西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750021
    2.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,乌拉特荒漠草原研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-17 修回日期:2020-04-25 出版日期:2020-12-28 发布日期:2020-12-28
  • 通讯作者: 刘任涛
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: nxuliu2012@126.com
    常海涛(1994-),男,宁夏中宁人,在读硕士。E-mail: nxcht1994@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(41867005);宁夏青年拔尖人才培养工程项目(RQ0010);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2020AAC02014)

Distribution of ground-active arthropod community structure after introduction of Caragana korshinskii into Reaumuria soongorica shrubland on the Urat desert steppe, Inner Mongolia

Hai-tao CHANG1(), Ren-tao LIU1(), Wei CHEN1, An-ning ZHANG1, Xiao-an ZUO2   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
    2.Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
  • Received:2020-01-17 Revised:2020-04-25 Online:2020-12-28 Published:2020-12-28
  • Contact: Ren-tao LIU

摘要:

在内蒙古乌拉特荒漠草原退化红砂灌丛林地内,引入柠条灌丛已成为一种重要的生态恢复措施。关于人工种植柠条灌丛对天然红砂灌丛林地地面节肢动物群落结构及其多样性分布的影响研究,是该区域生物多样性保育和退化生态系统恢复过程研究的重要科学问题。本研究以红砂和柠条灌丛作为研究对象,以灌丛间裸露地为对照。于2018年春季(5月)、夏季(8月)和秋季(10月),利用陷阱诱捕法,调查柠条和红砂灌丛微生境内地面节肢动物的群落结构分布及其与环境因子间的关系。结果显示:1)试验调查期间,共捕获地面节肢动物560只,隶属于10目23科。其中,优势类群有拟步甲科和蚁科,其个体数分别占总个体数的41.07%和22.14%;常见类群有10类,其个体数共占总个体数的32.68%;稀有类群有11类,其个体数共占总个体数的4.11%。2)地面节肢动物的群落组成在红砂灌丛、柠条灌丛和裸露地微生境内存在较大差异,狼蛛科和管巢蛛科仅在柠条灌丛微生境内存在,蜉金龟科和木伪蝎科仅在裸露地微生境内存在。3)地面节肢动物的个体数、类群数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数在红砂灌丛、柠条灌丛和裸露地微生境间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)红砂灌丛、柠条灌丛和裸露地微生境间的Jaccard相似性指数均处于较高水平,为0.65~0.71,属于高度相似。5)冗余对应分析(RDA)和偏RDA结果表明,土壤pH是影响地面节肢动物个体数分布的主要环境因子。研究表明,在乌拉特荒漠草原红砂灌丛林地内种植柠条灌丛,虽然会对地面节肢动物的群落组成产生一定的影响,但对其个体数、类群数和多样性分布的影响较小,说明种植柠条灌丛对地面节肢动物多样性恢复乃至生物多样性恢复均存在局限性。

关键词: 荒漠草原, 地面节肢动物, 柠条灌丛, 红砂灌丛, 群落结构

Abstract:

The introduction of Caragana korshinskii shrubs to degraded Reaumuria soongorica shrubland on the Urat desert steppe in Inner Mongolia is an important ecological restoration measure. It is important to determine how introduced C. korshinskii shrubs affect the structure and diversity of ground-active arthropod communities in natural R. soongorica shrublands to understand their roles in biodiversity conservation and the restoration of degraded ecosystems in this region. In this study, we determined the effects of introduced C. korshinskii and environmental factors on the composition of the ground-active arthropod community in R. soongorica microhabitats on the natural desert steppe by analyzing specimens collected in pitfall traps in spring, summer, and autumn in 2018. In total, 560 individual ground-active arthropods were captured, belonging to 23 families and 10 orders. The main groups were Tenebrionidae and Formicidae, accounting for 41.07% and 22.14% of all collected arthropods, respectively. There were 10 common groups accounting for 32.68% of all collected arthropods, and 11 rare groups accounting for 4.11%. The community composition of ground-active arthropods differed among R. soongorica shrubs, C. korshinskii shrubs, and bare microhabitats. For example, Lycosidae and Clubionidae were present only under C. korshinskii shrubs, and Aphodiidae and Neobisiidae were present only in bare microhabitats. There was no significant difference in the number of arthropods, groups, Shannon-Wiener index, and Simpson’s index among R. soongorica shrubs, C. korshinskii shrubs, and bare microhabitats (P>0.05). The Jaccard index of ground-active arthropod communities ranged from 0.65 to 0.71, indicative of strong similarity among R. soongorica shrubs, among C. korshinskii shrubs, and among bare microhabitats. The results of redundancy analysis and partial redundancy analysis showed that soil pH was the main environmental factor affecting the distribution of ground-active arthropods. Our findings indicated that introduced C. korshinskii shrubs in the R. soongorica shrubland on the Urat desert steppe affected the community composition of ground-active arthropods. However, the introduced plants had little effect on the number of individuals and groups and on the diversity distribution of ground-active arthropods, indicating that introduced C. korshinskii shrubs have limited effects on the recovery of ground-active arthropod diversity.

Key words: desert steppe, ground-active arthropod, Caragana korshinskii shrub, Reaumuria soongorica shrub, community structure