草业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (12): 17-26.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020018
崔雨萱1(), 孙宗玖1,2,3(), 刘慧霞1, 董乙强1,2,3
收稿日期:
2020-01-17
修回日期:
2020-04-02
出版日期:
2020-12-28
发布日期:
2020-12-28
通讯作者:
孙宗玖
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: nmszj@21cn.com基金资助:
Yu-xuan CUI1(), Zong-jiu SUN1,2,3(), Hui-xia LIU1, Yi-qiang DONG1,2,3
Received:
2020-01-17
Revised:
2020-04-02
Online:
2020-12-28
Published:
2020-12-28
Contact:
Zong-jiu SUN
摘要:
为明确荒漠草地植物群落特征对短期封育的适应情况,采用成对试验设计,研究短期封育对天山北坡不同区域蒿类荒漠草地地上活体生物量、凋落物生物量、地下生物量及其植物群落多样性的影响。结果表明:封育后新源、玛纳斯、呼图壁、奇台等地的蒿类荒漠草地地上活体生物量较放牧区(CK)分别显著增加98.91%、65.99%、246.66%、91.91%,而博乐的变化不显著。封育后半灌木地上活体生物量较CK显著提高65.56%~265.47%,而多年生草本、一年生草本类因所处样地差异而有所不同。封育促进蒿类荒漠草地地下生物量的积累,仅博乐、呼图壁样地较CK显著增加65.16%~151.89%,且主要集中在0~5 cm,但封育对所有样地凋落物生物量的积累影响不显著。封育后博乐样地Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou指数较CK分别显著增加15.12%、14.88%、11.54%;新源样地Patrick指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou指数较CK分别显著降低62.12%、64.54%、58.02%、34.81%;玛纳斯样地的Patrick指数较CK显著降低32.48%,而Pielou指数较CK显著增加21.90%;呼图壁样地的Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数较CK分别显著降低73.21%、68.69%;而奇台样地的群落多样性没有显著影响。总体看,短期封育利于退化蒿类荒漠草地生物量的积累,而对植物群落多样性的影响因地区不同而不同。
崔雨萱, 孙宗玖, 刘慧霞, 董乙强. 短期封育对蒿类荒漠草地现存生物量及植物群落多样性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(12): 17-26.
Yu-xuan CUI, Zong-jiu SUN, Hui-xia LIU, Yi-qiang DONG. Effects of short-term grazing exclusion on standing biomass and plant community diversity in sagebrush desert[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(12): 17-26.
样地 Site | 新源县 Xinyuan (XY) | 博乐市 Bole (BL) | 玛纳斯县 Manasi (MNS) | 呼图壁县 Hutubi (HTB) | 奇台县 Qitai (QT) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
地理位置Geographical position | N 43°22′, E 82°36′ | N 44°50′, E 81°39′ | N 44°01′, E 86°09′ | N 43°58′, E 86°32′ | N 43°47′, E 89°25′ |
年均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm) | 204 | 200 | 172 | 224 | 160 |
年均气温 Mean annual temperature (℃) | 7.13 | 6.10 | 8.18 | 6.79 | 7.17 |
海拔Elevation (m) | 887 | 1110 | 1033 | 978 | 1227 |
土壤基质Soil texture | 土质Soil | 砾石质Gravelly | 土质Soil | 土质Soil | 土质Soil |
封育年限Period of grazing exclusion (a) | 7 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 7 |
群落高度Community height (cm) | 19.71 | 37.21 | 40.26 | 37.57 | 24.09 |
群落盖度Community coverage (%) | 33.88 | 30.20 | 51.56 | 41.60 | 40.60 |
群落密度Community density (g·m-2) | 422.60 | 103.00 | 183.16 | 191.20 | 193.00 |
优势种Dominant species | 伊犁绢蒿 S. transiliense | 博洛塔绢蒿+木地肤 S. borotalalense+K. prostrata | 伊犁绢蒿+叉毛蓬 S. transiliense+P. sibirica | 伊犁绢蒿+叉毛蓬 S. transiliense+P. sibirica | 伊犁绢蒿+木地肤+短柱苔草 S. transiliense+K. prostrate+C. turkestanica |
表1 试验样地基本信息
Table 1 The basic condition of experiment site
样地 Site | 新源县 Xinyuan (XY) | 博乐市 Bole (BL) | 玛纳斯县 Manasi (MNS) | 呼图壁县 Hutubi (HTB) | 奇台县 Qitai (QT) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
地理位置Geographical position | N 43°22′, E 82°36′ | N 44°50′, E 81°39′ | N 44°01′, E 86°09′ | N 43°58′, E 86°32′ | N 43°47′, E 89°25′ |
年均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm) | 204 | 200 | 172 | 224 | 160 |
年均气温 Mean annual temperature (℃) | 7.13 | 6.10 | 8.18 | 6.79 | 7.17 |
海拔Elevation (m) | 887 | 1110 | 1033 | 978 | 1227 |
土壤基质Soil texture | 土质Soil | 砾石质Gravelly | 土质Soil | 土质Soil | 土质Soil |
封育年限Period of grazing exclusion (a) | 7 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 7 |
群落高度Community height (cm) | 19.71 | 37.21 | 40.26 | 37.57 | 24.09 |
群落盖度Community coverage (%) | 33.88 | 30.20 | 51.56 | 41.60 | 40.60 |
群落密度Community density (g·m-2) | 422.60 | 103.00 | 183.16 | 191.20 | 193.00 |
优势种Dominant species | 伊犁绢蒿 S. transiliense | 博洛塔绢蒿+木地肤 S. borotalalense+K. prostrata | 伊犁绢蒿+叉毛蓬 S. transiliense+P. sibirica | 伊犁绢蒿+叉毛蓬 S. transiliense+P. sibirica | 伊犁绢蒿+木地肤+短柱苔草 S. transiliense+K. prostrate+C. turkestanica |
指标 Index | 封育 Grazing exclusion | 样地 Plot | 封育×样地 Grazing exclusion×plot |
---|---|---|---|
地上活体生物量Aboveground biomass (AGB, g·m-2) | 99.31** | 48.24** | 22.55** |
半灌木生物量Semi shrub biomass (SSB, g·m-2) | 119.73** | 51.71** | 21.21** |
多年生草本生物量Perennials herbaceous biomass (PHB, g·m-2) | 4.85* | 5.45** | 4.19** |
一年生草本生物量Annual herbaceous biomass (AHB, g·m-2) | 6.20* | 4.56** | 4.93** |
凋落物生物量Litter biomass (LB, g·m-2) | 1.36 | 8.35** | 2.86* |
地下生物量Below-ground biomass (BGB, g·m-2) | 5.06* | 16.56** | 2.00 |
Patrick指数Patrick index (Pa) | 92.19** | 35.45** | 20.38** |
Shannon-Wiener指数Shannon-Wiener index (H) | 107.50** | 32.36** | 39.68** |
Simpson指数Simpson index (D) | 10.22** | 8.39** | 21.32** |
Pielou指数Pielou index (Jsw) | 89.57** | 16.59** | 33.36** |
表2 封育对蒿类荒漠群落数量特征的影响
Table 2 Effects of grazing exclusion on sagebrushdesert community characteristics
指标 Index | 封育 Grazing exclusion | 样地 Plot | 封育×样地 Grazing exclusion×plot |
---|---|---|---|
地上活体生物量Aboveground biomass (AGB, g·m-2) | 99.31** | 48.24** | 22.55** |
半灌木生物量Semi shrub biomass (SSB, g·m-2) | 119.73** | 51.71** | 21.21** |
多年生草本生物量Perennials herbaceous biomass (PHB, g·m-2) | 4.85* | 5.45** | 4.19** |
一年生草本生物量Annual herbaceous biomass (AHB, g·m-2) | 6.20* | 4.56** | 4.93** |
凋落物生物量Litter biomass (LB, g·m-2) | 1.36 | 8.35** | 2.86* |
地下生物量Below-ground biomass (BGB, g·m-2) | 5.06* | 16.56** | 2.00 |
Patrick指数Patrick index (Pa) | 92.19** | 35.45** | 20.38** |
Shannon-Wiener指数Shannon-Wiener index (H) | 107.50** | 32.36** | 39.68** |
Simpson指数Simpson index (D) | 10.22** | 8.39** | 21.32** |
Pielou指数Pielou index (Jsw) | 89.57** | 16.59** | 33.36** |
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