草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 198-214.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024009
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2024-01-04
修回日期:
2024-03-18
出版日期:
2024-11-20
发布日期:
2024-09-09
通讯作者:
梁国玲
作者简介:
E-mail: qhliangguoling@163.com基金资助:
Feng-yu WANG(), Guo-ling LIANG(), Ze-long HU, Wen-hui LIU
Received:
2024-01-04
Revised:
2024-03-18
Online:
2024-11-20
Published:
2024-09-09
Contact:
Guo-ling LIANG
摘要:
以青藏高原地区不同来源的20份垂穗披碱草为研究对象,在青海省海北藏族自治州海晏县探究地理因子对其表型性状和种子产量的影响。选择出适宜采集垂穗披碱草材料的地理位置和海拔梯度,旨在为青藏高原垂穗披碱草种质资源的筛选和品种选育提供理论依据。结果表明:垂穗披碱草表型性状变异系数为6.560%~33.164%,各性状多样性指数均在1.4以上,说明种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性。结构方程表明:旗叶长、花序长、穗轴第一节间长和单序籽粒重是影响种子产量的最主要影响因子;相关性分析发现,旗叶长、花序长、穗轴第一节间长、单序籽粒重以及种子产量受地理因子影响较大,均随着海拔的升高而降低,随着经度、纬度的升高而升高。通过聚类分析得出,分布在海拔为2600~3350 m,经度为101° E左右和纬度为35°-37° N的植物叶部和穗部性状表现优异并且具有丰富的变异类型,可以在此区域进行优良垂穗披碱草种质资源的筛选和品种选育。
王凤宇, 梁国玲, 胡泽龙, 刘文辉. 地理因子对青藏高原野生垂穗披碱草表型及种子产量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(11): 198-214.
Feng-yu WANG, Guo-ling LIANG, Ze-long HU, Wen-hui LIU. Effect of geographic factors on phenotypic traits and seed yield of Elymus nutans on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(11): 198-214.
采集编号 Collection number | 来源地 Sources | 经度 Longitude (E) | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 生境 Habitat |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
15-070 | 青海省大通县Datong, Qinghai | 101°37′35″ | 37°09′10″ | 2960 | 路边Roadside |
15-087 | 青海省大通县Datong, Qinghai | 101°36′07″ | 37°08′10″ | 2810 | 路边Roadside |
15-207 | 青海省大通县Datong, Qinghai | 101°45′48″ | 37°00′38″ | 2600 | 路边Roadside |
16-121 | 青海省门源县Menyuan, Qinghai | 101°14′38″ | 37°37′03″ | 3130 | 路边Roadside |
16-177 | 青海省门源县Menyuan, Qinghai | 101°13′25″ | 37°45′13″ | 3350 | 河边滩地River beach |
16-330 | 青海省大通县Datong, Qinghai | 101°49′39″ | 36°58′48″ | 2980 | 山坡草地Hillside grassland |
16-383 | 青海省大通县Datong, Qinghai | 101°11′32″ | 37°08′08″ | 3040 | 封育草场Enclosure grassland |
17-123 | 青海省湟中县Huangzhong, Qinghai | 101°40′52″ | 36°18′09″ | 2915 | 山坡草地Hillside grassland |
17-221 | 青海省龙羊峡Longyang gorge, Qinghai | 101°03′43″ | 36°16′35″ | 3280 | 封育草场Enclosure grassland |
17-359 | 青海省玛多县Maduo, Qinghai | 98°57′36″ | 35°22′45″ | 4296 | 路边Roadside |
18-023 | 青海省贵德县Guide, Qinghai | 101°18′10″ | 35°48′38″ | 3200 | 路边Roadside |
18-114 | 青海省贵南县Guinan, Qinghai | 100°39′22″ | 35°38′45″ | 3080 | 路边Roadside |
18-175 | 青海省兴海县Xinghai, Qinghai | 100°14′49″ | 35°41′41″ | 2740 | 路边Roadside |
20-056 | 青海省河南县Henan, Qinghai | 101°20′27″ | 34°52′12″ | 3763 | 路边Roadside |
20-081 | 青海省泽库县Zeku, Qinghai | 101°31′09″ | 34°34′43″ | 3648 | 公路旁草场Grassland by the road |
20-088 | 青海省泽库县Zeku, Qinghai | 101°28′32″ | 35°13′32″ | 3894 | 路边Roadside |
20-100 | 青海省泽库县Zeku, Qinghai | 101°06′34″ | 35°16′12″ | 3527 | 路边Roadside |
20-436 | 西藏拉孜县Lazi, Tibet | 87°38′56″ | 29°05′30″ | 4010 | 农田边By the farmland |
20-439 | 西藏拉孜县Lazi, Tibet | 87°52′13″ | 29°20′13″ | 3940 | 河边滩地River beach |
20-479 | 西藏当雄县Dangxiong, Tibet | 91°27′20″ | 30°34′05″ | 4500 | 沼泽草甸Swamp meadow |
表1 试验材料及来源
Table 1 The test materials and sources
采集编号 Collection number | 来源地 Sources | 经度 Longitude (E) | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 生境 Habitat |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
15-070 | 青海省大通县Datong, Qinghai | 101°37′35″ | 37°09′10″ | 2960 | 路边Roadside |
15-087 | 青海省大通县Datong, Qinghai | 101°36′07″ | 37°08′10″ | 2810 | 路边Roadside |
15-207 | 青海省大通县Datong, Qinghai | 101°45′48″ | 37°00′38″ | 2600 | 路边Roadside |
16-121 | 青海省门源县Menyuan, Qinghai | 101°14′38″ | 37°37′03″ | 3130 | 路边Roadside |
16-177 | 青海省门源县Menyuan, Qinghai | 101°13′25″ | 37°45′13″ | 3350 | 河边滩地River beach |
16-330 | 青海省大通县Datong, Qinghai | 101°49′39″ | 36°58′48″ | 2980 | 山坡草地Hillside grassland |
16-383 | 青海省大通县Datong, Qinghai | 101°11′32″ | 37°08′08″ | 3040 | 封育草场Enclosure grassland |
17-123 | 青海省湟中县Huangzhong, Qinghai | 101°40′52″ | 36°18′09″ | 2915 | 山坡草地Hillside grassland |
17-221 | 青海省龙羊峡Longyang gorge, Qinghai | 101°03′43″ | 36°16′35″ | 3280 | 封育草场Enclosure grassland |
17-359 | 青海省玛多县Maduo, Qinghai | 98°57′36″ | 35°22′45″ | 4296 | 路边Roadside |
18-023 | 青海省贵德县Guide, Qinghai | 101°18′10″ | 35°48′38″ | 3200 | 路边Roadside |
18-114 | 青海省贵南县Guinan, Qinghai | 100°39′22″ | 35°38′45″ | 3080 | 路边Roadside |
18-175 | 青海省兴海县Xinghai, Qinghai | 100°14′49″ | 35°41′41″ | 2740 | 路边Roadside |
20-056 | 青海省河南县Henan, Qinghai | 101°20′27″ | 34°52′12″ | 3763 | 路边Roadside |
20-081 | 青海省泽库县Zeku, Qinghai | 101°31′09″ | 34°34′43″ | 3648 | 公路旁草场Grassland by the road |
20-088 | 青海省泽库县Zeku, Qinghai | 101°28′32″ | 35°13′32″ | 3894 | 路边Roadside |
20-100 | 青海省泽库县Zeku, Qinghai | 101°06′34″ | 35°16′12″ | 3527 | 路边Roadside |
20-436 | 西藏拉孜县Lazi, Tibet | 87°38′56″ | 29°05′30″ | 4010 | 农田边By the farmland |
20-439 | 西藏拉孜县Lazi, Tibet | 87°52′13″ | 29°20′13″ | 3940 | 河边滩地River beach |
20-479 | 西藏当雄县Dangxiong, Tibet | 91°27′20″ | 30°34′05″ | 4500 | 沼泽草甸Swamp meadow |
项目 Item | 性状 Trait | 平均值 Mean | 标准差 Standard deviation | 最小值 Minimum | 最大值 Maximum | 极差 Range | 变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%) | 多样性指数 H′ | 广义遗传力 H2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
叶部性状 Leaf trait | 叶层高度TH (cm) | 13.938 | 3.052 | 8.667 | 18.667 | 10.000 | 21.898 | 1.917 | 0.986 |
旗叶长FL (cm) | 8.840 | 1.701 | 6.417 | 12.400 | 5.983 | 19.241 | 1.670 | 0.979 | |
旗叶宽FW (cm) | 0.657 | 0.098 | 0.483 | 0.889 | 0.406 | 14.894 | 1.496 | 0.945 | |
穗部性状 Spike trait | 花序长IL (cm) | 16.812 | 2.756 | 12.643 | 22.214 | 9.571 | 16.392 | 1.878 | 0.989 |
花序宽IW (cm) | 1.666 | 0.439 | 0.629 | 2.929 | 2.300 | 26.328 | 1.709 | 0.986 | |
穗轴第一节间长RL (cm) | 2.026 | 0.672 | 1.343 | 4.033 | 2.690 | 33.164 | 1.713 | 0.961 | |
小穗数SN (No.) | 35.939 | 5.650 | 27.571 | 46.400 | 18.829 | 15.722 | 1.904 | 0.977 | |
小花数FN (No.) | 3.550 | 0.387 | 2.833 | 4.000 | 1.167 | 10.889 | 1.617 | 0.916 | |
单序籽粒数SNi (No.) | 94.921 | 10.305 | 79.800 | 113.200 | 33.400 | 10.856 | 1.817 | 0.990 | |
单序籽粒重SWi (g) | 0.588 | 0.146 | 0.388 | 1.000 | 0.613 | 24.864 | 1.848 | 0.959 | |
籽粒性状 Grain trait | 内稃长LP (mm) | 9.210 | 0.647 | 7.953 | 10.353 | 2.400 | 7.023 | 1.973 | 0.958 |
外稃长LL (mm) | 9.798 | 0.643 | 8.608 | 10.888 | 2.280 | 6.560 | 1.895 | 0.951 | |
芒长AL (mm) | 14.123 | 2.567 | 9.848 | 20.753 | 10.905 | 18.179 | 1.822 | 0.985 | |
种子长SL (mm) | 6.971 | 0.390 | 6.163 | 7.962 | 1.799 | 5.601 | 1.861 | 0.866 | |
种子宽SW (mm) | 0.826 | 0.105 | 0.665 | 1.170 | 0.505 | 12.665 | 1.713 | 0.860 | |
千粒重TKW (g) | 4.119 | 0.380 | 3.567 | 4.733 | 1.167 | 9.231 | 1.805 | 0.918 |
表2 垂穗披碱草表型性状遗传多样性分析
Table 2 Genetic diversity analysis in phenotypic trait of E.nutans
项目 Item | 性状 Trait | 平均值 Mean | 标准差 Standard deviation | 最小值 Minimum | 最大值 Maximum | 极差 Range | 变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%) | 多样性指数 H′ | 广义遗传力 H2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
叶部性状 Leaf trait | 叶层高度TH (cm) | 13.938 | 3.052 | 8.667 | 18.667 | 10.000 | 21.898 | 1.917 | 0.986 |
旗叶长FL (cm) | 8.840 | 1.701 | 6.417 | 12.400 | 5.983 | 19.241 | 1.670 | 0.979 | |
旗叶宽FW (cm) | 0.657 | 0.098 | 0.483 | 0.889 | 0.406 | 14.894 | 1.496 | 0.945 | |
穗部性状 Spike trait | 花序长IL (cm) | 16.812 | 2.756 | 12.643 | 22.214 | 9.571 | 16.392 | 1.878 | 0.989 |
花序宽IW (cm) | 1.666 | 0.439 | 0.629 | 2.929 | 2.300 | 26.328 | 1.709 | 0.986 | |
穗轴第一节间长RL (cm) | 2.026 | 0.672 | 1.343 | 4.033 | 2.690 | 33.164 | 1.713 | 0.961 | |
小穗数SN (No.) | 35.939 | 5.650 | 27.571 | 46.400 | 18.829 | 15.722 | 1.904 | 0.977 | |
小花数FN (No.) | 3.550 | 0.387 | 2.833 | 4.000 | 1.167 | 10.889 | 1.617 | 0.916 | |
单序籽粒数SNi (No.) | 94.921 | 10.305 | 79.800 | 113.200 | 33.400 | 10.856 | 1.817 | 0.990 | |
单序籽粒重SWi (g) | 0.588 | 0.146 | 0.388 | 1.000 | 0.613 | 24.864 | 1.848 | 0.959 | |
籽粒性状 Grain trait | 内稃长LP (mm) | 9.210 | 0.647 | 7.953 | 10.353 | 2.400 | 7.023 | 1.973 | 0.958 |
外稃长LL (mm) | 9.798 | 0.643 | 8.608 | 10.888 | 2.280 | 6.560 | 1.895 | 0.951 | |
芒长AL (mm) | 14.123 | 2.567 | 9.848 | 20.753 | 10.905 | 18.179 | 1.822 | 0.985 | |
种子长SL (mm) | 6.971 | 0.390 | 6.163 | 7.962 | 1.799 | 5.601 | 1.861 | 0.866 | |
种子宽SW (mm) | 0.826 | 0.105 | 0.665 | 1.170 | 0.505 | 12.665 | 1.713 | 0.860 | |
千粒重TKW (g) | 4.119 | 0.380 | 3.567 | 4.733 | 1.167 | 9.231 | 1.805 | 0.918 |
采集编号 Collection number | 穗部性状Spike trait | 叶部性状Leaf trait | 籽粒性状Grain trait | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
花序长 IL | 花序宽 IW | 穗轴第一节间长RL | 小穗数 SN | 小花数 FN | 单序籽粒数 SNi | 单序籽粒重 SWi | 叶层高度 TH | 旗叶长 FL | 旗叶宽 FW | 内稃长 LP | 外稃长 LL | 芒长 AL | 种子长 SL | 种子宽SW | 千粒重TKW | |
15-207 | 20.75±0.70ab | 1.45±0.42gh | 2.79±0.24ab | 31.80±3.31fghij | 3.67±0.24abc | 92.80±4.07de | 0.61±0.14bcde | 12.33±0.94efgh | 9.00±0.70cde | 0.66±0.05bcd | 8.93±0.54defg | 9.30±0.48efg | 9.85±0.58g | 6.98±0.83abc | 0.86±0.16b | 3.63±0.12c |
18-175 | 19.18±0.26bcd | 2.04±0.43bc | 1.73±0.27bcde | 34.60±1.74efgh | 3.17±0.24abc | 82.75±6.42fg | 0.73±0.16b | 16.50±0.50abc | 8.48±0.33def | 0.70±0.11bc | 9.44±0.64bcdef | 9.54±0.52defg | 12.47±0.86ef | 6.73±1.19bc | 0.89±0.21b | 4.73±0.09a |
15-087 | 22.21±0.80a | 1.83±0.33bcdef | 2.85±0.65bcd | 39.50±2.93bcde | 4.00±0.00ab | 93.00±4.06de | 0.75±0.26b | 11.75±0.25fghi | 10.50±0.94bc | 0.79±0.11ab | 9.44±0.43bcdef | 9.64±0.24cdef | 12.66±0.62de | 6.90±0.83c | 0.87±0.12b | 4.57±0.12ab |
17-123 | 20.64±1.38ab | 1.94±0.44bcd | 2.63±0.67abc | 41.17±4.41abcd | 3.33±0.24abc | 106.40±2.58bc | 0.57±0.13bcdef | 12.00±1.41fghi | 10.48±0.25bc | 0.88±0.17a | 8.35±0.61gh | 9.00±0.50fg | 12.97±0.34def | 6.16±0.34c | 0.79±0.13b | 4.15±0.05ab |
15-070 | 17.40±1.71d | 2.93±0.42a | 2.12±0.42cdef | 42.00±3.41abc | 3.17±0.24abc | 89.00±7.04def | 0.74±0.26b | 18.00±1.00ab | 11.08±0.30ab | 0.89±0.20a | 7.95±0.72h | 8.61±0.75g | 14.10±0.22cde | 7.64±0.67ab | 1.17±0.01a | 3.93±0.19ab |
16-330 | 20.13±0.89bc | 2.14±0.37b | 4.03±0.60a | 37.33±9.37cdef | 4.00±0.00ab | 113.20±3.31a | 0.60±0.08bcdef | 8.67±0.47j | 8.48±0.44def | 0.63±0.10bcd | 8.88±0.66efg | 9.03±0.62fg | 10.96±1.05fg | 6.82±0.54bc | 0.74±0.16b | 4.57±0.12ab |
16-383 | 18.58±1.12cd | 1.66±0.24defgh | 2.59±0.36ab | 35.00±3.46efgh | 3.50±0.41abc | 99.83±5.30c | 0.60±0.20bcdef | 12.50±0.50efgh | 11.14±1.59ab | 0.62±0.07bcd | 8.36±0.39gh | 9.20±0.72fg | 12.50±1.29ef | 7.22±0.79abc | 0.87±0.14b | 3.87±0.12ab |
18-114 | 17.80±0.98d | 0.63±0.19i | 1.50±0.34cdef | 34.00±2.53efghi | 2.83±0.24c | 107.50±7.43ab | 0.50±0.08cdef | 11.67±1.25fghi | 9.52±0.16bcd | 0.61±0.12bcd | 10.35±0.30a | 10.38±0.14abcd | 12.74±0.65ef | 6.72±0.43bc | 0.89±0.01b | 4.03±0.12ab |
16-121 | 15.28±1.58e | 1.43±0.12gh | 1.64±0.55fg | 30.40±1.62ghij | 3.33±0.47abc | 92.00±7.16de | 0.48±0.13def | 18.00±1.41ab | 6.42±0.25h | 0.61±0.02bcd | 9.80±0.86abcd | 10.54±0.64abc | 13.90±1.37de | 6.65±0.36bc | 0.80±0.25b | 3.80±0.16abc |
18-023 | 17.42±0.96d | 1.58±0.19efgh | 1.99±0.37defg | 35.80±4.75defgh | 4.00±0.00ab | 102.17±4.26bc | 1.00±0.22a | 16.00±1.00abc | 12.40±0.96a | 0.67±0.09bcd | 10.09±0.37ab | 10.89±0.99a | 16.65±1.01b | 7.96±0.58a | 0.81±0.10b | 4.30±0.22ab |
17-221 | 15.48±1.01e | 1.33±0.12h | 1.92±0.36cdef | 31.00±1.87ghij | 3.83±0.00ab | 86.50±1.38efg | 0.67±0.17bcd | 9.83±0.24ij | 6.68±1.03gh | 0.57±0.11cd | 9.43±0.45bcdef | 9.76±0.28cdef | 20.75±1.55a | 6.91±0.12bc | 0.72±0.06b | 3.65±0.15bc |
16-177 | 14.86±2.41ef | 1.36±0.13h | 2.08±0.33defg | 32.17±1.34fghij | 4.00±0.24ab | 107.67±1.70ab | 0.56±0.09bcdef | 18.50±0.50a | 8.60±0.87def | 0.66±0.08bcd | 9.39±0.55bcdef | 9.92±0.56bcdef | 13.91±1.37de | 7.24±0.55abc | 0.67±0.07b | 3.57±0.12bc |
20-100 | 12.64±0.95g | 1.56±0.14efgh | 1.39±0.31efg | 35.67±1.70defgh | 3.50±0.41abc | 79.80±3.06g | 0.50±0.09cdef | 11.33±0.94ghi | 7.38±0.34efgh | 0.58±0.08cd | 8.36±0.88gh | 9.20±0.79fg | 12.54±0.61ef | 7.03±0.66abc | 0.77±0.08b | 3.73±0.09abc |
20-081 | 15.26±0.91e | 1.53±0.18fgh | 1.73±0.31efg | 28.33±2.69ij | 4.00±0.00ab | 82.00±3.03g | 0.48±0.12def | 17.00±0.82ab | 8.68±0.63def | 0.68±0.08bcd | 9.20±0.49bcdefg | 9.76±0.42cdef | 13.01±0.70def | 6.91±0.35bc | 0.79±0.18b | 4.55±0.15ab |
20-056 | 14.52±0.56ef | 1.46±0.14gh | 1.52±0.18efg | 30.00±1.91hij | 3.67±0.47abc | 88.67±2.69def | 0.40±0.08ef | 11.00±0.82hi | 8.03±1.26defgh | 0.48±0.07d | 9.81±0.68abcd | 10.52±0.62abcd | 19.31±1.79a | 6.86±0.50bc | 0.87±0.05b | 4.60±0.22ab |
20-088 | 14.58±1.81ef | 1.73±0.22cdefg | 2.09±0.41defg | 36.20±2.99defg | 4.00±0.41a | 104.33±3.09bc | 0.60±0.20bcdef | 14.67±0.47cde | 10.58±1.80defg | 0.63±0.09bcd | 9.92±0.40abc | 10.75±0.35ab | 14.02±0.90de | 7.17±0.60abc | 0.86±0.06b | 4.50±0.22ab |
20-439 | 13.68±1.02fg | 1.62±0.30defgh | 1.41±0.20defg | 46.40±5.24a | 3.33±0.47abc | 106.60±1.36b | 0.40±0.12ef | 12.67±0.47efgh | 7.83±1.73defgh | 0.65±0.10bcd | 9.04±0.48cdefg | 9.57±0.68cdefg | 14.43±0.83cde | 7.08±0.44abc | 0.86±0.21b | 4.37±0.33ab |
20-436 | 13.60±0.58efg | 1.43±0.15gh | 1.36±0.10g | 45.67±3.73a | 2.83±0.85c | 93.60±2.42d | 0.54±0.13bcdef | 13.67±0.94efg | 7.20±1.21efgh | 0.63±0.13bcd | 8.96±0.75defg | 9.73±0.62cdef | 14.53±0.77cde | 6.38±0.46c | 0.81±0.09b | 3.77±0.12abc |
17-359 | 17.60±1.55d | 1.79±0.11cdef | 1.81±0.32efg | 44.17±3.48ab | 3.50±0.41abc | 89.60±2.94de | 0.65±0.21bc | 14.00±0.82def | 7.35±1.09efgh | 0.63±0.08bcd | 9.71±0.46abcde | 10.24±0.20abcde | 15.06±1.21bcd | 7.02±0.39abc | 0.82±0.04b | 4.20±0.10ab |
20-479 | 14.63±1.49e | 1.88±0.21bcde | 1.34±0.23efg | 27.57±3.70j | 3.33±0.47bc | 81.00±6.53g | 0.39±0.08f | 18.67±1.89a | 7.00±0.61fgh | 0.58±0.20cd | 8.80±0.50fg | 10.40±0.45abcd | 16.11±1.15bc | 7.05±0.43abc | 0.69±0.00b | 3.87±0.12ab |
F值F value | 22.661** | 17.194** | 6.123** | 10.393** | 2.732* | 23.592** | 5.818** | 17.275** | 11.490** | 4.279** | 5.676** | 4.880** | 16.623** | 1.611 | 1.549 | 2.798* |
表3 表型性状方差分析
Table 3 Variance analysis of phenotypic trait
采集编号 Collection number | 穗部性状Spike trait | 叶部性状Leaf trait | 籽粒性状Grain trait | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
花序长 IL | 花序宽 IW | 穗轴第一节间长RL | 小穗数 SN | 小花数 FN | 单序籽粒数 SNi | 单序籽粒重 SWi | 叶层高度 TH | 旗叶长 FL | 旗叶宽 FW | 内稃长 LP | 外稃长 LL | 芒长 AL | 种子长 SL | 种子宽SW | 千粒重TKW | |
15-207 | 20.75±0.70ab | 1.45±0.42gh | 2.79±0.24ab | 31.80±3.31fghij | 3.67±0.24abc | 92.80±4.07de | 0.61±0.14bcde | 12.33±0.94efgh | 9.00±0.70cde | 0.66±0.05bcd | 8.93±0.54defg | 9.30±0.48efg | 9.85±0.58g | 6.98±0.83abc | 0.86±0.16b | 3.63±0.12c |
18-175 | 19.18±0.26bcd | 2.04±0.43bc | 1.73±0.27bcde | 34.60±1.74efgh | 3.17±0.24abc | 82.75±6.42fg | 0.73±0.16b | 16.50±0.50abc | 8.48±0.33def | 0.70±0.11bc | 9.44±0.64bcdef | 9.54±0.52defg | 12.47±0.86ef | 6.73±1.19bc | 0.89±0.21b | 4.73±0.09a |
15-087 | 22.21±0.80a | 1.83±0.33bcdef | 2.85±0.65bcd | 39.50±2.93bcde | 4.00±0.00ab | 93.00±4.06de | 0.75±0.26b | 11.75±0.25fghi | 10.50±0.94bc | 0.79±0.11ab | 9.44±0.43bcdef | 9.64±0.24cdef | 12.66±0.62de | 6.90±0.83c | 0.87±0.12b | 4.57±0.12ab |
17-123 | 20.64±1.38ab | 1.94±0.44bcd | 2.63±0.67abc | 41.17±4.41abcd | 3.33±0.24abc | 106.40±2.58bc | 0.57±0.13bcdef | 12.00±1.41fghi | 10.48±0.25bc | 0.88±0.17a | 8.35±0.61gh | 9.00±0.50fg | 12.97±0.34def | 6.16±0.34c | 0.79±0.13b | 4.15±0.05ab |
15-070 | 17.40±1.71d | 2.93±0.42a | 2.12±0.42cdef | 42.00±3.41abc | 3.17±0.24abc | 89.00±7.04def | 0.74±0.26b | 18.00±1.00ab | 11.08±0.30ab | 0.89±0.20a | 7.95±0.72h | 8.61±0.75g | 14.10±0.22cde | 7.64±0.67ab | 1.17±0.01a | 3.93±0.19ab |
16-330 | 20.13±0.89bc | 2.14±0.37b | 4.03±0.60a | 37.33±9.37cdef | 4.00±0.00ab | 113.20±3.31a | 0.60±0.08bcdef | 8.67±0.47j | 8.48±0.44def | 0.63±0.10bcd | 8.88±0.66efg | 9.03±0.62fg | 10.96±1.05fg | 6.82±0.54bc | 0.74±0.16b | 4.57±0.12ab |
16-383 | 18.58±1.12cd | 1.66±0.24defgh | 2.59±0.36ab | 35.00±3.46efgh | 3.50±0.41abc | 99.83±5.30c | 0.60±0.20bcdef | 12.50±0.50efgh | 11.14±1.59ab | 0.62±0.07bcd | 8.36±0.39gh | 9.20±0.72fg | 12.50±1.29ef | 7.22±0.79abc | 0.87±0.14b | 3.87±0.12ab |
18-114 | 17.80±0.98d | 0.63±0.19i | 1.50±0.34cdef | 34.00±2.53efghi | 2.83±0.24c | 107.50±7.43ab | 0.50±0.08cdef | 11.67±1.25fghi | 9.52±0.16bcd | 0.61±0.12bcd | 10.35±0.30a | 10.38±0.14abcd | 12.74±0.65ef | 6.72±0.43bc | 0.89±0.01b | 4.03±0.12ab |
16-121 | 15.28±1.58e | 1.43±0.12gh | 1.64±0.55fg | 30.40±1.62ghij | 3.33±0.47abc | 92.00±7.16de | 0.48±0.13def | 18.00±1.41ab | 6.42±0.25h | 0.61±0.02bcd | 9.80±0.86abcd | 10.54±0.64abc | 13.90±1.37de | 6.65±0.36bc | 0.80±0.25b | 3.80±0.16abc |
18-023 | 17.42±0.96d | 1.58±0.19efgh | 1.99±0.37defg | 35.80±4.75defgh | 4.00±0.00ab | 102.17±4.26bc | 1.00±0.22a | 16.00±1.00abc | 12.40±0.96a | 0.67±0.09bcd | 10.09±0.37ab | 10.89±0.99a | 16.65±1.01b | 7.96±0.58a | 0.81±0.10b | 4.30±0.22ab |
17-221 | 15.48±1.01e | 1.33±0.12h | 1.92±0.36cdef | 31.00±1.87ghij | 3.83±0.00ab | 86.50±1.38efg | 0.67±0.17bcd | 9.83±0.24ij | 6.68±1.03gh | 0.57±0.11cd | 9.43±0.45bcdef | 9.76±0.28cdef | 20.75±1.55a | 6.91±0.12bc | 0.72±0.06b | 3.65±0.15bc |
16-177 | 14.86±2.41ef | 1.36±0.13h | 2.08±0.33defg | 32.17±1.34fghij | 4.00±0.24ab | 107.67±1.70ab | 0.56±0.09bcdef | 18.50±0.50a | 8.60±0.87def | 0.66±0.08bcd | 9.39±0.55bcdef | 9.92±0.56bcdef | 13.91±1.37de | 7.24±0.55abc | 0.67±0.07b | 3.57±0.12bc |
20-100 | 12.64±0.95g | 1.56±0.14efgh | 1.39±0.31efg | 35.67±1.70defgh | 3.50±0.41abc | 79.80±3.06g | 0.50±0.09cdef | 11.33±0.94ghi | 7.38±0.34efgh | 0.58±0.08cd | 8.36±0.88gh | 9.20±0.79fg | 12.54±0.61ef | 7.03±0.66abc | 0.77±0.08b | 3.73±0.09abc |
20-081 | 15.26±0.91e | 1.53±0.18fgh | 1.73±0.31efg | 28.33±2.69ij | 4.00±0.00ab | 82.00±3.03g | 0.48±0.12def | 17.00±0.82ab | 8.68±0.63def | 0.68±0.08bcd | 9.20±0.49bcdefg | 9.76±0.42cdef | 13.01±0.70def | 6.91±0.35bc | 0.79±0.18b | 4.55±0.15ab |
20-056 | 14.52±0.56ef | 1.46±0.14gh | 1.52±0.18efg | 30.00±1.91hij | 3.67±0.47abc | 88.67±2.69def | 0.40±0.08ef | 11.00±0.82hi | 8.03±1.26defgh | 0.48±0.07d | 9.81±0.68abcd | 10.52±0.62abcd | 19.31±1.79a | 6.86±0.50bc | 0.87±0.05b | 4.60±0.22ab |
20-088 | 14.58±1.81ef | 1.73±0.22cdefg | 2.09±0.41defg | 36.20±2.99defg | 4.00±0.41a | 104.33±3.09bc | 0.60±0.20bcdef | 14.67±0.47cde | 10.58±1.80defg | 0.63±0.09bcd | 9.92±0.40abc | 10.75±0.35ab | 14.02±0.90de | 7.17±0.60abc | 0.86±0.06b | 4.50±0.22ab |
20-439 | 13.68±1.02fg | 1.62±0.30defgh | 1.41±0.20defg | 46.40±5.24a | 3.33±0.47abc | 106.60±1.36b | 0.40±0.12ef | 12.67±0.47efgh | 7.83±1.73defgh | 0.65±0.10bcd | 9.04±0.48cdefg | 9.57±0.68cdefg | 14.43±0.83cde | 7.08±0.44abc | 0.86±0.21b | 4.37±0.33ab |
20-436 | 13.60±0.58efg | 1.43±0.15gh | 1.36±0.10g | 45.67±3.73a | 2.83±0.85c | 93.60±2.42d | 0.54±0.13bcdef | 13.67±0.94efg | 7.20±1.21efgh | 0.63±0.13bcd | 8.96±0.75defg | 9.73±0.62cdef | 14.53±0.77cde | 6.38±0.46c | 0.81±0.09b | 3.77±0.12abc |
17-359 | 17.60±1.55d | 1.79±0.11cdef | 1.81±0.32efg | 44.17±3.48ab | 3.50±0.41abc | 89.60±2.94de | 0.65±0.21bc | 14.00±0.82def | 7.35±1.09efgh | 0.63±0.08bcd | 9.71±0.46abcde | 10.24±0.20abcde | 15.06±1.21bcd | 7.02±0.39abc | 0.82±0.04b | 4.20±0.10ab |
20-479 | 14.63±1.49e | 1.88±0.21bcde | 1.34±0.23efg | 27.57±3.70j | 3.33±0.47bc | 81.00±6.53g | 0.39±0.08f | 18.67±1.89a | 7.00±0.61fgh | 0.58±0.20cd | 8.80±0.50fg | 10.40±0.45abcd | 16.11±1.15bc | 7.05±0.43abc | 0.69±0.00b | 3.87±0.12ab |
F值F value | 22.661** | 17.194** | 6.123** | 10.393** | 2.732* | 23.592** | 5.818** | 17.275** | 11.490** | 4.279** | 5.676** | 4.880** | 16.623** | 1.611 | 1.549 | 2.798* |
图1 重要影响因子随机森林模型**表示因素的影响达到极显著水平; ns表示因素无影响。** indicates that the effect of the factor reached an extremely significant level; ns indicates that the factor had no impact. 下同The same below.
Fig.1 Random forest model of important influencing factors
图2 产量因子对种子产量影响的结构方程模型(a)及各因子的标准化效应值(b)SY: 种子产量Seed yield. 下同The same below. 图中实线箭头表示显著正的路径关系。数值为标准化路径系数。*表示在0.05水平差异显著,**表示在0.01水平差异显著。Solid arrows represent significantly positive effects at the 0.05 level. The significant standard path coefficients were shown on arrows. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01.
Fig.2 Structural equation model diagram of the effect of yield factor on seed yield (a) and the standardized effect values of each factor (b)
项目 Item | 性状 Traits | 经度 Longitude | 纬度 Latitude | 海拔 Altitude |
---|---|---|---|---|
叶部性状 Leaf traits | 叶层高度TH | -0.105 | -0.065 | 0.204 |
旗叶长FL | 0.401* | 0.384* | -0.454* | |
旗叶宽FW | 0.170 | 0.278* | -0.474* | |
穗部性状 Spike traits | 花序长IL | 0.450* | 0.551** | -0.710** |
花序宽IW | 0.063 | 0.117 | -0.113 | |
穗轴第一节间长RL | 0.455* | 0.555** | -0.578** | |
小穗数SN | -0.420* | -0.294* | 0.093 | |
小花数FN | 0.482* | 0.404* | -0.083 | |
单序籽粒数SNi | 0.021 | 0.127 | -0.220 | |
单序籽粒重SWi | 0.393* | 0.441* | -0.470* | |
籽粒性状 Grain traits | 内稃长LP | 0.129 | 0.039 | 0.124 |
外稃长LL | -0.065 | -0.185 | 0.463* | |
芒长AL | -0.143 | -0.239* | 0.451* | |
种子长SL | 0.182 | 0.179 | 0.026 | |
种子宽SW | 0.124 | 0.152 | -0.304* | |
千粒重TKW | 0.108 | -0.066 | -0.004 | |
生产性能 Production performance | 种子产量SY | 0.370* | 0.380* | -0.581** |
表4 表型性状和地理因子的相关性分析
Table 4 Correlation analysis of phenotypic traits and geographic factors
项目 Item | 性状 Traits | 经度 Longitude | 纬度 Latitude | 海拔 Altitude |
---|---|---|---|---|
叶部性状 Leaf traits | 叶层高度TH | -0.105 | -0.065 | 0.204 |
旗叶长FL | 0.401* | 0.384* | -0.454* | |
旗叶宽FW | 0.170 | 0.278* | -0.474* | |
穗部性状 Spike traits | 花序长IL | 0.450* | 0.551** | -0.710** |
花序宽IW | 0.063 | 0.117 | -0.113 | |
穗轴第一节间长RL | 0.455* | 0.555** | -0.578** | |
小穗数SN | -0.420* | -0.294* | 0.093 | |
小花数FN | 0.482* | 0.404* | -0.083 | |
单序籽粒数SNi | 0.021 | 0.127 | -0.220 | |
单序籽粒重SWi | 0.393* | 0.441* | -0.470* | |
籽粒性状 Grain traits | 内稃长LP | 0.129 | 0.039 | 0.124 |
外稃长LL | -0.065 | -0.185 | 0.463* | |
芒长AL | -0.143 | -0.239* | 0.451* | |
种子长SL | 0.182 | 0.179 | 0.026 | |
种子宽SW | 0.124 | 0.152 | -0.304* | |
千粒重TKW | 0.108 | -0.066 | -0.004 | |
生产性能 Production performance | 种子产量SY | 0.370* | 0.380* | -0.581** |
图4 受海拔影响的表型性状箱线图不同差异字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),下同。Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at 0.05 level. The same below.
Fig.4 Box line diagram of phenotypic traits affected by altitude
项目 Item | 性状 Trait | I类Cluster I | II类Cluster II | III类Cluster III | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均值 Mean | 变异系数 CV (%) | 平均值 Mean | 变异系数 CV (%) | 平均值 Mean | 变异系数 CV (%) | ||
叶部性状 Leaf traits | 叶层高度TH (cm) | 13.813 | 24.640 | 13.389 | 16.769 | 16.333 | 20.203 |
旗叶长FL (cm) | 9.398 | 19.263 | 8.280 | 14.991 | 7.175 | 3.449 | |
旗叶宽FW (cm) | 0.690 | 15.326 | 0.608 | 11.341 | 0.601 | 5.552 | |
穗部性状 Spike traits | 花序长IL (cm) | 18.311 | 12.939 | 14.046 | 6.582 | 16.113 | 13.056 |
花序宽IW (cm) | 1.694 | 33.063 | 1.555 | 7.200 | 1.833 | 3.428 | |
穗轴第一节间长RL (cm) | 2.322 | 30.310 | 1.585 | 17.806 | 1.578 | 21.049 | |
小穗数SN (No.) | 35.397 | 11.042 | 37.044 | 20.558 | 35.869 | 32.715 | |
小花数FN (No.) | 3.569 | 11.343 | 3.556 | 12.461 | 3.417 | 3.449 | |
单序籽粒数SNi (No.) | 97.735 | 9.944 | 92.500 | 12.099 | 85.300 | 7.129 | |
单序籽粒重SWi (g) | 0.650 | 21.924 | 0.487 | 16.227 | 0.519 | 35.781 | |
籽粒性状 Grain traits | 内稃长LP (mm) | 9.201 | 7.930 | 9.213 | 6.286 | 9.255 | 6.927 |
外稃长LL (mm) | 9.649 | 7.112 | 9.920 | 5.971 | 10.321 | 1.110 | |
芒长AL (mm) | 13.622 | 20.581 | 14.639 | 16.550 | 15.586 | 4.734 | |
种子长SL (mm) | 6.995 | 6.767 | 6.904 | 4.047 | 7.033 | 0.251 | |
种子宽SW (mm) | 0.839 | 15.154 | 0.827 | 5.193 | 0.753 | 12.515 | |
千粒重TKW (g) | 4.067 | 9.800 | 4.253 | 9.341 | 4.033 | 5.844 | |
生产性能Production performance | 种子产量SY (g) | 20.064 | 31.176 | 11.251 | 25.691 | 13.417 | 23.014 |
表5 不同类群表型性状的平均值和变异系数
Table 5 The mean and coefficient of variation (CV) of phenotypic character in different groups
项目 Item | 性状 Trait | I类Cluster I | II类Cluster II | III类Cluster III | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均值 Mean | 变异系数 CV (%) | 平均值 Mean | 变异系数 CV (%) | 平均值 Mean | 变异系数 CV (%) | ||
叶部性状 Leaf traits | 叶层高度TH (cm) | 13.813 | 24.640 | 13.389 | 16.769 | 16.333 | 20.203 |
旗叶长FL (cm) | 9.398 | 19.263 | 8.280 | 14.991 | 7.175 | 3.449 | |
旗叶宽FW (cm) | 0.690 | 15.326 | 0.608 | 11.341 | 0.601 | 5.552 | |
穗部性状 Spike traits | 花序长IL (cm) | 18.311 | 12.939 | 14.046 | 6.582 | 16.113 | 13.056 |
花序宽IW (cm) | 1.694 | 33.063 | 1.555 | 7.200 | 1.833 | 3.428 | |
穗轴第一节间长RL (cm) | 2.322 | 30.310 | 1.585 | 17.806 | 1.578 | 21.049 | |
小穗数SN (No.) | 35.397 | 11.042 | 37.044 | 20.558 | 35.869 | 32.715 | |
小花数FN (No.) | 3.569 | 11.343 | 3.556 | 12.461 | 3.417 | 3.449 | |
单序籽粒数SNi (No.) | 97.735 | 9.944 | 92.500 | 12.099 | 85.300 | 7.129 | |
单序籽粒重SWi (g) | 0.650 | 21.924 | 0.487 | 16.227 | 0.519 | 35.781 | |
籽粒性状 Grain traits | 内稃长LP (mm) | 9.201 | 7.930 | 9.213 | 6.286 | 9.255 | 6.927 |
外稃长LL (mm) | 9.649 | 7.112 | 9.920 | 5.971 | 10.321 | 1.110 | |
芒长AL (mm) | 13.622 | 20.581 | 14.639 | 16.550 | 15.586 | 4.734 | |
种子长SL (mm) | 6.995 | 6.767 | 6.904 | 4.047 | 7.033 | 0.251 | |
种子宽SW (mm) | 0.839 | 15.154 | 0.827 | 5.193 | 0.753 | 12.515 | |
千粒重TKW (g) | 4.067 | 9.800 | 4.253 | 9.341 | 4.033 | 5.844 | |
生产性能Production performance | 种子产量SY (g) | 20.064 | 31.176 | 11.251 | 25.691 | 13.417 | 23.014 |
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