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草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 36-45.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020353

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

青土湖典型湿地白刺灌丛沙堆群落物种多样性及土壤养分变化特征研究

韩福贵1,2(), 满多清2, 郑庆钟2, 赵艳丽2(), 张裕年2, 肖斌2, 付贵全2, 杜娟2   

  1. 1.甘肃省治沙研究所-甘肃河西走廊森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,甘肃 武威 733000
    2.甘肃省治沙研究所-荒漠化与风沙灾害防治国家重点实验室培育基地,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-28 修回日期:2020-09-09 出版日期:2021-01-20 发布日期:2021-01-08
  • 通讯作者: 赵艳丽
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: zhyl_gs@163.com
    韩福贵 (1964-),女,甘肃民勤人,副研究员,本科。E-mail: hanfug2008@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    省级重点研发计划项目(18YF1NA019);国家自然科学基金项目(31460134);国家自然科学基金项目(31760238)

Species diversity and soil nutrient changes of a Nitraria tangutorum shrub community in Qingtu Lake wetland

Fu-gui HAN1,2(), Duo-qing MAN2, Qing-zhong ZHENG2, Yan-li ZHAO2(), Yu-nian ZHANG2, Bin XIAO2, Gui-quan FU2, Juan DU2   

  1. 1.National Observation Station on Forest Ecosystems in Hexi Corridor of Gansu,Gansu Hexi Corridor Forest Ecosystem National Research Station,Wuwei 733000,China
    2.State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Desertification and Aeolian Sand Disaster Combating,Gansu Desert Control Research Institute,Lanzhou 730070,China
  • Received:2020-07-28 Revised:2020-09-09 Online:2021-01-20 Published:2021-01-08
  • Contact: Yan-li ZHAO

摘要:

通过对青土湖典型湿地白刺灌丛沙堆群落物种多样性及土壤养分变化特征的研究发现:1)调查群落中共有植物15种,分属6科15属,其中藜科7属,蒺藜科3属,菊科2属,禾本科、茄科和萝藦科均为1属,占总种科数的50.00%和总种属数的80.00%。2)白刺灌丛重要值在重度盐碱地最高为54.72,其次为盐碱沙地、黄色粉砂地和灰白色粉砂地,分别为35.00、31.16、22.22,半固定沙地最低为15.65。3)在Margalef丰富度指数、Shanon-Wiener多样性指数中灰白色粉砂地与其他几个样地差异显著(P<0.05);Simpson多样性指数、群落优势度指数、Pielou均匀度指数中各样地之间差异不显著(P>0.05);在Alatulo均匀度指数中各样地之间差异显著(P<0.05)。4)土壤有机物质含量最高为水淹地,以10~20 cm土层深度含量最高,40~60 cm含量最低;全磷含量最高为沙丘上部,以5~10 cm土层深度含量最高,40~60 cm含量最低;全氮含量最高为平地,以0~5 cm土层深度含量最高,20~40 cm含量最低;全钾含量最高为沙丘下部,以20~40 cm土层深度含量最高,5~10 cm含量最低。5)非水淹和常水淹土壤含水率随着土层的加深呈现逐渐增加的趋势,在40~60 cm后土层趋于稳定,常被水淹的地区影响白刺灌丛土壤水分,增强细砂粒在地表区域的沉降。地下水位的逐年抬升,从2006年的-4.1 m回升到2019年的-3.0 m,具有明显的年代变化规律,符合回归方程:Y=-0.0017X2+0.1275X-4.274 (R2=0.9804),且差异显著 (P<0.05)。

关键词: 青土湖, 白刺灌丛, 物种多样性, 土壤养分, 土壤水分

Abstract:

This paper results from a study of species diversity and soil nutrient variation in a Nitrariatangutorum shrub community in Qingtu Lake Wetland. It was found that: 1) There were 15 species in the community, belonging to 6 families and 15 genera, including 7 genera of Chenopodiaceae, 3 genera of Tribulaceae, 2 genera of Asclepiadaceae, and 1 genus each from the Poaceae, Solanaceae and Lauraceae. 2) The highest importance value for N. tangutorum was 54.72 in heavy saline-alkali soil. Importance values for saline sandy soil, yellow silty sandy soil, gray-white silty sandy soil, and semi-fixed sandy soil were, respectively 35.00, 31.16, 22.22, and 15.65. 3) For Margalef richness index and Shannon-Weiner diversity index, there were significant differences (P<0.05) between gray-white silty soil and other soils; for Simpson diversity index, community dominance index and Pielou evenness index, there were no significant differences between soil categories (P>0.05); for Alatulo evenness index, there were significant differences (P<0.05). 4) The highest soil organic matter content was in wetland area, with the greatest concentration at 10-20 cm depth, and the lowest at 40-60 cm depth; the highest content of total phosphorus was in the upper part of the shrub dune, with the highest concentration at 5-10 cm depth, and the lowest at 40-60 cm depth; the highest content of total nitrogen was at the land among dune with the highest N content at 0-5 cm depth, and the lowest at 20-40 cm depth; 5) The soil water content in waterlogged and non-waterlogged land (dunes) increased gradually with increasing soil depth, to a maximum below 40-60 cm soil depth. The water content of Nitraria shrub dunes was increased when growing in waterlogged areas, and settlement of fine sand on the soil surface in waterlogged areas enhanced. The groundwater level at the study site has steadily risen from approximately -4.1 m in 2006 to -3.0 m in 2019, fitting the regression equation: Water depth=-0.0017X2+0.1275X-4.274, where X denotes year (R2=0.9804; P<0.05).

Key words: Qingtu Lake, Nitrariatangutorum shrub, species diversity, soil nutrients, soil moisture