草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (10): 178-188.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021402
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2021-11-08
修回日期:
2021-12-20
出版日期:
2022-10-20
发布日期:
2022-09-14
通讯作者:
汤少勋
作者简介:
E-mail: sxtang@isa.ac.cn基金资助:
Dong-sheng GUO1(), Shao-xun TANG2()
Received:
2021-11-08
Revised:
2021-12-20
Online:
2022-10-20
Published:
2022-09-14
Contact:
Shao-xun TANG
摘要:
玉米秸秆是反刍家畜主要粗饲料来源之一,其营养降解特性不仅受玉米品种及成熟时期的影响,而且与玉米秸秆形态部位组成相关。本试验通过分析不同类型玉米品种秸秆不同形态部位在2个成熟期干物质(DM)及粗蛋白(CP)的瘤胃降解特性,为玉米秸秆在反刍家畜中的利用提供数据支持。试验选用科湘玉11号(常规玉米)、高油115(高油玉米)、科湘糯玉1号(糯玉米)、沪青1号(饲用玉米)和科湘甜玉1号(甜玉米)5个品种玉米,分别在抽穗后的第17天(乳熟期)和第31天(蜡熟期)采集其叶片、叶鞘、茎秆及苞叶4个形态部位的样品,利用瘤胃尼龙袋技术分析所有样品的DM及CP的瘤胃降解动力学参数变化规律,结果表明:蜡熟期叶片、叶鞘、茎秆部位DM,以及叶片和苞叶部位CP的快速降解部分(a值)显著(P<0.001)高于乳熟期,但其叶片、叶鞘和茎秆部位DM,叶片、叶鞘和苞叶部位粗蛋白的慢速降解部分(b值),以及苞叶干物质有效降解率(ED)极显著(P<0.001)低于乳熟期。新培育品种玉米不同形态部位干物质及粗蛋白的a、b及ED值与普通品种玉米相近或更高。不同形态部位间DM及CP降解动力学参数也存在显著差异,ED值都按茎秆>苞叶>叶鞘>叶片的顺序依次降低。结论表明:延长成熟期主要影响秸秆DM和CP的a与b值;不同品种间DM及CP的有效降解率以高油玉米和糯玉米较高。
郭冬生, 汤少勋. 品种及成熟期对玉米秸秆不同形态部位干物质及粗蛋白降解特性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(10): 178-188.
Dong-sheng GUO, Shao-xun TANG. In vivo degradation characteristics of dry matter and crude protein of four morphological fractions for five varieties maize harvested at two maturity stages[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(10): 178-188.
品种 Variety | 形态学部位 Morphological fraction | 成熟期 Maturity stage | 化学成分Chemical composition (g·kg-1 DM) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OM | CP | P | NDF | ADF | |||
普通玉米 Common corn | 叶片Leaf blade | 乳熟期Milk stage | 880 | 178 | 2.66 | 563 | 338 |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 867 | 156 | 2.85 | 552 | 355 | ||
叶鞘Leaf sheath | 乳熟期Milk stage | 896 | 58 | 1.44 | 637 | 397 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 902 | 50 | 1.36 | 631 | 377 | ||
茎秆Stem | 乳熟期Milk stage | 947 | 61 | 1.82 | 559 | 370 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 938 | 53 | 1.35 | 539 | 365 | ||
苞叶Husk | 乳熟期Milk stage | 958 | 56 | 2.28 | 630 | 316 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 964 | 50 | 1.99 | 662 | 345 | ||
青贮玉米 Silage corn | 叶片Leaf blade | 乳熟期Milk stage | 866 | 190 | 2.77 | 559 | 350 |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 879 | 165 | 2.50 | 559 | 351 | ||
叶鞘Leaf sheath | 乳熟期Milk stage | 890 | 75 | 2.04 | 638 | 412 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 907 | 57 | 2.07 | 576 | 355 | ||
茎秆Stem | 乳熟期Milk stage | 936 | 78 | 1.90 | 595 | 431 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 954 | 70 | 1.60 | 539 | 354 | ||
苞叶Husk | 乳熟期Milk stage | 967 | 58 | 2.43 | 588 | 303 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 969 | 53 | 2.66 | 615 | 297 | ||
高油玉米 High oil corn | 叶片Leaf blade | 乳熟期Milk stage | 891 | 192 | 2.97 | 521 | 303 |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 884 | 166 | 2.73 | 524 | 332 | ||
叶鞘Leaf sheath | 乳熟期Milk stage | 903 | 66 | 1.65 | 594 | 368 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 904 | 47 | 1.16 | 601 | 355 | ||
茎秆Stem | 乳熟期Milk stage | 945 | 61 | 1.85 | 581 | 382 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 957 | 49 | 1.29 | 562 | 380 | ||
苞叶Husk | 乳熟期Milk stage | 965 | 59 | 2.53 | 607 | 311 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 958 | 47 | 1.80 | 663 | 353 | ||
甜玉米 Sweet corn | 叶片Leaf blade | 乳熟期Milk stage | 867 | 185 | 2.73 | 534 | 318 |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 859 | 165 | 2.17 | 551 | 340 | ||
叶鞘Leaf sheath | 乳熟期Milk stage | 888 | 63 | 1.65 | 608 | 363 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 896 | 59 | 1.40 | 651 | 379 | ||
茎秆Stem | 乳熟期Milk stage | 944 | 78 | 1.94 | 564 | 371 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 948 | 73 | 1.55 | 553 | 372 | ||
苞叶Husk | 乳熟期Milk stage | 962 | 66 | 2.52 | 560 | 291 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 961 | 56 | 2.21 | 645 | 332 | ||
糯玉米 Waxy corn | 叶片Leaf blade | 乳熟期Milk stage | 876 | 187 | 2.87 | 546 | 314 |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 857 | 160 | 2.57 | 554 | 339 | ||
叶鞘Leaf sheath | 乳熟期Milk stage | 904 | 67 | 1.18 | 618 | 368 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 904 | 55 | 1.15 | 635 | 356 | ||
茎秆Stem | 乳熟期Milk stage | 950 | 77 | 1.34 | 564 | 360 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 959 | 62 | 1.21 | 523 | 331 | ||
苞叶Husk | 乳熟期Milk stage | 963 | 64 | 2.12 | 599 | 289 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 961 | 50 | 1.50 | 682 | 322 |
表1 不同成熟期不同品种玉米秸秆不同形态部位化学成分组成
Table 1 Chemical composition of morphological fractions for five variety corn stalk harvested at two maturity stages[13]
品种 Variety | 形态学部位 Morphological fraction | 成熟期 Maturity stage | 化学成分Chemical composition (g·kg-1 DM) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OM | CP | P | NDF | ADF | |||
普通玉米 Common corn | 叶片Leaf blade | 乳熟期Milk stage | 880 | 178 | 2.66 | 563 | 338 |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 867 | 156 | 2.85 | 552 | 355 | ||
叶鞘Leaf sheath | 乳熟期Milk stage | 896 | 58 | 1.44 | 637 | 397 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 902 | 50 | 1.36 | 631 | 377 | ||
茎秆Stem | 乳熟期Milk stage | 947 | 61 | 1.82 | 559 | 370 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 938 | 53 | 1.35 | 539 | 365 | ||
苞叶Husk | 乳熟期Milk stage | 958 | 56 | 2.28 | 630 | 316 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 964 | 50 | 1.99 | 662 | 345 | ||
青贮玉米 Silage corn | 叶片Leaf blade | 乳熟期Milk stage | 866 | 190 | 2.77 | 559 | 350 |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 879 | 165 | 2.50 | 559 | 351 | ||
叶鞘Leaf sheath | 乳熟期Milk stage | 890 | 75 | 2.04 | 638 | 412 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 907 | 57 | 2.07 | 576 | 355 | ||
茎秆Stem | 乳熟期Milk stage | 936 | 78 | 1.90 | 595 | 431 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 954 | 70 | 1.60 | 539 | 354 | ||
苞叶Husk | 乳熟期Milk stage | 967 | 58 | 2.43 | 588 | 303 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 969 | 53 | 2.66 | 615 | 297 | ||
高油玉米 High oil corn | 叶片Leaf blade | 乳熟期Milk stage | 891 | 192 | 2.97 | 521 | 303 |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 884 | 166 | 2.73 | 524 | 332 | ||
叶鞘Leaf sheath | 乳熟期Milk stage | 903 | 66 | 1.65 | 594 | 368 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 904 | 47 | 1.16 | 601 | 355 | ||
茎秆Stem | 乳熟期Milk stage | 945 | 61 | 1.85 | 581 | 382 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 957 | 49 | 1.29 | 562 | 380 | ||
苞叶Husk | 乳熟期Milk stage | 965 | 59 | 2.53 | 607 | 311 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 958 | 47 | 1.80 | 663 | 353 | ||
甜玉米 Sweet corn | 叶片Leaf blade | 乳熟期Milk stage | 867 | 185 | 2.73 | 534 | 318 |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 859 | 165 | 2.17 | 551 | 340 | ||
叶鞘Leaf sheath | 乳熟期Milk stage | 888 | 63 | 1.65 | 608 | 363 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 896 | 59 | 1.40 | 651 | 379 | ||
茎秆Stem | 乳熟期Milk stage | 944 | 78 | 1.94 | 564 | 371 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 948 | 73 | 1.55 | 553 | 372 | ||
苞叶Husk | 乳熟期Milk stage | 962 | 66 | 2.52 | 560 | 291 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 961 | 56 | 2.21 | 645 | 332 | ||
糯玉米 Waxy corn | 叶片Leaf blade | 乳熟期Milk stage | 876 | 187 | 2.87 | 546 | 314 |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 857 | 160 | 2.57 | 554 | 339 | ||
叶鞘Leaf sheath | 乳熟期Milk stage | 904 | 67 | 1.18 | 618 | 368 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 904 | 55 | 1.15 | 635 | 356 | ||
茎秆Stem | 乳熟期Milk stage | 950 | 77 | 1.34 | 564 | 360 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 959 | 62 | 1.21 | 523 | 331 | ||
苞叶Husk | 乳熟期Milk stage | 963 | 64 | 2.12 | 599 | 289 | |
蜡熟期Dough stage | 961 | 50 | 1.50 | 682 | 322 |
成熟期 Mature stage | 品种 Variety | 叶片Leaf blade | 叶鞘 Leaf sheath | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aDM (%) | bDM (%) | cDM (%·h-1) | EDDM (%) | aDM (%) | bDM (%) | cDM (%·h-1) | EDDM (%) | ||
乳熟期 Milk stage | 糯玉米Waxy corn | 28.0 | 49.1 | 0.0189 | 52.1 | 32.6 | 43.2 | 0.0193 | 53.1 |
普通玉米Common corn | 25.8 | 49.7 | 0.0150 | 47.2 | 31.7 | 37.1 | 0.0178 | 49.5 | |
青贮玉米Silage corn | 27.2 | 42.4 | 0.0214 | 49.4 | 32.0 | 34.8 | 0.0210 | 49.0 | |
甜玉米Sweet corn | 27.0 | 43.4 | 0.0174 | 47.4 | 36.4 | 33.6 | 0.0233 | 54.4 | |
高油玉米High oil corn | 31.0 | 47.0 | 0.0215 | 55.5 | 35.2 | 31.4 | 0.0242 | 51.8 | |
蜡熟期 Dough stage | 糯玉米Waxy corn | 31.4 | 37.7 | 0.0174 | 48.6 | 36.1 | 24.2 | 0.0185 | 46.4 |
普通玉米Common corn | 29.9 | 48.2 | 0.0170 | 52.2 | 34.0 | 35.3 | 0.0181 | 50.5 | |
青贮玉米Silage corn | 29.9 | 30.9 | 0.0230 | 46.7 | 38.4 | 21.7 | 0.0253 | 51.0 | |
甜玉米Sweet corn | 29.9 | 35.2 | 0.0176 | 46.5 | 34.4 | 34.4 | 0.0199 | 52.0 | |
高油玉米High oil corn | 31.4 | 39.3 | 0.0246 | 51.1 | 36.1 | 25.6 | 0.0272 | 50.6 | |
SEM | 0.94 | 2.65 | 0.0019 | 1.16 | 0.82 | 2.93 | 0.0023 | 1.73 | |
P值 P value | M | *** | *** | NS | NS | *** | *** | NS | NS |
V | ** | *** | *** | *** | ** | * | ** | NS | |
M×V | NS | NS | NS | ** | *** | ** | NS | NS |
表2 不同成熟期不同品种玉米秸秆叶片及叶鞘干物质降解动力学特性
Table 2 In vivo dry matter degradation kinetic characteristics of leaf blade and leaf sheath for five variety corn stalk harvested at two maturity stages
成熟期 Mature stage | 品种 Variety | 叶片Leaf blade | 叶鞘 Leaf sheath | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aDM (%) | bDM (%) | cDM (%·h-1) | EDDM (%) | aDM (%) | bDM (%) | cDM (%·h-1) | EDDM (%) | ||
乳熟期 Milk stage | 糯玉米Waxy corn | 28.0 | 49.1 | 0.0189 | 52.1 | 32.6 | 43.2 | 0.0193 | 53.1 |
普通玉米Common corn | 25.8 | 49.7 | 0.0150 | 47.2 | 31.7 | 37.1 | 0.0178 | 49.5 | |
青贮玉米Silage corn | 27.2 | 42.4 | 0.0214 | 49.4 | 32.0 | 34.8 | 0.0210 | 49.0 | |
甜玉米Sweet corn | 27.0 | 43.4 | 0.0174 | 47.4 | 36.4 | 33.6 | 0.0233 | 54.4 | |
高油玉米High oil corn | 31.0 | 47.0 | 0.0215 | 55.5 | 35.2 | 31.4 | 0.0242 | 51.8 | |
蜡熟期 Dough stage | 糯玉米Waxy corn | 31.4 | 37.7 | 0.0174 | 48.6 | 36.1 | 24.2 | 0.0185 | 46.4 |
普通玉米Common corn | 29.9 | 48.2 | 0.0170 | 52.2 | 34.0 | 35.3 | 0.0181 | 50.5 | |
青贮玉米Silage corn | 29.9 | 30.9 | 0.0230 | 46.7 | 38.4 | 21.7 | 0.0253 | 51.0 | |
甜玉米Sweet corn | 29.9 | 35.2 | 0.0176 | 46.5 | 34.4 | 34.4 | 0.0199 | 52.0 | |
高油玉米High oil corn | 31.4 | 39.3 | 0.0246 | 51.1 | 36.1 | 25.6 | 0.0272 | 50.6 | |
SEM | 0.94 | 2.65 | 0.0019 | 1.16 | 0.82 | 2.93 | 0.0023 | 1.73 | |
P值 P value | M | *** | *** | NS | NS | *** | *** | NS | NS |
V | ** | *** | *** | *** | ** | * | ** | NS | |
M×V | NS | NS | NS | ** | *** | ** | NS | NS |
成熟期 Mature stage | 品种 Variety | 茎秆 Stem | 苞叶 Husk | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aDM (%) | bDM (%) | cDM (%·h-1) | EDDM (%) | aDM (%) | bDM (%) | cDM (%·h-1) | EDDM (%) | ||
乳熟期 Milk stage | 糯玉米Waxy corn | 43.6 | 36.1 | 0.0138 | 58.2 | 36.0 | 41.5 | 0.0134 | 52.2 |
普通玉米Common corn | 44.5 | 31.0 | 0.0158 | 56.8 | 32.5 | 36.4 | 0.0209 | 51.0 | |
青贮玉米Silage corn | 37.0 | 28.0 | 0.0169 | 49.4 | 41.0 | 34.9 | 0.0236 | 60.3 | |
甜玉米Sweet corn | 44.2 | 30.9 | 0.0147 | 55.8 | 42.4 | 33.7 | 0.0229 | 59.5 | |
高油玉米High oil corn | 40.2 | 22.3 | 0.0276 | 52.9 | 40.3 | 32.9 | 0.0196 | 56.7 | |
蜡熟期 Dough stage | 糯玉米Waxy corn | 46.4 | 28.5 | 0.0144 | 58.0 | 29.6 | 32.5 | 0.0203 | 45.7 |
普通玉米Common corn | 45.0 | 16.1 | 0.0230 | 53.7 | 32.4 | 33.8 | 0.0189 | 48.4 | |
青贮玉米Silage corn | 47.6 | 25.4 | 0.0316 | 59.4 | 37.6 | 32.8 | 0.0313 | 54.8 | |
甜玉米Sweet corn | 40.3 | 29.9 | 0.0162 | 53.0 | 34.0 | 28.8 | 0.0162 | 47.1 | |
高油玉米High oil corn | 44.6 | 19.7 | 0.0164 | 53.5 | 32.8 | 33.1 | 0.0191 | 48.6 | |
SEM | 0.82 | 2.82 | 0.0045 | 1.04 | 1.16 | 3.19 | 0.0027 | 2.43 | |
P值 P value | M | *** | *** | NS | NS | *** | NS | NS | *** |
V | *** | *** | NS | *** | *** | NS | ** | ** | |
M×V | *** | NS | NS | *** | ** | NS | * | NS |
表3 不同成熟期不同品种玉米秸秆茎秆及苞叶干物质降解动力学特性
Table 3 In vivo dry matter degradation kinetic characteristics of stem and husk for five variety corn stalk harvested at two maturity stages
成熟期 Mature stage | 品种 Variety | 茎秆 Stem | 苞叶 Husk | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aDM (%) | bDM (%) | cDM (%·h-1) | EDDM (%) | aDM (%) | bDM (%) | cDM (%·h-1) | EDDM (%) | ||
乳熟期 Milk stage | 糯玉米Waxy corn | 43.6 | 36.1 | 0.0138 | 58.2 | 36.0 | 41.5 | 0.0134 | 52.2 |
普通玉米Common corn | 44.5 | 31.0 | 0.0158 | 56.8 | 32.5 | 36.4 | 0.0209 | 51.0 | |
青贮玉米Silage corn | 37.0 | 28.0 | 0.0169 | 49.4 | 41.0 | 34.9 | 0.0236 | 60.3 | |
甜玉米Sweet corn | 44.2 | 30.9 | 0.0147 | 55.8 | 42.4 | 33.7 | 0.0229 | 59.5 | |
高油玉米High oil corn | 40.2 | 22.3 | 0.0276 | 52.9 | 40.3 | 32.9 | 0.0196 | 56.7 | |
蜡熟期 Dough stage | 糯玉米Waxy corn | 46.4 | 28.5 | 0.0144 | 58.0 | 29.6 | 32.5 | 0.0203 | 45.7 |
普通玉米Common corn | 45.0 | 16.1 | 0.0230 | 53.7 | 32.4 | 33.8 | 0.0189 | 48.4 | |
青贮玉米Silage corn | 47.6 | 25.4 | 0.0316 | 59.4 | 37.6 | 32.8 | 0.0313 | 54.8 | |
甜玉米Sweet corn | 40.3 | 29.9 | 0.0162 | 53.0 | 34.0 | 28.8 | 0.0162 | 47.1 | |
高油玉米High oil corn | 44.6 | 19.7 | 0.0164 | 53.5 | 32.8 | 33.1 | 0.0191 | 48.6 | |
SEM | 0.82 | 2.82 | 0.0045 | 1.04 | 1.16 | 3.19 | 0.0027 | 2.43 | |
P值 P value | M | *** | *** | NS | NS | *** | NS | NS | *** |
V | *** | *** | NS | *** | *** | NS | ** | ** | |
M×V | *** | NS | NS | *** | ** | NS | * | NS |
项目 Item | aDM (%) | bDM (%) | cDM (%·h-1) | EDDM (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
叶片 Leaf blade | 29.1c | 42.3a | 0.0195 | 49.7c |
叶鞘 Leaf sheath | 34.7b | 32.1b | 0.0215 | 50.8bc |
茎秆 Stem | 43.2a | 26.8c | 0.0188 | 55.0a |
苞叶Husk | 36.0b | 34.1b | 0.0206 | 52.6b |
SEM | 0.4 | 1.0 | 0.0010 | 0.6 |
P 值P value | *** | *** | NS | *** |
表4 玉米秸秆不同形态部位间干物质降解动力学特性
Table 4 In vivo dry matter degradation kinetic characteristics of different morphological fractions
项目 Item | aDM (%) | bDM (%) | cDM (%·h-1) | EDDM (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
叶片 Leaf blade | 29.1c | 42.3a | 0.0195 | 49.7c |
叶鞘 Leaf sheath | 34.7b | 32.1b | 0.0215 | 50.8bc |
茎秆 Stem | 43.2a | 26.8c | 0.0188 | 55.0a |
苞叶Husk | 36.0b | 34.1b | 0.0206 | 52.6b |
SEM | 0.4 | 1.0 | 0.0010 | 0.6 |
P 值P value | *** | *** | NS | *** |
成熟期 Mature stage | 品种 Variety | 叶片Leaf blade | 叶鞘 Leaf sheath | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aCP (%) | bCP (%) | cCP (%·h-1) | EDCP (%) | aCP (%) | bCP (%) | cCP (%·h-1) | EDCP (%) | ||
乳熟期 Milk stage | 糯玉米Waxy corn | 13.6 | 64.7 | 0.0235 | 48.0 | 39.4 | 33.8 | 0.0452 | 59.3 |
普通玉米Common corn | 39.5 | 40.4 | 0.0270 | 61.3 | 37.8 | 35.7 | 0.0242 | 56.7 | |
青贮玉米Silage corn | 45.5 | 39.0 | 0.0216 | 66.3 | 43.8 | 24.2 | 0.0485 | 58.9 | |
甜玉米Sweet corn | 19.0 | 53.6 | 0.0284 | 49.5 | 42.2 | 35.9 | 0.0192 | 59.5 | |
高油玉米High oil corn | 46.0 | 35.3 | 0.0420 | 68.8 | 52.7 | 26.9 | 0.0277 | 67.9 | |
蜡熟期 Dough stage | 糯玉米Waxy corn | 47.1 | 28.6 | 0.0306 | 62.9 | 45.0 | 20.4 | 0.0477 | 58.7 |
普通玉米Common corn | 33.1 | 49.8 | 0.0217 | 59.3 | 46.6 | 25.2 | 0.0258 | 60.8 | |
青贮玉米Silage corn | 34.4 | 36.4 | 0.0256 | 53.8 | 34.0 | 27.9 | 0.0346 | 50.7 | |
甜玉米Sweet corn | 47.8 | 27.7 | 0.0516 | 66.1 | 46.5 | 27.7 | 0.0261 | 62.4 | |
高油玉米High oil corn | 30.9 | 43.5 | 0.0265 | 54.7 | 45.0 | 26.2 | 0.0291 | 59.4 | |
SEM | 4.23 | 4.06 | 0.0047 | 3.18 | 0.89 | 2.22 | 0.0078 | 1.21 | |
P值 P value | M | * | *** | NS | NS | NS | *** | NS | ** |
V | NS | NS | *** | NS | *** | * | ** | *** | |
M×V | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | NS | *** |
表5 不同成熟期不同品种玉米秸秆叶片及叶鞘粗蛋白质降解动力学特性
Table 5 In vivo crude protein degradation kinetic characteristics of leaf blade and leaf sheath for five variety corn stalk harvested at two maturity stages
成熟期 Mature stage | 品种 Variety | 叶片Leaf blade | 叶鞘 Leaf sheath | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aCP (%) | bCP (%) | cCP (%·h-1) | EDCP (%) | aCP (%) | bCP (%) | cCP (%·h-1) | EDCP (%) | ||
乳熟期 Milk stage | 糯玉米Waxy corn | 13.6 | 64.7 | 0.0235 | 48.0 | 39.4 | 33.8 | 0.0452 | 59.3 |
普通玉米Common corn | 39.5 | 40.4 | 0.0270 | 61.3 | 37.8 | 35.7 | 0.0242 | 56.7 | |
青贮玉米Silage corn | 45.5 | 39.0 | 0.0216 | 66.3 | 43.8 | 24.2 | 0.0485 | 58.9 | |
甜玉米Sweet corn | 19.0 | 53.6 | 0.0284 | 49.5 | 42.2 | 35.9 | 0.0192 | 59.5 | |
高油玉米High oil corn | 46.0 | 35.3 | 0.0420 | 68.8 | 52.7 | 26.9 | 0.0277 | 67.9 | |
蜡熟期 Dough stage | 糯玉米Waxy corn | 47.1 | 28.6 | 0.0306 | 62.9 | 45.0 | 20.4 | 0.0477 | 58.7 |
普通玉米Common corn | 33.1 | 49.8 | 0.0217 | 59.3 | 46.6 | 25.2 | 0.0258 | 60.8 | |
青贮玉米Silage corn | 34.4 | 36.4 | 0.0256 | 53.8 | 34.0 | 27.9 | 0.0346 | 50.7 | |
甜玉米Sweet corn | 47.8 | 27.7 | 0.0516 | 66.1 | 46.5 | 27.7 | 0.0261 | 62.4 | |
高油玉米High oil corn | 30.9 | 43.5 | 0.0265 | 54.7 | 45.0 | 26.2 | 0.0291 | 59.4 | |
SEM | 4.23 | 4.06 | 0.0047 | 3.18 | 0.89 | 2.22 | 0.0078 | 1.21 | |
P值 P value | M | * | *** | NS | NS | NS | *** | NS | ** |
V | NS | NS | *** | NS | *** | * | ** | *** | |
M×V | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | NS | *** |
成熟期 Mature stage | 品种 Variety | 茎秆 Stem | 苞叶 Husk | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aCP (%) | bCP (%) | cCP (%·h-1) | EDCP (%) | aCP (%) | bCP (%) | cCP (%·h-1) | EDCP (%) | ||
乳熟期 Milk stage | 糯玉米Waxy corn | 73.0 | 10.10 | 0.0461 | 79.7 | 53.7 | 32.0 | 0.0207 | 69.7 |
普通玉米Common corn | 66.5 | 9.15 | 0.0521 | 72.9 | 44.1 | 37.1 | 0.0300 | 66.2 | |
青贮玉米Silage corn | 70.7 | 11.60 | 0.0408 | 78.0 | 64.5 | 19.2 | 0.0376 | 76.9 | |
甜玉米Sweet corn | 73.9 | 6.27 | 0.0329 | 77.8 | 64.2 | 23.2 | 0.0277 | 78.5 | |
高油玉米High oil corn | 59.5 | 14.40 | 0.0480 | 69.0 | 65.9 | 23.9 | 0.0296 | 79.9 | |
蜡熟期 Dough stage | 糯玉米Waxy corn | 69.0 | 11.00 | 0.0596 | 77.0 | 60.1 | 20.2 | 0.0582 | 70.4 |
普通玉米Common corn | 66.9 | 8.36 | 0.0689 | 73.4 | 67.4 | 14.5 | 0.0500 | 76.2 | |
青贮玉米Silage corn | 64.9 | 10.50 | 0.0798 | 73.4 | 60.3 | 22.0 | 0.0317 | 73.1 | |
甜玉米Sweet corn | 71.3 | 7.07 | 0.0751 | 76.9 | 58.3 | 21.4 | 0.0253 | 70.6 | |
高油玉米High oil corn | 63.8 | 9.71 | 0.0949 | 70.0 | 64.9 | 16.5 | 0.0673 | 74.4 | |
SEM | 2.14 | 1.35 | 0.0111 | 1.76 | 2.06 | 2.60 | 0.0103 | 1.40 | |
P值 P value | M | NS | NS | *** | NS | ** | *** | ** | NS |
V | *** | *** | NS | *** | *** | NS | NS | *** | |
M×V | NS | NS | NS | NS | *** | *** | NS | *** |
表6 不同成熟期不同品种玉米秸秆茎秆及苞叶粗蛋白质降解动力学特性
Table 6 In vivo crude protein degradation kinetic characteristics of stem and husk for five variety corn stalk harvested at two maturity stages
成熟期 Mature stage | 品种 Variety | 茎秆 Stem | 苞叶 Husk | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aCP (%) | bCP (%) | cCP (%·h-1) | EDCP (%) | aCP (%) | bCP (%) | cCP (%·h-1) | EDCP (%) | ||
乳熟期 Milk stage | 糯玉米Waxy corn | 73.0 | 10.10 | 0.0461 | 79.7 | 53.7 | 32.0 | 0.0207 | 69.7 |
普通玉米Common corn | 66.5 | 9.15 | 0.0521 | 72.9 | 44.1 | 37.1 | 0.0300 | 66.2 | |
青贮玉米Silage corn | 70.7 | 11.60 | 0.0408 | 78.0 | 64.5 | 19.2 | 0.0376 | 76.9 | |
甜玉米Sweet corn | 73.9 | 6.27 | 0.0329 | 77.8 | 64.2 | 23.2 | 0.0277 | 78.5 | |
高油玉米High oil corn | 59.5 | 14.40 | 0.0480 | 69.0 | 65.9 | 23.9 | 0.0296 | 79.9 | |
蜡熟期 Dough stage | 糯玉米Waxy corn | 69.0 | 11.00 | 0.0596 | 77.0 | 60.1 | 20.2 | 0.0582 | 70.4 |
普通玉米Common corn | 66.9 | 8.36 | 0.0689 | 73.4 | 67.4 | 14.5 | 0.0500 | 76.2 | |
青贮玉米Silage corn | 64.9 | 10.50 | 0.0798 | 73.4 | 60.3 | 22.0 | 0.0317 | 73.1 | |
甜玉米Sweet corn | 71.3 | 7.07 | 0.0751 | 76.9 | 58.3 | 21.4 | 0.0253 | 70.6 | |
高油玉米High oil corn | 63.8 | 9.71 | 0.0949 | 70.0 | 64.9 | 16.5 | 0.0673 | 74.4 | |
SEM | 2.14 | 1.35 | 0.0111 | 1.76 | 2.06 | 2.60 | 0.0103 | 1.40 | |
P值 P value | M | NS | NS | *** | NS | ** | *** | ** | NS |
V | *** | *** | NS | *** | *** | NS | NS | *** | |
M×V | NS | NS | NS | NS | *** | *** | NS | *** |
项目 Item | aCP (%) | bCP (%) | cCP (%·h-1) | EDCP (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
叶片 Leaf blade | 36.0d | 41.7a | 0.0300b | 59.2b |
叶鞘 Leaf sheath | 43.2c | 28.2b | 0.0330b | 59.3b |
茎秆 Stem | 68.0a | 9.8d | 0.0588a | 74.7a |
苞叶Husk | 60.3b | 23.0c | 0.0373b | 73.6a |
SEM | 1.04 | 1.04 | 0.0028 | 0.75 |
P 值P value | *** | *** | *** | *** |
表7 玉米秸秆不同形态部位间粗蛋白降解动力学特性
Table 7 In vivo crude protein degradation kinetic characteristics of different morphological fractions
项目 Item | aCP (%) | bCP (%) | cCP (%·h-1) | EDCP (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
叶片 Leaf blade | 36.0d | 41.7a | 0.0300b | 59.2b |
叶鞘 Leaf sheath | 43.2c | 28.2b | 0.0330b | 59.3b |
茎秆 Stem | 68.0a | 9.8d | 0.0588a | 74.7a |
苞叶Husk | 60.3b | 23.0c | 0.0373b | 73.6a |
SEM | 1.04 | 1.04 | 0.0028 | 0.75 |
P 值P value | *** | *** | *** | *** |
项目Item | aDM | bDM | cDM | EDDM | aCP | bCP | cCP | EDCP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
有机质Organic matter | 0.668*** | -0.473** | 0.036 | 0.470** | 0.788*** | -0.691*** | 0.430** | 0.776*** |
粗蛋白Crude protein | -0.616*** | 0.663*** | -0.124 | -0.271 | -0.596*** | 0.677*** | -0.329* | -0.454** |
磷Phosphorus | -0.482** | 0.601*** | 0.085 | -0.064 | -0.393* | 0.592*** | -0.488** | -0.187 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber | -0.211 | -0.115 | 0.001 | -0.383* | 0.115 | -0.139 | -0.088 | 0.048 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber | 0.124 | -0.360* | -0.109 | -0.202 | 0.116 | -0.328 | 0.255 | -0.077 |
表8 降解动力学参数与营养成分间的相关系数
Table 8 Pearson correlation coefficients between degradation kinetic characteristics and chemical composition (n=40)
项目Item | aDM | bDM | cDM | EDDM | aCP | bCP | cCP | EDCP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
有机质Organic matter | 0.668*** | -0.473** | 0.036 | 0.470** | 0.788*** | -0.691*** | 0.430** | 0.776*** |
粗蛋白Crude protein | -0.616*** | 0.663*** | -0.124 | -0.271 | -0.596*** | 0.677*** | -0.329* | -0.454** |
磷Phosphorus | -0.482** | 0.601*** | 0.085 | -0.064 | -0.393* | 0.592*** | -0.488** | -0.187 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber | -0.211 | -0.115 | 0.001 | -0.383* | 0.115 | -0.139 | -0.088 | 0.048 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber | 0.124 | -0.360* | -0.109 | -0.202 | 0.116 | -0.328 | 0.255 | -0.077 |
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