草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (8): 86-97.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020570
收稿日期:
2020-12-16
修回日期:
2021-01-19
出版日期:
2021-07-09
发布日期:
2021-07-09
通讯作者:
刘方
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: lfang6435@163.com基金资助:
Jun REN1,2(), Yao SHI2, Fang LIU1(), Rong TIAN2, Xing LIU2
Received:
2020-12-16
Revised:
2021-01-19
Online:
2021-07-09
Published:
2021-07-09
Contact:
Fang LIU
摘要:
为明确锰矿废渣堆场重金属污染及优势草本植物重金属吸收特征,对贵州省典型锰矿废渣堆场的重金属污染风险进行了评价,并调查研究了锰矿废渣堆场草本植物的类群及重金属吸收特征。共采集优势草本植物18种,隶属11科18属,菊科和禾本科为优势科。对18种草本植物体地上部、地下部及其生长基质中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb和Mn 7种重金属元素进行了测定,结果显示,锰矿废渣堆场重金属污染空间变异较大,Mn污染最严重,其次是Cd,属于Mn、Cd复合型污染。计算了草本植物对7种重金属元素的富集系数、转运系数,并对18种草本植物进行了聚类分析,综合分析了草本植物重金属吸收特征,结果显示,看麦娘对Cd富集系数达22.49,对Cd有较强的富集能力;五节芒、商陆对Cr、Ni具有较强的富集能力和转运能力;风毛菊和夏枯草对锰矿废渣区多种重金属均表现出较强的富集能力和转运能力。研究结果表明,锰矿废渣堆场主要为Mn和Cd污染,矿区本土自然生长的优势草本植物可作为生态修复的首选植物。
任军, 石遥, 刘方, 田蓉, 刘兴. 贵州锰矿废渣堆场重金属污染风险评价及草本植物重金属吸收特征[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(8): 86-97.
Jun REN, Yao SHI, Fang LIU, Rong TIAN, Xing LIU. An assessment of heavy metal absorption patterns in herbaceous plants and pollution risks in manganese mining areas in Guizhou Province[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(8): 86-97.
统计值 Statistics | Cr | Ni | Cu | Zn | Cd | Pb | Mn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
最大值Maximum value (mg·kg-1) | 182.03 | 129.87 | 111.60 | 231.62 | 1.84 | 63.08 | 108584.70 |
最小值Minimum value (mg·kg-1) | 39.21 | 7.11 | 9.37 | 50.34 | 0.23 | 17.64 | 9458.71 |
平均值Mean (mg·kg-1) | 81.84 | 23.66 | 24.73 | 100.34 | 0.50 | 26.28 | 31569.47 |
标准差Standard deviation (mg·kg-1) | 34.58 | 26.93 | 22.48 | 45.13 | 0.37 | 9.87 | 26421.48 |
变异系数Coefficient of variation (%) | 42.25 | 113.82 | 90.90 | 44.98 | 74.00 | 37.56 | 83.69 |
贵州省土壤背景值Background value of Guizhou Province (mg·kg-1) | 86.60 | 33.70 | 25.70 | 82.40 | 0.13 | 29.30 | 591.00 |
GB 15618-2018 (6.5<pH≤7.5, mg·kg-1) | 200.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 250.00 | 0.30 | 120.00 | - |
表1 锰矿废渣堆场重金属含量
Table 1 Contents of heavy metals in the manganese waste residue areas
统计值 Statistics | Cr | Ni | Cu | Zn | Cd | Pb | Mn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
最大值Maximum value (mg·kg-1) | 182.03 | 129.87 | 111.60 | 231.62 | 1.84 | 63.08 | 108584.70 |
最小值Minimum value (mg·kg-1) | 39.21 | 7.11 | 9.37 | 50.34 | 0.23 | 17.64 | 9458.71 |
平均值Mean (mg·kg-1) | 81.84 | 23.66 | 24.73 | 100.34 | 0.50 | 26.28 | 31569.47 |
标准差Standard deviation (mg·kg-1) | 34.58 | 26.93 | 22.48 | 45.13 | 0.37 | 9.87 | 26421.48 |
变异系数Coefficient of variation (%) | 42.25 | 113.82 | 90.90 | 44.98 | 74.00 | 37.56 | 83.69 |
贵州省土壤背景值Background value of Guizhou Province (mg·kg-1) | 86.60 | 33.70 | 25.70 | 82.40 | 0.13 | 29.30 | 591.00 |
GB 15618-2018 (6.5<pH≤7.5, mg·kg-1) | 200.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 250.00 | 0.30 | 120.00 | - |
植物Plant | 科Family | 属Genus | 生活类型Biotype |
---|---|---|---|
商陆Phytolacca acinosa | 商陆科 Phytolaccaceae | 商陆属Phytolacca | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
博落回 Macleaya cordata | 罂粟科Papaveraceae | 博落回属Macleaya | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
野艾蒿Artemisia lavandulifolia | 菊科Asteraceae | 蒿属Artemisia | 二年生草本Biennial herb |
小蓬草 Erigeron canadensis | 菊科Asteraceae | 飞蓬属Erigeron | 一年生草本Annual herb |
琉璃草 Cynoglossum furcatum | 紫草科Boraginaceae | 琉璃草属Cynoglossum | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
夏枯草 Prunella vulgaris | 唇形科 Lamiaceae | 夏枯草属Prunella | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
三脉紫菀 Aster trinervius | 菊科Asteraceae | 紫菀属Aster | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
鸭儿芹 Cryptotaenia japonica | 伞形科Umbelliferae | 鸭儿芹属Cryptotaenia | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
柠檬草 Cymbopogon citratus | 禾本科Gramineae | 香茅属Cymbopogon | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
还亮草 Delphinium anthriscifolium | 毛茛科Ranunculaceae | 翠雀属Delphinium | 一年生草本Annual herb |
繁缕 Stellaria media | 石竹科Caryophyllaceae | 繁缕属Stellaria | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
高羊茅 Festuca elata | 禾本科Gramineae | 羊茅属Festuca | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
看麦娘 Alopecurus aequalis | 禾本科Gramineae | 看麦娘属Alopecurus | 一年生草本Annual herb |
五节芒 M. floridulus | 禾本科Gramineae | 芒属Miscanthus | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
风毛菊 Saussurea japonica | 菊科Asteraceae | 风毛菊属 Saussurea | 二年生草本Biennial herb |
蒲儿根 Sinosenecio oldhamianus | 菊科Asteraceae | 蒲儿根属Sinosenecio | 二年生草本Biennial herb |
毛蕨 Cyclosorus interruptus | 金星蕨科Thelypteridaceae | 毛蕨属Cyclosorus | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
荠 Capsella bursa-pastoris | 十字花科Cruciferae | 荠属Capsella | 一年生草本Annual herb |
表2 锰矿废渣区优势植物种组成
Table 2 Composition of dominant plant species in manganese ore waste residue area
植物Plant | 科Family | 属Genus | 生活类型Biotype |
---|---|---|---|
商陆Phytolacca acinosa | 商陆科 Phytolaccaceae | 商陆属Phytolacca | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
博落回 Macleaya cordata | 罂粟科Papaveraceae | 博落回属Macleaya | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
野艾蒿Artemisia lavandulifolia | 菊科Asteraceae | 蒿属Artemisia | 二年生草本Biennial herb |
小蓬草 Erigeron canadensis | 菊科Asteraceae | 飞蓬属Erigeron | 一年生草本Annual herb |
琉璃草 Cynoglossum furcatum | 紫草科Boraginaceae | 琉璃草属Cynoglossum | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
夏枯草 Prunella vulgaris | 唇形科 Lamiaceae | 夏枯草属Prunella | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
三脉紫菀 Aster trinervius | 菊科Asteraceae | 紫菀属Aster | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
鸭儿芹 Cryptotaenia japonica | 伞形科Umbelliferae | 鸭儿芹属Cryptotaenia | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
柠檬草 Cymbopogon citratus | 禾本科Gramineae | 香茅属Cymbopogon | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
还亮草 Delphinium anthriscifolium | 毛茛科Ranunculaceae | 翠雀属Delphinium | 一年生草本Annual herb |
繁缕 Stellaria media | 石竹科Caryophyllaceae | 繁缕属Stellaria | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
高羊茅 Festuca elata | 禾本科Gramineae | 羊茅属Festuca | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
看麦娘 Alopecurus aequalis | 禾本科Gramineae | 看麦娘属Alopecurus | 一年生草本Annual herb |
五节芒 M. floridulus | 禾本科Gramineae | 芒属Miscanthus | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
风毛菊 Saussurea japonica | 菊科Asteraceae | 风毛菊属 Saussurea | 二年生草本Biennial herb |
蒲儿根 Sinosenecio oldhamianus | 菊科Asteraceae | 蒲儿根属Sinosenecio | 二年生草本Biennial herb |
毛蕨 Cyclosorus interruptus | 金星蕨科Thelypteridaceae | 毛蕨属Cyclosorus | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
荠 Capsella bursa-pastoris | 十字花科Cruciferae | 荠属Capsella | 一年生草本Annual herb |
植物Plant | 部位Position | Cr | Ni | Cu | Zn | Cd | Pb | Mn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
商陆 P. acinosa | 地上部 Aboveground | 53.90 | 36.82 | 13.20 | 59.00 | 1.44 | 2.48 | 168.60 |
地下部 Underground | 11.58 | 11.35 | 11.55 | 48.42 | 0.45 | 1.22 | 107.86 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 105.80 | 25.21 | 21.72 | 138.07 | 0.48 | 26.47 | 17893.95 | |
博落回 M. cordata | 地上部 Aboveground | 16.87 | 10.85 | 12.30 | 78.82 | 0.27 | 2.47 | 173.75 |
地下部 Underground | 45.13 | 22.82 | 10.15 | 60.50 | 1.28 | 2.69 | 327.57 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 101.61 | 37.93 | 31.84 | 165.23 | 0.38 | 37.78 | 13283.75 | |
野艾蒿 A. lavandulifolia | 地上部 Aboveground | 11.76 | 7.33 | 8.84 | 74.11 | 1.16 | 2.83 | 198.25 |
地下部 Underground | 21.33 | 12.50 | 9.75 | 49.51 | 2.24 | 6.07 | 507.06 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 103.17 | 18.32 | 16.66 | 98.33 | 0.36 | 21.36 | 9633.57 | |
小蓬草 E. canadensis | 地上部 Aboveground | 16.09 | 7.28 | 22.83 | 75.43 | 0.23 | 3.22 | 612.53 |
地下部 Underground | 28.90 | 13.40 | 67.23 | 69.12 | 4.13 | 4.16 | 622.99 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 75.18 | 24.23 | 20.80 | 127.92 | 0.52 | 26.50 | 20829.08 | |
琉璃草 C. furcatum | 地上部 Aboveground | 9.77 | 8.10 | 17.44 | 56.06 | 3.04 | 1.68 | 186.68 |
地下部 Underground | 28.58 | 10.98 | 18.85 | 45.66 | 0.19 | 2.83 | 407.44 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 115.26 | 19.38 | 17.65 | 103.39 | 0.38 | 23.56 | 9528.35 | |
夏枯草 P. vulgaris | 地上部 Aboveground | 57.45 | 32.63 | 20.45 | 115.13 | 0.33 | 3.83 | 1214.99 |
地下部 Underground | 18.98 | 10.02 | 20.02 | 98.60 | 2.30 | 8.96 | 1573.00 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 60.85 | 8.44 | 9.37 | 50.34 | 0.28 | 23.66 | 30653.88 | |
三脉紫菀 A. trinervius | 地上部 Aboveground | 55.88 | 21.24 | 21.25 | 57.98 | 0.25 | 2.55 | 649.17 |
地下部 Underground | 33.87 | 20.03 | 14.73 | 45.47 | 4.04 | 1.49 | 1067.34 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 64.28 | 23.33 | 32.99 | 128.67 | 0.44 | 27.75 | 87189.31 | |
鸭儿芹 C. japonica | 地上部 Aboveground | 13.37 | 7.54 | 11.15 | 55.04 | 0.16 | 3.06 | 407.92 |
地下部 Underground | 29.81 | 13.94 | 5.59 | 42.59 | 3.50 | 2.94 | 1010.20 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 67.79 | 13.99 | 16.89 | 81.11 | 0.35 | 21.71 | 58705.67 | |
柠檬草 C. citratus | 地上部 Aboveground | 5.56 | 6.57 | 11.25 | 43.36 | 1.98 | 1.58 | 325.24 |
地下部 Underground | 21.02 | 14.21 | 57.73 | 53.26 | 2.18 | 3.96 | 897.36 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 63.85 | 7.11 | 10.99 | 52.19 | 0.23 | 25.92 | 29630.40 | |
还亮草 D. anthriscifolium | 地上部 Aboveground | 38.47 | 13.80 | 6.37 | 54.03 | 0.43 | 1.63 | 70.34 |
地下部 Underground | 10.02 | 8.38 | 6.90 | 144.32 | 3.56 | 3.44 | 437.92 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 133.57 | 20.55 | 18.60 | 100.18 | 0.39 | 22.20 | 9458.71 | |
繁缕 S. media | 地上部 Aboveground | 56.15 | 20.80 | 17.53 | 151.31 | 0.11 | 2.92 | 2576.03 |
地下部 Underground | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 182.03 | 21.40 | 40.27 | 67.53 | 0.31 | 63.08 | 9683.26 | |
高羊茅 F. elata | 地上部 Aboveground | 6.56 | 7.58 | 9.83 | 49.34 | 0.29 | 3.65 | 393.86 |
地下部 Underground | 32.21 | 12.65 | 12.33 | 68.21 | 2.50 | 102.23 | 2048.76 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 73.35 | 19.83 | 17.43 | 75.46 | 0.34 | 21.89 | 18611.12 | |
看麦娘 A. aequalis | 地上部 Aboveground | 5.76 | 5.09 | 1.09 | 44.89 | 5.14 | 0.58 | 508.93 |
地下部 Underground | 5.64 | 5.07 | 1.09 | 44.67 | 5.13 | 0.59 | 136.84 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 63.85 | 7.11 | 10.99 | 52.19 | 0.23 | 25.92 | 29630.40 | |
五节芒 M. floridulus | 地上部 Aboveground | 18.35 | 7.28 | 5.62 | 40.24 | 1.32 | 4.86 | 490.89 |
地下部 Underground | 4.08 | 3.31 | 8.10 | 33.18 | 1.50 | 1.74 | 2614.13 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 60.33 | 7.33 | 11.56 | 50.39 | 0.32 | 24.56 | 27830.28 | |
风毛菊 S. japonica | 地上部 Aboveground | 14.78 | 7.59 | 16.35 | 157.73 | 0.24 | 2.76 | 580.44 |
地下部 Underground | 5.27 | 5.38 | 33.32 | 51.11 | 0.66 | 2.47 | 147.20 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 39.21 | 129.87 | 111.60 | 231.62 | 1.84 | 17.64 | 25098.09 | |
蒲儿根 S. oldhamianus | 地上部 Aboveground | 63.67 | 20.49 | 19.72 | 68.50 | 0.25 | 2.47 | 2747.48 |
地下部 Underground | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 57.78 | 20.56 | 18.22 | 77.73 | 0.42 | 23.19 | 108584.74 | |
毛蕨 C. interruptus | 地上部 Aboveground | 7.16 | 4.89 | 10.45 | 52.15 | 1.09 | 1.06 | 365.03 |
地下部 Underground | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 52.60 | 10.65 | 18.82 | 102.90 | 0.91 | 19.92 | 31002.97 | |
荠 C. bursa-pastoris | 地上部 Aboveground | 9.53 | 6.88 | 4.20 | 54.18 | 2.77 | 23.08 | 292.55 |
地下部 Underground | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 52.60 | 10.65 | 18.82 | 102.90 | 0.91 | 19.92 | 31002.97 |
表3 锰矿废渣区草本植物及其生长基质中重金属含量
Table 3 Content of heavy metals in herbaceous plants and their growing matrix (mg·kg-1)
植物Plant | 部位Position | Cr | Ni | Cu | Zn | Cd | Pb | Mn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
商陆 P. acinosa | 地上部 Aboveground | 53.90 | 36.82 | 13.20 | 59.00 | 1.44 | 2.48 | 168.60 |
地下部 Underground | 11.58 | 11.35 | 11.55 | 48.42 | 0.45 | 1.22 | 107.86 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 105.80 | 25.21 | 21.72 | 138.07 | 0.48 | 26.47 | 17893.95 | |
博落回 M. cordata | 地上部 Aboveground | 16.87 | 10.85 | 12.30 | 78.82 | 0.27 | 2.47 | 173.75 |
地下部 Underground | 45.13 | 22.82 | 10.15 | 60.50 | 1.28 | 2.69 | 327.57 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 101.61 | 37.93 | 31.84 | 165.23 | 0.38 | 37.78 | 13283.75 | |
野艾蒿 A. lavandulifolia | 地上部 Aboveground | 11.76 | 7.33 | 8.84 | 74.11 | 1.16 | 2.83 | 198.25 |
地下部 Underground | 21.33 | 12.50 | 9.75 | 49.51 | 2.24 | 6.07 | 507.06 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 103.17 | 18.32 | 16.66 | 98.33 | 0.36 | 21.36 | 9633.57 | |
小蓬草 E. canadensis | 地上部 Aboveground | 16.09 | 7.28 | 22.83 | 75.43 | 0.23 | 3.22 | 612.53 |
地下部 Underground | 28.90 | 13.40 | 67.23 | 69.12 | 4.13 | 4.16 | 622.99 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 75.18 | 24.23 | 20.80 | 127.92 | 0.52 | 26.50 | 20829.08 | |
琉璃草 C. furcatum | 地上部 Aboveground | 9.77 | 8.10 | 17.44 | 56.06 | 3.04 | 1.68 | 186.68 |
地下部 Underground | 28.58 | 10.98 | 18.85 | 45.66 | 0.19 | 2.83 | 407.44 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 115.26 | 19.38 | 17.65 | 103.39 | 0.38 | 23.56 | 9528.35 | |
夏枯草 P. vulgaris | 地上部 Aboveground | 57.45 | 32.63 | 20.45 | 115.13 | 0.33 | 3.83 | 1214.99 |
地下部 Underground | 18.98 | 10.02 | 20.02 | 98.60 | 2.30 | 8.96 | 1573.00 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 60.85 | 8.44 | 9.37 | 50.34 | 0.28 | 23.66 | 30653.88 | |
三脉紫菀 A. trinervius | 地上部 Aboveground | 55.88 | 21.24 | 21.25 | 57.98 | 0.25 | 2.55 | 649.17 |
地下部 Underground | 33.87 | 20.03 | 14.73 | 45.47 | 4.04 | 1.49 | 1067.34 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 64.28 | 23.33 | 32.99 | 128.67 | 0.44 | 27.75 | 87189.31 | |
鸭儿芹 C. japonica | 地上部 Aboveground | 13.37 | 7.54 | 11.15 | 55.04 | 0.16 | 3.06 | 407.92 |
地下部 Underground | 29.81 | 13.94 | 5.59 | 42.59 | 3.50 | 2.94 | 1010.20 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 67.79 | 13.99 | 16.89 | 81.11 | 0.35 | 21.71 | 58705.67 | |
柠檬草 C. citratus | 地上部 Aboveground | 5.56 | 6.57 | 11.25 | 43.36 | 1.98 | 1.58 | 325.24 |
地下部 Underground | 21.02 | 14.21 | 57.73 | 53.26 | 2.18 | 3.96 | 897.36 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 63.85 | 7.11 | 10.99 | 52.19 | 0.23 | 25.92 | 29630.40 | |
还亮草 D. anthriscifolium | 地上部 Aboveground | 38.47 | 13.80 | 6.37 | 54.03 | 0.43 | 1.63 | 70.34 |
地下部 Underground | 10.02 | 8.38 | 6.90 | 144.32 | 3.56 | 3.44 | 437.92 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 133.57 | 20.55 | 18.60 | 100.18 | 0.39 | 22.20 | 9458.71 | |
繁缕 S. media | 地上部 Aboveground | 56.15 | 20.80 | 17.53 | 151.31 | 0.11 | 2.92 | 2576.03 |
地下部 Underground | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 182.03 | 21.40 | 40.27 | 67.53 | 0.31 | 63.08 | 9683.26 | |
高羊茅 F. elata | 地上部 Aboveground | 6.56 | 7.58 | 9.83 | 49.34 | 0.29 | 3.65 | 393.86 |
地下部 Underground | 32.21 | 12.65 | 12.33 | 68.21 | 2.50 | 102.23 | 2048.76 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 73.35 | 19.83 | 17.43 | 75.46 | 0.34 | 21.89 | 18611.12 | |
看麦娘 A. aequalis | 地上部 Aboveground | 5.76 | 5.09 | 1.09 | 44.89 | 5.14 | 0.58 | 508.93 |
地下部 Underground | 5.64 | 5.07 | 1.09 | 44.67 | 5.13 | 0.59 | 136.84 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 63.85 | 7.11 | 10.99 | 52.19 | 0.23 | 25.92 | 29630.40 | |
五节芒 M. floridulus | 地上部 Aboveground | 18.35 | 7.28 | 5.62 | 40.24 | 1.32 | 4.86 | 490.89 |
地下部 Underground | 4.08 | 3.31 | 8.10 | 33.18 | 1.50 | 1.74 | 2614.13 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 60.33 | 7.33 | 11.56 | 50.39 | 0.32 | 24.56 | 27830.28 | |
风毛菊 S. japonica | 地上部 Aboveground | 14.78 | 7.59 | 16.35 | 157.73 | 0.24 | 2.76 | 580.44 |
地下部 Underground | 5.27 | 5.38 | 33.32 | 51.11 | 0.66 | 2.47 | 147.20 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 39.21 | 129.87 | 111.60 | 231.62 | 1.84 | 17.64 | 25098.09 | |
蒲儿根 S. oldhamianus | 地上部 Aboveground | 63.67 | 20.49 | 19.72 | 68.50 | 0.25 | 2.47 | 2747.48 |
地下部 Underground | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 57.78 | 20.56 | 18.22 | 77.73 | 0.42 | 23.19 | 108584.74 | |
毛蕨 C. interruptus | 地上部 Aboveground | 7.16 | 4.89 | 10.45 | 52.15 | 1.09 | 1.06 | 365.03 |
地下部 Underground | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 52.60 | 10.65 | 18.82 | 102.90 | 0.91 | 19.92 | 31002.97 | |
荠 C. bursa-pastoris | 地上部 Aboveground | 9.53 | 6.88 | 4.20 | 54.18 | 2.77 | 23.08 | 292.55 |
地下部 Underground | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 52.60 | 10.65 | 18.82 | 102.90 | 0.91 | 19.92 | 31002.97 |
元素 Element | Cr | Ni | Cu | Zn | Cd | Pb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ni | -0.154 | |||||
Cu | -0.082 | 0.969** | ||||
Zn | -0.092 | 0.844** | 0.797** | |||
Cd | -0.392 | 0.825** | 0.833** | 0.755** | ||
Pb | 0.734** | -0.098 | 0.059 | -0.131 | -0.318 | |
Mn | -0.473* | -0.075 | -0.048 | -0.098 | -0.023 | -0.194 |
表4 草本植物生长基质中7种重金属元素相关性分析
Table 4 Correlation analysis of 7 heavy metal elements in herbaceous growth matrix
元素 Element | Cr | Ni | Cu | Zn | Cd | Pb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ni | -0.154 | |||||
Cu | -0.082 | 0.969** | ||||
Zn | -0.092 | 0.844** | 0.797** | |||
Cd | -0.392 | 0.825** | 0.833** | 0.755** | ||
Pb | 0.734** | -0.098 | 0.059 | -0.131 | -0.318 | |
Mn | -0.473* | -0.075 | -0.048 | -0.098 | -0.023 | -0.194 |
图 1 植物地上部重金属含量与超富集植物重金属含量临界值比值
Fig.1 Ratio of heavy metal content in plants aboveground to the critical value of heavy metal content in hyperaccumulators plants
1 | Liu R, Liu F, Shang Z S. Release characteristics of heavy metals of different manganese slags under the conditions of release and its effect on plant growth of seedlings. Environmental Science Survey, 2011, 30(1): 5-9. |
刘荣, 刘方, 商正松. 不同类型锰矿废渣浸提条件下重金属释放特征及其对植物种苗生长的影响. 环境科学导刊, 2011, 30(1): 5-9. | |
2 | Lu F. Pollution characteristics and environmental effects of heavy metals from manganese slag in typical manganese ore areas in Guizhou Province. Guiyang: Guizhou University, 2018. |
陆凤. 贵州典型锰矿区锰渣重金属污染特征及环境效应. 贵阳: 贵州大学, 2018. | |
3 | Li Q, Qin F, Ji H B, et al. Contents, sources and contamination assessment of soil heavy metals in gold mine area of upstream part of Miyun reservoir, Beijing, China. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2013, 32(12): 2384-2394. |
李倩, 秦飞, 季宏兵, 等. 北京市密云水库上游金矿区土壤重金属含量、来源及污染评价. 农业环境科学学报, 2013, 32(12): 2384-2394. | |
4 | Liu S, Wu Q Y, Cao X J, et al. Pollution assessment and spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soils of coal mining area in Longkou City. Environmental Science, 2016, 37(1): 270-279. |
刘硕, 吴泉源, 曹学江, 等. 龙口煤矿区土壤重金属污染评价与空间分布特征. 环境科学, 2016, 37(1): 270-279. | |
5 | Huang H Y. Analysis of pollution status of manganese mine wastewater and research on microbial remediation technology. Guiyang: Guizhou University, 2009. |
黄海燕. 锰矿废水污染现状分析与微生物修复技术研究. 贵阳: 贵州大学, 2009. | |
6 | Yang A J, Wu W, Yuan X, et al. Pollution of heavy metals in the soils around electrolytic manganese residue and dissolving-out characteristics of heavy metals in waste residues in simulated acid rain. Guizhou Agricultural Sciences, 2012, 40(3): 190-193. |
杨爱江, 吴维, 袁旭, 等. 电解锰废渣重金属对周边农田土壤的污染及模拟酸雨作用下的溶出特性. 贵州农业科学, 2012, 40(3): 190-193. | |
7 | Jiang Z H, Lu F, Ma X J, et al. Characteristics and health risk assessments of heavy metals in soils and vegetables in manganese mining areas in Tongren County, Guizhou Province, China. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 2020, 37(2): 293-300. |
蒋宗宏, 陆凤, 马先杰, 等. 贵州铜仁典型锰矿区土壤及蔬菜重金属污染特征及健康风险评价. 农业资源与环境学报, 2020, 37(2): 293-300. | |
8 | Ran Z Y, Wu P, Li X X, et al. Chemical characteristics and water quality assessment of leachate and surrounding water of manganese slag landfill site. Earth and Environment, 2015, 43(5): 529-535. |
冉争艳, 吴攀, 李学先, 等. 锰渣填埋场渗滤液及周边水体的水化学特征和质量评价. 地球与环境, 2015, 43(5): 529-535. | |
9 | Yang Y Q, Wang Q, Zhou L B. Research progress on remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by super-enriched plants. Chinese Society of Environmental Sciences, 2019: 6. |
杨越晴, 王琼, 周连碧. 超富集植物修复重金属污染土壤的研究进展. 中国环境科学学会, 2019: 6. | |
10 | Li J F. Research progress of heavy metal pollution hyperaccumulator in mining area at home. Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2020, 40(5): 138-143. |
李吉锋. 超累积植物修复矿区土壤重金属污染研究进展. 矿产保护与利用, 2020, 40(5): 138-143. | |
11 | Sun Z, Chen J, Wang X, et al. Heavy metal accumulation in native plants at a metallurgy waste site in rural areas of Northern China. Ecological Engineering, 2016, 86: 60-68. |
12 | Qin L, Zu Y Q, Li Y, et al. Heavy metal contents and accumulation characteristic of seven wild plants from the slagheap surrounding of Huize Lead-zinc tailings. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2013, 32(8): 1558-1563. |
秦丽, 祖艳群, 李元, 等. 会泽铅锌矿渣堆周边7种野生植物重金属含量及累积特征研究. 农业环境科学学报, 2013, 32(8): 1558-1563. | |
13 | Tang W J, Li M S. Heavy metal concentrations of dominant plants and bioaccumulation in three manganese mine wastelands, Guangxi. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2008(5): 1757-1763. |
唐文杰, 李明顺. 广西锰矿区废弃地优势植物重金属含量及富集特征. 农业环境科学学报, 2008(5): 1757-1763. | |
14 | Li Y Z, Luo J, Zhang C M, et al. Plant resources investigation and hyperaccumulator screening in Xiangtan manganese mine area of Hunan Province, central-south China. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2012, 31(1): 16-22. |
李有志, 罗佳, 张灿明, 等. 湘潭锰矿区植物资源调查及超富集植物筛选. 生态学杂志, 2012, 31(1): 16-22. | |
15 | Cui T T, Fang L C, Wang M C, et al. Intercropping of gramineous pasture ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and leguminous forage alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) increases the resistance of plants to heavy metals. Journal of Chemistry, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7803408. |
16 | Xu W H, Li W Y, He J P, et al. Effects of insoluble Zn, Cd, and EDTA on the growth, activities of antioxidant enzymes and uptake of Zn and Cd in Vetiveria zizanioides. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2009, 21(2): 186-192. |
17 | Zhao L, Luo Y Y. Research progress in screening heavy metal enrichment and superenrichment plants in herbaceous plants in China. Inner Mongolia Prataculture, 2009, 21(1): 43-47. |
赵磊, 罗于洋. 我国草本植物中重金属富集、超富集植物筛选研究进展. 内蒙古草业, 2009, 21(1): 43-47. | |
18 | Luo Y, Gao J, Luo X Q, et al. Effects of charcoal on growth and Cd uptake by Brassica chinensis in Cd-contaminated soils. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2018, 37(8): 1676-1682. |
罗洋, 高晋, 罗绪强, 等. 木炭施用对镉污染土壤小白菜生长及镉吸收的影响. 农业环境科学学报, 2018, 37(8): 1676-1682. | |
19 | Chen Z Y. Study on the migration of manganese in gangue-water-plant system by growth of Pinus massoniana. Guiyang: Guizhou University, 2016. |
陈祖拥. 马尾松生长对煤矸石-水-植物系统中锰的迁移特性研究. 贵阳: 贵州大学, 2016. | |
20 | Dun M J, Zhang Y X, Song B, et al. Heavy metal enrichment of dominant plants in Niujiaotang mining area Guizhou Province. Guihaia, 2020, http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/45.1134.Q.20200928.1629.002.html. |
顿梦杰, 张云霞, 宋波, 等. 贵州牛角塘铅锌矿区优势植物的重金属富集特征. 广西植物, 2020, http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/45.1134.Q.20200928.1629.002.html. | |
21 | Zou C P, Chen J F, Sun Y B, et al. Experimental study on cadmium enrichment and migration of Bidens alba L. South China Agriculture, 2015, 9(7): 23-26, 42. |
邹春萍, 陈金峰, 孙映波, 等. 白花鬼针草对镉的富集与迁移特性试验研究. 南方农业, 2015, 9(7): 23-26, 42. | |
22 | Zhang L, Zhang Y X, Song B, et al. Potential of accumulation and application of dominant plants in lanping lead-zinc mine, Yunnan Province. Environmental Science, 2020, 41(9): 4210-4217. |
张龙, 张云霞, 宋波, 等. 云南兰坪铅锌矿区优势植物重金属富集特性及应用潜力. 环境科学, 2020, 41(9): 4210-4217. | |
23 | Wang Y. Element chemistry of soil environment. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 1995: 35-37. |
王云. 土壤环境元素化学. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 1995: 35-37. | |
24 | Liu H, Xue S G, He Z X, et al. Germplasm collections and manganese tolerance mechanisms of manganese hyperaccumulator plants. Environmental Science & Technology, 2011, 34(6): 98-103. |
刘恒, 薛生国, 何哲祥, 等. 锰超富集植物种质资源及耐性机制研究进展. 环境科学与技术, 2011, 34(6): 98-103. | |
25 | Liu Y L, Wu J, Tang Y, et al. An investigation of heavy-metal concentration in dominant plant species in a zinc-lead mining area in Ganluo County of Sichuan Province. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2009, 29(4): 2020-2026. |
刘月莉, 伍钧, 唐亚, 等. 四川甘洛铅锌矿区优势植物的重金属含量. 生态学报, 2009, 29(4): 2020-2026. | |
26 | Gou T Z, Song W, Yan H G. Accumulation of heavy metals in 11 native plants growing in mercury (gold)-mining area of Danzhai County. Journal of Biology, 2020, http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/34.1081.Q.20200911.1421.004.html. |
苟体忠, 宋伟, 严红光. 丹寨汞(金)矿区11种本地植物的重金属富集特征. 生物学杂志, 2020, http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/34.1081.Q.20200911.1421.004.html. | |
27 | Yang H X, Zhang H J, Gao J X, et al. Effect of exposure levels and exposure time on subcellular distribution of cadmiumin Indian mustard (Brassica juncea). Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2014, 33(5): 723-729. |
杨红霞, 张惠娟, 高津旭, 等. 胁迫时间和胁迫浓度对超积累植物印度芥菜细胞中镉分布的影响. 岩矿测试, 2014, 33(5): 723-729. | |
28 | Yin Y C, Ji P H, Song X Y, et al. Field experiment on phytoremediation of cadmium contaminated soils using Solanum nigrum L.Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2014, 33(11): 3060-3067. |
殷永超, 吉普辉, 宋雪英, 等. 龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)野外场地规模Cd污染土壤修复试验. 生态学杂志, 2014, 33(11): 3060-3067. | |
29 | Zhang Y X, Zhou L, Xiao N C, et al. Remediation potential of Bidens. pilosa L. in cadmium-contaminated farmland. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020, 40(16): 5805-5813. |
张云霞, 周浪, 肖乃川, 等. 鬼针草(Bidens pilosa L.)对镉污染农田的修复潜力. 生态学报, 2020, 40(16): 5805-5813. | |
30 | Zhang C B, Wang J, Ke S S, et al. Effects of natural inhabitation by Miscanthus floridulus on heavy metal speciations and function and diversity of microbial community in mine tailing sand. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(4): 629-637. |
张崇邦, 王江, 柯世省, 等. 五节芒定居对尾矿砂重金属形态、微生物群落功能及多样性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(4): 629-637. | |
31 | Xu X Y, Xie M S, Bian J S, et al. The absorption efficiency of the dominant plant Miscanthus floridulus on heavymetals in Tailing area. Journal of Baoji University of Arts and Sciences (Natural Science Edition), 2019, 39(4): 55-60. |
徐晓莹, 谢泯生, 卞杰松, 等. 尾矿区优势植物五节芒对重金属的吸收效能研究. 宝鸡文理学院学报(自然科学版), 2019, 39(4): 55-60. | |
32 | Wang Y F, Yue Y C. Physiological response of Saussurea ussuriensis to Pb stress in Pb polluted and non-polluted areas. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2014, 33(9): 2388-2394. |
王一峰, 岳永成. 重金属污染区与非污染区乌苏里风毛菊对铅胁迫的生理抗性. 生态学杂志, 2014, 33(9): 2388-2394. | |
33 | Xu X H. Study on the mechanism of manganese uptake and accumulation by overaccumulative plants on land. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2006. |
徐向华. 超积累植物商陆吸收累积锰机理研究. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2006. | |
34 | Xu A Y, Cao B, Xie Y. Physiological-ecological responses of twelve herbaceous plant species under drought stress and evaluation of their drought resistance when planted in coal producting basis in arid windy and sandy areas. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(10): 22-34. |
许爱云, 曹兵, 谢云. 干旱风沙区煤炭基地12种草本植物对干旱胁迫的生理生态响应及抗旱性评价. 草业学报, 2020, 29(10): 22-34. | |
35 | Sabine T, Annett B, Harald G, et al. How to develop native plant communities in heavily altered ecosystems: Examples from large-scale surface mining in Germany. Applied Vegetation Science, 2014, 17(2): 288-301. |
36 | Swab R M, Lorenz N, Byrd S, et al. Native vegetation in reclamation: Improving habitat and ecosystem function through using prairie species in mine land reclamation. Ecological Engineering, 2017, 108: 525-536. |
37 | Chen Z Y, Liu F, Wu Y G, et al. Cumulative effects assessment of Fe and Mn’s migration in gangue yard of a cultivated land. Earth and Environment, 2016, 44(2): 185-192. |
陈祖拥, 刘方, 吴永贵, 等. 煤矸石堆场Fe、Mn迁移累积效应研究. 地球与环境, 2016, 44(2): 185-192. |
[1] | 李欣航, 肖泽华, 匡雪韶, 王悟敏, 罗亮宇, 刘文胜. 锰胁迫下鸡眼草的富集特征及生理响应[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(7): 139-147. |
[2] | 许爱云, 曹兵, 谢云. 干旱风沙区煤炭基地12种草本植物对干旱胁迫的生理生态响应及抗旱性评价[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(10): 22-34. |
[3] | 胡娜, 李葆春, 姚立蓉, 汪军成, 边秀秀, 侯静静, 司二静, 杨轲, 孟亚雄, 马小乐, 王化俊. 不同重金属胁迫对盐生草种子萌发特性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(6): 66-81. |
[4] | 夏璎凡, 介冬梅, 李德晖, 周沛芳, 宋丽娜, 蒙萌, 蒋雪纯. 东北森林区与草原区草本植物群落植硅体组合特征的对比研究[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(3): 44-56. |
[5] | 李思诗, 司晓静, 蒋芳市, 林金石, 蔡学智, 吴俣, 黄炎和. 长汀县崩岗区8种禾本科植物根系构型特征[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(10): 215-222. |
[6] | 曹苗文, 贾彤, 景炬辉, 柴宝峰. 铜尾矿库白羊草内生真菌的分布及rDNA-ITS系统发育[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(5): 163-172. |
[7] | 严莲英, 范成五, 赵振宇, 刘桂华, 胡岗, 秦松. 黔北轻污染耕地12种优势杂草重金属含量及富集特征[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(10): 237-244. |
[8] | 高建花, 和玉吉, 郭娜, 郭彦军. 重庆地区野生草本植物叶表皮蜡质的季节性变化[J]. 草业学报, 2016, 25(1): 134-143. |
[9] | 韩宝贺,朱宏. 镉胁迫对白三叶的富集能力、叶片显微结构及其生理特性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 167-175. |
[10] | 王成聪,高素萍,黄丽,林啸,张硕,雷霆. 模拟酸雨与Cd对紫萼膜脂过氧化及形态特征的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 336-341. |
[11] | 陈伟,张苗苗,宋阳阳,陈建纲,张德罡. 重金属离子对2种草坪草荧光特性及根系形态的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(3): 333-342. |
[12] | 郝婧,张婕,张沛沛,郭东罡,王丽媛,上官铁梁,黄汉富,宋向阳. 煤矸石场植被自然恢复初期草本植物生物量研究[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(4): 51-60. |
[13] | 薛亮,刘建锋,史胜青,魏远,常二梅,高暝,江泽平. 植物响应重金属胁迫的蛋白质组学研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(4): 300-311. |
[14] | 张小艾,李名扬,汪志辉,汤浩若,张新全,左静. 重金属及盐碱对二月兰幼苗生长和生理生化的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(2): 187-194. |
[15] | 张佳平,丁彦芬. 连云港云台山野生草本植物资源调查、应用及保护研究[J]. 草业学报, 2012, 21(4): 215-223. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||