欢迎访问《草业学报》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (8): 98-108.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020274

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同施肥水平下高寒矿区煤矸石山植被和土壤恢复效果研究

杨鑫光1,2(), 李希来2(), 马盼盼2, 张静2, 周伟3   

  1. 1.青海民族大学生态环境与资源学院,青海省特色经济植物高值化利用重点实验室,青海 西宁 810007
    2.青海大学农牧学院,青海 西宁 810016
    3.中国地质大学土地科学技术学院,北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-15 修回日期:2020-07-21 出版日期:2021-07-09 发布日期:2021-07-09
  • 通讯作者: 李希来
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: xilai-li@163.com
    杨鑫光(1979-),男,甘肃岷县人,博士。E-mail: yangxg618@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41977415);青海省科技支撑计划项目(2015-SF-117);高等学校学科创新引智计划项目(D18013);教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目(IRT_17R62)

Effects of fertilizer application rate on vegetation and soil restoration of coal mine spoils in an alpine mining area

Xin-guang YANG1,2(), Xi-lai LI2(), Pan-pan MA2, Jing ZHANG2, Wei ZHOU3   

  1. 1.College of Eco-environment and Resources,Qinghai Nationalities University,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Highvalue Utilization of Characteristic Economic Plants,Xi’ning 810007,China
    2.College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xi’ning 810016,China
    3.School of Land Science and Technology,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China
  • Received:2020-06-15 Revised:2020-07-21 Online:2021-07-09 Published:2021-07-09
  • Contact: Xi-lai LI

摘要:

煤矿开采过程中堆积的煤矸石山土壤营养元素缺乏,施肥是改善土壤理化状况、促进植被重建的有效手段。以高寒矿区煤矸石山人工建植草地为研究对象,通过设置轻施肥、中施肥、重施肥、1年不施肥、多年不施肥处理,研究不同施肥水平下的草地群落结构、植物生长和土壤性质变化特征,同时分析植物和土壤因子之间的关系,探讨该地区生态系统恢复的适宜施肥水平。结果表明:不同施肥水平的样地物种组成未发生明显变化。与对照相比,重施肥引起群落多样性、均匀性指数显著下降(P<0.05),多年不施肥引起群落丰富度、多样性指数显著下降(P<0.05),施肥过多或多年不施肥均不利于草地群落稳定。与对照相比,轻施肥、中施肥和重施肥措施均不同程度上增加了人工草地植被盖度、密度、高度和地上部分生物量,中施肥措施增加效果相对更好。与对照相比,重施肥措施显著增加了土壤碱解氮、全磷和速效磷含量(P<0.05),中施肥措施更有利于土壤有机质含量的积累。除土壤pH值之外,植被生长指标与土壤指标之间相互促进,特别是植被生长指标与土壤全钾和有机质含量达到极显著正相关(P<0.01)。适量施肥有利于江仓矿区煤矸石山植被生长和土壤性质的改善,而施肥量过大和不施肥均不利于人工草地生态系统的稳定发展。

关键词: 施肥水平, 高寒矿区, 煤矸石山, 植被恢复, 土壤恢复

Abstract:

Spoils accumulated in the process of coal mining are usually deficient in plant nutrients. Fertilization is an effective means to improve the soil physical and chemical conditions and promote the revegetation of coal mine spoils. This research studied the establishment of artificial grassland on coal mine spoils in Jiangcang alpine mining area, and explored the appropriate fertilization level for ecosystem restoration in this locality. Treatments imposed included light, medium, and heavy fertilizer application, no fertilization within the first year (CK), and no fertilization within 5 years, and the grassland community structure, plant growth and soil properties were characterized under the different fertilizer regimes. Correlations between plant and soil parameters were evaluated. The main results were as follows: There were no significant differences in species composition among the different fertilizer application levels, but the community diversity and evenness indexes decreased significantly (P<0.05) under heavy fertilization, and the community richness and diversity index decreased significantly (P<0.05) compared with CK after 5 years without fertilization. Both excessive fertilization and a period of some years without fertilization were detrimental to the stability of the grassland community. Compared with CK, light fertilization, moderate fertilization and heavy fertilization increased the vegetation cover, plant density, height and above-ground biomass of the established artificial grassland to varying degrees, and the results under moderate fertilization were superior to those of other treatments. Compared with CK, heavy fertilization significantly increased soil available nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus content (P<0.05). Moderate fertilization was more conducive to the accumulation of soil organic matter compared with other treatments. With the exception of soil pH value, plant growth parameters were positively correlated with soil properties. In particular, there was a significant positive correlation between plant growth parameters and soil total potassium and soil organic matter content (P<0.01). In summary, an appropriate level of fertilization improved vegetation growth and soil properties of artificial grassland established on coal mine spoils. However, both too much fertilizer application and no fertilizer application were detrimental to the stability of the artificial grassland ecosystem in Jiangcang mining region.

Key words: fertilization level, alpine mining area, coal mine spoils, vegetation restoration, soil restoration