草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 121-128.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020152
吕竑建1(), 郭香2, 陈德奎1, 陈晓阳2(), 张庆2()
收稿日期:
2020-04-07
修回日期:
2020-05-14
出版日期:
2021-03-20
发布日期:
2021-03-09
通讯作者:
陈晓阳,张庆
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: zqing1988@126.com基金资助:
Hong-jian LV1(), Xiang GUO2, De-kui CHEN1, Xiao-yang CHEN2(), Qing ZHANG2()
Received:
2020-04-07
Revised:
2020-05-14
Online:
2021-03-20
Published:
2021-03-09
Contact:
Xiao-yang CHEN,Qing ZHANG
摘要:
从辣木叶青贮中筛选分离出4个乳酸菌菌株,鉴定后分别为Lactobacillus plantarum(LP),Lactobacillus farciminis(LF),Weissella thailandensis(W)和Lactococcus lactis(E)。试验旨在探究不同温度下添加植物乳酸菌对辣木叶青贮的青贮品质、营养成分和单宁含量的影响。采用双因素(温度×植物乳酸菌)完全随机设计,两个温度组为15和30 ℃,乳酸菌处理组为CK,LP, LF, W和E。在青贮第60天时开袋取样进行测定。结果表明,辣木叶原料粗蛋白质含量为25.31%,可溶性碳水化合物含量为7.53%,添加乳酸菌可以显著降低pH,增加乳酸和乙酸含量,同时使乳酸菌数量和氨态氮含量显著降低(P<0.05)。贮藏温度在15 ℃时,乳酸菌数量,真蛋白含量显著高于30 ℃(P<0.05)。同时,非蛋白氮、氨态氮和游离氨基酸含量在15 ℃的贮藏温度时都显著低于30 ℃(P<0.05)。青贮后,各处理组的单宁含量都有下降,但无显著差异(P>0.05)。辣木叶蛋白质丰富,易于调制青贮饲料,较低的贮藏温度和添加植物乳酸菌对辣木叶青贮品质有明显的改善作用,但对降解单宁含量并未产生显著影响。
吕竑建, 郭香, 陈德奎, 陈晓阳, 张庆. 植物乳酸菌和贮藏温度对辣木叶青贮品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(3): 121-128.
Hong-jian LV, Xiang GUO, De-kui CHEN, Xiao-yang CHEN, Qing ZHANG. Effect of lactic acid bacteria and storage temperature on the quality of Moringa oleifera leaf silage[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(3): 121-128.
项目 Items | 含量 Content |
---|---|
干物质 Dry matter (DM, %) | 21.59 |
粗蛋白质 Crude protein (CP, %DM) | 25.31 |
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %DM) | 24.91 |
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %DM) | 16.66 |
可溶性碳水化合物 Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC, %DM) | 7.53 |
乳酸菌 Lactic acid bacteria (LAB, log10 cfu·g-1 FM) | 4.45 |
大肠杆菌 Coliform bacteria (log10 cfu·g-1 FM) | 5.99 |
酵母菌 Yeast (log10 cfu·g-1 FM) | <2.00 |
霉菌 Molds (log10 cfu·g-1 FM) | 2.80 |
水解单宁 Hydrolysable tannin (HT, %DM) | 1.62 |
缩合单宁 Condensed tannin (CT, %DM) | 2.48 |
表1 辣木叶原料的特点
Table 1 The characteristic of raw M. oleifera leaves material (n=3)
项目 Items | 含量 Content |
---|---|
干物质 Dry matter (DM, %) | 21.59 |
粗蛋白质 Crude protein (CP, %DM) | 25.31 |
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %DM) | 24.91 |
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %DM) | 16.66 |
可溶性碳水化合物 Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC, %DM) | 7.53 |
乳酸菌 Lactic acid bacteria (LAB, log10 cfu·g-1 FM) | 4.45 |
大肠杆菌 Coliform bacteria (log10 cfu·g-1 FM) | 5.99 |
酵母菌 Yeast (log10 cfu·g-1 FM) | <2.00 |
霉菌 Molds (log10 cfu·g-1 FM) | 2.80 |
水解单宁 Hydrolysable tannin (HT, %DM) | 1.62 |
缩合单宁 Condensed tannin (CT, %DM) | 2.48 |
项目 Items | 温度 Temperature | 乳酸菌添加剂处理 Inoculants | Means | SEM | 显著性差异Significance | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | LP | LF | W | E | T | I | T×I | ||||
干物质Dry Matter (DM, %) | T1 | 21.21b | 21.15b | 21.21Bb | 21.68Ba | 21.68Ba | 21.39B | 0.079 | ** | NS | NS |
T2 | 22.43 | 22.63 | 21.97A | 22.28A | 22.50A | 22.36A | 0.173 | ||||
pH | T1 | 4.03a | 3.91b | 3.86c | 3.86c | 3.87c | 3.91 | 0.017 | NS | ** | * |
T2 | 4.03a | 3.85b | 3.89b | 3.85b | 3.88b | 3.90 | 0.018 | ||||
乳酸 Lactic acid (LA, %DM) | T1 | 2.29Bb | 3.57Ba | 3.70a | 4.46a | 4.37Ba | 3.68B | 0.234 | ** | ** | * |
T2 | 3.80Acd | 4.19Abc | 3.18d | 5.38a | 4.81Aab | 4.27A | 0.219 | ||||
乙酸 Acetic acid (AA, %DM) | T1 | 0.82Bc | 0.97b | 0.97b | 1.04Bb | 1.15a | 0.99B | 0.031 | ** | ** | * |
T2 | 1.01Abc | 1.06b | 0.98c | 1.17Aa | 1.15a | 1.07A | 0.021 | ||||
乳酸菌 Lactic acid bacteria (LAB, log10 cfu·g-1 FM) | T1 | 8.27Aa | 8.07Aa | 8.24Aa | 6.98Ab | 6.96Ab | 7.70A | 0.170 | ** | ** | NS |
T2 | 5.00Ba | 4.76Ba | <4.00Bb | <4.00Bb | <4.00Bb | 4.88B | 0.223 | ||||
酵母菌 Yeast (log10 cfu·g-1 FM) | T1 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | 4.01 | <2.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
T2 | <2.00 | 4.36 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | - | - | ||||
大肠杆菌 Coliform bacteria (log10 cfu·g-1 FM) | T1 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
T2 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | - | - | ||||
霉菌 Molds (log10 cfu·g-1 FM) | T1 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
T2 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | - | - |
表2 植物乳酸菌和贮藏温度对60 d青贮辣木叶品质的影响
Table 2 Effect of temperature and inoculants on character of M. oleifera leaves silage in 60 days (n=3)
项目 Items | 温度 Temperature | 乳酸菌添加剂处理 Inoculants | Means | SEM | 显著性差异Significance | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | LP | LF | W | E | T | I | T×I | ||||
干物质Dry Matter (DM, %) | T1 | 21.21b | 21.15b | 21.21Bb | 21.68Ba | 21.68Ba | 21.39B | 0.079 | ** | NS | NS |
T2 | 22.43 | 22.63 | 21.97A | 22.28A | 22.50A | 22.36A | 0.173 | ||||
pH | T1 | 4.03a | 3.91b | 3.86c | 3.86c | 3.87c | 3.91 | 0.017 | NS | ** | * |
T2 | 4.03a | 3.85b | 3.89b | 3.85b | 3.88b | 3.90 | 0.018 | ||||
乳酸 Lactic acid (LA, %DM) | T1 | 2.29Bb | 3.57Ba | 3.70a | 4.46a | 4.37Ba | 3.68B | 0.234 | ** | ** | * |
T2 | 3.80Acd | 4.19Abc | 3.18d | 5.38a | 4.81Aab | 4.27A | 0.219 | ||||
乙酸 Acetic acid (AA, %DM) | T1 | 0.82Bc | 0.97b | 0.97b | 1.04Bb | 1.15a | 0.99B | 0.031 | ** | ** | * |
T2 | 1.01Abc | 1.06b | 0.98c | 1.17Aa | 1.15a | 1.07A | 0.021 | ||||
乳酸菌 Lactic acid bacteria (LAB, log10 cfu·g-1 FM) | T1 | 8.27Aa | 8.07Aa | 8.24Aa | 6.98Ab | 6.96Ab | 7.70A | 0.170 | ** | ** | NS |
T2 | 5.00Ba | 4.76Ba | <4.00Bb | <4.00Bb | <4.00Bb | 4.88B | 0.223 | ||||
酵母菌 Yeast (log10 cfu·g-1 FM) | T1 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | 4.01 | <2.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
T2 | <2.00 | 4.36 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | - | - | ||||
大肠杆菌 Coliform bacteria (log10 cfu·g-1 FM) | T1 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
T2 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | - | - | ||||
霉菌 Molds (log10 cfu·g-1 FM) | T1 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
T2 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | - | - |
项目 Items | 温度 Temperature | 乳酸菌添加剂处理 Inoculants | Means | SEM | 显著性差异Significance | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | LP | LF | W | E | T | I | T×I | ||||
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %DM) | T1 | 25.65 | 29.65 | 27.75 | 27.10 | 29.19 | 27.87 | 0.549 | NS | NS | NS |
T2 | 28.51 | 26.98 | 27.67 | 28.19 | 28.35 | 27.94 | 1.278 | ||||
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %DM) | T1 | 15.88 | 18.93 | 18.05 | 16.91 | 18.87 | 17.73 | 0.417 | NS | NS | NS |
T2 | 18.02 | 16.65 | 18.05 | 18.31 | 19.18 | 17.96 | 0.341 | ||||
粗蛋白质 Crude protein (CP, %DM) | T1 | 24.74a | 23.22bc | 22.89c | 24.50a | 24.24ab | 23.91 | 0.241 | NS | ** | ** |
T2 | 24.60ab | 24.91a | 23.72c | 23.84bc | 22.85d | 23.98 | 0.216 | ||||
真蛋白质 True protein (TP, %DM) | T1 | 13.55 | 12.63 | 12.88A | 12.54A | 11.62 | 12.64A | 0.248 | ** | NS | NS |
T2 | 10.30 | 10.62 | 9.41B | 10.50B | 10.40 | 10.24B | 0.329 | ||||
非蛋白氮 Non-protein nitrogen (NPN, %DM) | T1 | 11.20B | 10.58B | 10.01B | 11.96 | 12.61 | 11.27B | 0.355 | ** | NS | * |
T2 | 14.30A | 14.29A | 14.32A | 13.34 | 12.45 | 13.74A | 0.333 | ||||
氨态氮 Ammonium nitrogen (NH3-N, g·kg-1) | T1 | 0.39Ba | 0.22Bc | 0.35Bab | 0.30b | 0.29Bb | 0.31B | 0.002 | ** | ** | ** |
T2 | 1.31Aa | 0.43Ac | 0.66Ab | 0.49bc | 0.66Ab | 0.71A | 0.009 | ||||
游离氨基酸 Free amino acid (FAA, %DM) | T1 | 0.29Bc | 0.47Bbc | 0.61ab | 0.70a | 0.62ab | 0.62B | 0.046 | ** | NS | ** |
T2 | 0.99A | 0.80A | 0.76 | 0.73 | 0.77 | 0.77A | 0.041 |
表3 植物乳酸菌和贮藏温度对60 d青贮辣木叶纤维和蛋白含量的影响
Table 3 Effect of temperature and inoculants on protein and fibre content of M. oleifera leaves silage in 60 days (n=3)
项目 Items | 温度 Temperature | 乳酸菌添加剂处理 Inoculants | Means | SEM | 显著性差异Significance | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | LP | LF | W | E | T | I | T×I | ||||
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %DM) | T1 | 25.65 | 29.65 | 27.75 | 27.10 | 29.19 | 27.87 | 0.549 | NS | NS | NS |
T2 | 28.51 | 26.98 | 27.67 | 28.19 | 28.35 | 27.94 | 1.278 | ||||
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %DM) | T1 | 15.88 | 18.93 | 18.05 | 16.91 | 18.87 | 17.73 | 0.417 | NS | NS | NS |
T2 | 18.02 | 16.65 | 18.05 | 18.31 | 19.18 | 17.96 | 0.341 | ||||
粗蛋白质 Crude protein (CP, %DM) | T1 | 24.74a | 23.22bc | 22.89c | 24.50a | 24.24ab | 23.91 | 0.241 | NS | ** | ** |
T2 | 24.60ab | 24.91a | 23.72c | 23.84bc | 22.85d | 23.98 | 0.216 | ||||
真蛋白质 True protein (TP, %DM) | T1 | 13.55 | 12.63 | 12.88A | 12.54A | 11.62 | 12.64A | 0.248 | ** | NS | NS |
T2 | 10.30 | 10.62 | 9.41B | 10.50B | 10.40 | 10.24B | 0.329 | ||||
非蛋白氮 Non-protein nitrogen (NPN, %DM) | T1 | 11.20B | 10.58B | 10.01B | 11.96 | 12.61 | 11.27B | 0.355 | ** | NS | * |
T2 | 14.30A | 14.29A | 14.32A | 13.34 | 12.45 | 13.74A | 0.333 | ||||
氨态氮 Ammonium nitrogen (NH3-N, g·kg-1) | T1 | 0.39Ba | 0.22Bc | 0.35Bab | 0.30b | 0.29Bb | 0.31B | 0.002 | ** | ** | ** |
T2 | 1.31Aa | 0.43Ac | 0.66Ab | 0.49bc | 0.66Ab | 0.71A | 0.009 | ||||
游离氨基酸 Free amino acid (FAA, %DM) | T1 | 0.29Bc | 0.47Bbc | 0.61ab | 0.70a | 0.62ab | 0.62B | 0.046 | ** | NS | ** |
T2 | 0.99A | 0.80A | 0.76 | 0.73 | 0.77 | 0.77A | 0.041 |
项目 Items | 温度 Temperature | 乳酸菌添加剂处理 Inoculants | Means | SEM | 显著性差异Significance | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | LP | LF | W | E | T | I | T×I | ||||
总酚 Total phenols (%DM) | T1 | 1.17 | 1.13 | 1.27 | 1.25 | 1.40 | 1.25 | 0.038 | NS | NS | * |
T2 | 1.60a | 1.10b | 1.28b | 1.34ab | 1.22b | 1.31 | 0.056 | ||||
简单酚 Simple phenols (%DM) | T1 | 0.73 | 0.67 | 0.73 | 0.70 | 0.73 | 0.71 | 0.016 | NS | * | NS |
T2 | 0.85 | 0.65 | 0.76 | 0.67 | 0.65 | 0.71 | 0.027 | ||||
水解单宁Hydrolysable tannin (HT, %DM) | T1 | 0.45b | 0.47b | 0.55ab | 0.55ab | 0.67a | 0.54 | 0.028 | NS | NS | * |
T2 | 0.76 | 0.46 | 0.53 | 0.67 | 0.57 | 0.60 | 0.043 | ||||
缩合单宁 Condensed tannin (CT, %DM) | T1 | 2.10 | 2.06 | 2.33 | 2.27 | 2.07 | 2.16 | 0.039 | NS | * | NS |
T2 | 2.43 | 2.13 | 2.24 | 2.16 | 2.12 | 2.22 | 0.041 |
表4 植物乳酸菌和贮藏温度对60 d青贮辣木叶单宁含量的影响
Table 4 Effect of temperature and inoculants on tannins content of M. oleifera leaves silage in 60 days (n=3)
项目 Items | 温度 Temperature | 乳酸菌添加剂处理 Inoculants | Means | SEM | 显著性差异Significance | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | LP | LF | W | E | T | I | T×I | ||||
总酚 Total phenols (%DM) | T1 | 1.17 | 1.13 | 1.27 | 1.25 | 1.40 | 1.25 | 0.038 | NS | NS | * |
T2 | 1.60a | 1.10b | 1.28b | 1.34ab | 1.22b | 1.31 | 0.056 | ||||
简单酚 Simple phenols (%DM) | T1 | 0.73 | 0.67 | 0.73 | 0.70 | 0.73 | 0.71 | 0.016 | NS | * | NS |
T2 | 0.85 | 0.65 | 0.76 | 0.67 | 0.65 | 0.71 | 0.027 | ||||
水解单宁Hydrolysable tannin (HT, %DM) | T1 | 0.45b | 0.47b | 0.55ab | 0.55ab | 0.67a | 0.54 | 0.028 | NS | NS | * |
T2 | 0.76 | 0.46 | 0.53 | 0.67 | 0.57 | 0.60 | 0.043 | ||||
缩合单宁 Condensed tannin (CT, %DM) | T1 | 2.10 | 2.06 | 2.33 | 2.27 | 2.07 | 2.16 | 0.039 | NS | * | NS |
T2 | 2.43 | 2.13 | 2.24 | 2.16 | 2.12 | 2.22 | 0.041 |
1 | Kholif A E, Morsy T A, Gouda G A, et al. Effect of feeding diets with processed Moringa oleifera meal as protein source in lactating Anglo-Nubian goats. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2016, 217: 45-55. |
2 | Rockwood J L, Anderson B G, Casamatta D A. Potential uses of Moringa oleifera and an examination of antibiotic efficacy conferred by M. oleifera seed and leaf extracts using crude extraction techniques available to underserved indigenous populations. International Journal of Phytotherapy Research, 2013, 3(2): 61-71. |
3 | Wu D, Cai Z H, Wei Y X, et al. The research progress of Moringa oleifera as a new plane protein feed. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2013, 25(3): 503-511. |
吴頔, 蔡志华, 魏烨昕, 等. 辣木作为新型植物性蛋白质饲料的研究进展. 动物营养学报, 2013, 25(3): 503-511. | |
4 | Kholif A E, Gouda G A, Olafadehan O A, et al. Effects of replacement of Moringa oleifera for berseem clover in the diets of Nubian goats on feed utilisation, and milk yield, composition and fatty acid profile. Animal, 2018, 12(5): 964-972. |
5 | Sebola N A, Mlambo V, Mokoboki H K, et al. Growth performance and carcass characteristics of three chicken strains in response to incremental levels of dietary Moringa oleifera leaf meal. Livestock Science, 2015, 178: 202-208. |
6 | Babiker E E, Juhaimi F A L, Ghafoor K, et al. Comparative study on feeding value of Moringa leaves as a partial replacement for alfalfa hay in ewes and goats. Livestock Science, 2017, 195: 21-26. |
7 | Elghandour M M Y, Vallejo L H, Salem A Z M, et al. Moringa oleifera leaf meal as an environmental friendly protein source for ruminants: Biomethane and carbon dioxide production, and fermentation characteristics. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017, 165: 1229-1238. |
8 | Zhang J G, Feng F, Zhuang Q, et al. Silage treatment of degradation of mimosin and tannin in Leucaena//Procedural Symposium of Youth Working Committee of China Grass Society (Volumn one). Shanghai: Chinese Grassland Society, 2010. |
张建国, 冯帆, 庄骐, 等. 青贮处理降解银合欢中含羞草素和单宁的研究//中国草学会青年工作委员会学术研讨会论文集(上册).上海: 中国草学会, 2010. | |
9 | Zhong S, Zhang X N, Yang Y G, et al. Effects of lactic acid bacteria and cellulase on the quality of alfalfa silage with different water contents. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2017, 29(5): 1821-1830. |
钟书, 张晓娜, 杨云贵, 等. 乳酸菌和纤维素酶对不同含水量紫花苜蓿青贮品质的影响. 动物营养学报, 2017, 29(5): 1821-1830. | |
10 | Zhang Q, Yu Z, Wang X, et al. Effects of inoculants and environmental temperature on fermentation quality and bacterial diversity of alfalfa silage. Animal Science Journal, 2018, 89(8): 1085-1092. |
11 | Zhang Q, Li X, Zhao M, et al. Lactic acid bacteria strains for enhancing the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of Leymus chinensis silage. Grass and Forage Science, 2016, 71(3): 472-481. |
12 | Wang C, Wang Y, Zhou W, et al. Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) and moisture on feed quality and tannin content of Moringaoleifera leaf silage. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(6): 109-118. |
王成, 王益, 周玮, 等. 植物乳杆菌和含水量对辣木叶青贮品质和单宁含量的影响. 草业学报, 2019, 28(6): 109-118. | |
13 | Shu S M, Yang C H, Tang Z S, et al. Effects of different moisture contents with previously fermented juice on the quality of whipgrass (Hemarthria compressa) silage. Grass Feeding Livestock, 2011(4): 41-43. |
舒思敏, 杨春华, 唐智松, 等. 添加绿汁发酵液对不同含水量扁穗牛鞭草青贮料品质的影响. 草食家畜, 2011(4): 41-43. | |
14 | Xu Q F, Yu Z, Han J G, et al. Determining organic acid in alfalfa silage by HPLC. Grassland and Turf, 2007(2): 63-65, 67. |
许庆方, 玉柱, 韩建国, 等. 高效液相色谱法测定紫花苜蓿青贮中的有机酸. 草原与草坪, 2007(2): 63-65, 67. | |
15 | Zhang L Y. Feed analysis and quality detection technology (the third edition). Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 2007: 49-75. |
张丽英. 饲料分析及质量检测技术(第3版). 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2007: 49-75. | |
16 | Licitra G, Hernandez T M, Van Soest P J. Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1996, 57(4): 347-358. |
17 | Bolsen K K, Lin C, Brent B E, et al. Effect of silage additives on the microbial succession and fermentation process of alfalfa and corn silages. Journal of Dairy Science, 1992, 75(11): 3066-3083. |
18 | Cui X. Effect of adding formic acid and mixed silage on the fermentation characteristics and nutritional quality of alfalfa. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2015. |
崔鑫. 添加甲酸及混合青贮对紫花苜蓿发酵特性和营养品质的影响. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2015. | |
19 | Guo L H, Yang S K. Study on preparation of gallic acid from immobilized Aspergillus niger tannase. Chinese Journal of Biotechnology, 2000, 16(5): 614-617. |
郭鲁宏, 杨顺楷. 利用固定化黑曲霉单宁酶制备没食子酸的研究. 生物工程学报, 2000, 16(5): 614-617. | |
20 | Makkar H P S, Becker K. Vanillin-HCl method for condensed tannins: Effect of organic solvents used for extraction of tannins. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1993, 19(4): 613-621. |
21 | Liu C F, Li G H. The nutritional value of Moringa. Tropical Agricultural Science and Technology, 2004, 27(1): 4-8. |
刘昌芬, 李国华. 辣木的营养价值. 热带农业科技, 2004, 27(1): 4-8. | |
22 | Wang Y, Wang C, Zhou W, et al. Effects of wilting and Lactobacillus plantarum addition on the fermentation quality and microbial community of Moringa oleifera leaf silage. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2018, 9: 1817. |
23 | Zhang Q. Screening and action on mechanism of lactic acid bacteria for forage silage. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2016. |
张庆. 饲草青贮用乳酸菌的筛选及作用机理. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2016. | |
24 | Cai Y, Benno Y, Ogawa M, et al. Influence of Lactobacillus spp. from an inoculant and of Weissella and Leuconostoc spp. from forage crops on silage fermentation. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1998, 64(8): 2982-2987. |
25 | McDonald P, Henderson A, Heron S. The biochemistry of silage. Aberystwyth: Chalcombe Publications, 1991. |
26 | Li G Y, Chen J H, Zhang L J. Application of additives in alfalfa silage. Feed Research, 2014(7): 14-16. |
李光耀, 陈建华, 张力君. 添加剂在苜蓿青贮中的应用进展. 饲料研究, 2014(7): 14-16. | |
27 | Ohmomo S, Tanaka O, Kitamoto H K, et al. Silage and microbial performance, old story but new problems. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, 2002, 36(2): 59-71. |
28 | Yu Z, Bai C S, Sun Q Z, et al. Effect of different additives on the quality of bromegrass silage. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2008, 10(4): 76-81. |
玉柱, 白春生, 孙启忠, 等. 不同添加剂对无芒雀麦青贮品质的影响. 中国农业科技导报, 2008, 10(4): 76-81. | |
29 | Tian R X, An Y, Wang G W, et al. The changes of pH value and nutrient substances in the process of alfalfa silage. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2005, 14(3): 82-86. |
田瑞霞, 安渊, 王光文, 等. 紫花苜蓿青贮过程中pH值和营养物质变化规律. 草业学报, 2005, 14(3): 82-86. | |
30 | Liu Q H, Shao T, Bai Y F. The effect of fibrolytic enzyme, Lactobacillus plantarum and two food antioxidants on the fermentation quality, alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene of high moisture napier grass silage ensiled at different temperatures. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2016, 221: 1-11. |
31 | Muck R E. Factors influencing silage quality and their implications for management. Journal of Dairy Science, 1988, 71(11): 2992-3002. |
32 | Hao J, Wang H. Volatile fatty acids productions by mesophilic and thermophilic sludge fermentation: Biological responses to fermentation temperature. Bioresource Technology, 2015, 175: 367-373. |
33 | Li S Y. Screening and isolation of tannic acid degrading microorganisms and the study about the reduction of tannin acid in woody forage. Changchun: Jilin Agricultural University, 2017. |
李淑颖. 单宁降解菌筛选及其降解木本饲料中单宁的研究. 长春: 吉林农业大学, 2017. | |
34 | Chen L B, Qiao J Y, Tu Y N, et al. Research progress on methods of tannin degradation in feed. Feed Research, 2010(7):16-18. |
陈龙宾, 乔家运, 涂苑楠, 等. 降解饲料中单宁方法的研究进展. 饲料研究, 2010(7): 16-18. | |
35 | Liu R S, Xie D P, Wang G S, et al. Study on the immobilization and properties of tannins. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University (Natural Sciences), 2000, 26(5): 386-388. |
刘如石, 谢达平, 王革生, 等. 单宁酶的固定化及其性质的研究. 湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2000, 26(5): 386-388. |
[1] | 陈鑫珠, 张建国. 不同茬次和高度热研四号王草的乳酸菌分布及青贮发酵品质[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(1): 150-158. |
[2] | 宗文贞, 郭家昊, 贾云龙, 郑永兴, 杨旭, 胡芳弟, 王静. 单宁在植物-土壤氮循环中作用的研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(7): 174-183. |
[3] | 付锦涛, 王学凯, 倪奎奎, 杨富裕. 添加乳酸菌和糖蜜对全株构树和稻草混合青贮的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(4): 121-128. |
[4] | 万学瑞, 豆思远, 李玉, 何轶群, 王川, 张小丽, 雷赵民. 复合乳酸菌对全株玉米青贮及有氧暴露后微生物及饲料品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(11): 83-90. |
[5] | 毛翠, 刘方圆, 宋恩亮, 王亚芳, 王永军, 战翔, 李原, 成海建, 姜富贵. 不同乳酸菌添加量和发酵时间对全株玉米青贮营养价值及发酵品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(10): 172-181. |
[6] | 琚泽亮, 赵桂琴, 柴继宽, 贾志峰, 梁国玲. 不同燕麦品种在甘肃中部的营养价值及青贮发酵品质综合评价[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(9): 77-86. |
[7] | 王成, 王益, 周玮, 骈瑞琪, 张庆, 陈晓阳. 植物乳杆菌和含水量对辣木叶青贮品质和单宁含量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(6): 109-118. |
[8] | 李小铃, 关皓, 帅杨, 李小梅, 彭安琪, 李昌华, 蒲棋, 闫艳红, 张新全. 单一和复合乳酸菌添加剂对扁穗牛鞭草青贮品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(6): 119-127. |
[9] | 李菲菲, 张凡凡, 王旭哲, 苗芳, 马春晖. 同/异型发酵乳酸菌对全株玉米青贮营养成分和瘤胃降解特征的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(6): 128-136. |
[10] | 杨大盛, 汪水平, 韩雪峰, 汤少勋, 谭支良, 尹梦洁, 骆东梅. 乳酸菌和烷基多糖苷对玉米秸秆黄贮品质及其体外发酵特性影响研究[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(5): 109-120. |
[11] | 李志威, 赵静雯, 沈思聪, 罗佳璇, 赵国琦, 黄倩倩. 尼龙袋法评价香蕉叶单宁对瘤胃降解特性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(12): 114-123. |
[12] | 代寒凌, 田新会, 杜文华, 吴建平. 不同添加剂处理对小黑麦和黑麦青贮营养品质和发酵品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(12): 211-219. |
[13] | 王建福, 雷赵民, 万学瑞, 姜辉, 李洁, 吴建平. 5株乳酸菌复合物与CaCO3,酶及尿素不同组合对全株玉米青贮品质影响[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(3): 90-97. |
[14] | 苗芳, 张凡凡, 唐开婷, 贾舒安, 王旭哲, 马春晖. 同/异质型乳酸菌添加对全株玉米青贮发酵特性、营养品质及有氧稳定性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(9): 167-175. |
[15] | 郭海明, 夏天婵, 朱雯, 张勇, 叶均安. 青贮添加剂对稻草青贮品质和有氧稳定性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(2): 190-196. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||