草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (10): 83-95.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024038
王金兰1,3(), 王小军2,3, 刘启林2,3, 梁国玲2,3, 琚泽亮2,3, 石红梅4, 汪小兵5, 文培6, 青梅然丁null6, 李文2,3(
)
收稿日期:
2024-01-27
修回日期:
2024-03-07
出版日期:
2024-10-20
发布日期:
2024-07-15
通讯作者:
李文
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: lw@qhu.edu.cn基金资助:
Jin-lan WANG1,3(), Xiao-jun WANG2,3, Qi-lin LIU2,3, Guo-ling LIANG2,3, Ze-liang JU2,3, Hong-mei SHI4, Xiao-bing WANG5, Pei WEN6, Qingmeiranding6, Wen LI2,3(
)
Received:
2024-01-27
Revised:
2024-03-07
Online:
2024-10-20
Published:
2024-07-15
Contact:
Wen LI
摘要:
为筛选出适宜三江源区种植的优质高产燕麦品种,本研究以15个燕麦品种为对象,在班玛县和治多县开展引种评比试验,分析不同燕麦品种的农艺性状、产量性状和品质性状特征,采用分段结构方程模型探讨品种、种植区域及其交互作用如何通过影响农艺性状和产量性状进而影响营养品质,并采用TOPSIS-多准则决策模型对供试品种的各项指标进行综合评价,以筛选出适宜三江源区种植的优良燕麦品种,从而为该区的饲草生产提供数据支撑。结果表明:15个燕麦品种均不能实现籽粒成熟,无法完成整个生长周期。青燕2号、青燕5号和青引1号株高较高,为82.2~89.7 cm;青燕4号、青燕3号和青燕5号干草产量较高,为1012.3~1167.1 g·m-2;青引2号、陇燕1号和青燕5号的粗蛋白含量较高,为7.6%~8.1%;青燕5号的茎叶比、酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量较低,而相对饲用价值较高。结构方程模型分析表明,品种、种植区域及其交互作用主要通过影响产量和株高间接影响燕麦的营养品质。TOPSIS-多准则决策模型分析表明,青燕5号和青燕3号既能维持较高的生产性能,又具有较好的营养品质,是三江源地区理想种植的燕麦品种。
王金兰, 王小军, 刘启林, 梁国玲, 琚泽亮, 石红梅, 汪小兵, 文培, 青梅然丁null, 李文. 不同燕麦品种在三江源区的生产性能和营养品质综合评价[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(10): 83-95.
Jin-lan WANG, Xiao-jun WANG, Qi-lin LIU, Guo-ling LIANG, Ze-liang JU, Hong-mei SHI, Xiao-bing WANG, Pei WEN, Qingmeiranding, Wen LI. A multi-trait evaluation of production performance and nutritional quality of different oat varieties in the Sanjiangyuan area[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(10): 83-95.
编号 Number | 品种 Varieties | 拉丁名 Latin name | 纯净度 Seed purity (%) | 发芽率 Germination rate (%) | 类型 Type | 原产地 Producing area |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
V1 | 青海444 | A. sativa cv. Qinghai No.444 | 95.2 | 96 | 早熟 Early maturity | 丹麦 Denmark |
V2 | 白燕7号 | A. sativa cv. Baiyan No.7 | 96.7 | 97 | 中熟 Mid maturity | 吉林Jilin |
V3 | 青燕4号 | A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.4 | 95.8 | 93 | 中晚熟 Mid-late maturity | 青海 Qinghai |
V4 | 陇燕1号 | A. sativa cv. Longyan No.1 | 96.3 | 93 | 中熟 Mid maturity | 甘肃Gansu |
V5 | 青引2号 | A. sativa cv. Qingyin No.2 | 96.4 | 95 | 早熟 Early maturity | 加拿大 Canada |
V6 | 青燕3号 | A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.3 | 94.3 | 96 | 晚熟 Late maturity | 青海 Qinghai |
V7 | 林纳 | A. sativa cv. Lena | 94.7 | 95 | 中熟 Mid maturity | 挪威 Norway |
V8 | 青海甜燕麦 | A. sativa cv. Qinghai | 93.3 | 95 | 中熟 Mid maturity | 苏联 Soviet Union |
V9 | 青燕1号 | A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.1 | 95.5 | 94 | 早熟 Early maturity | 青海 Qinghai |
V10 | 青燕2号 | A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.2 | 96.3 | 95 | 中晚熟 Mid-late maturity | 甘肃Gansu |
V11 | 青莜3号 | A. nuda cv. Qingyou No.3 | 96.3 | 94 | 晚熟 Late maturity | 英国 England |
V12 | 加燕2号 | A. sativa cv. Jiayan No.2 | 94.8 | 94 | 中熟 Mid maturity | 加拿大 Canada |
V13 | 青引1号 | A. sativa cv. Qingyin No.1 | 95.2 | 97 | 中早熟 Mid-early maturity | 河北 Hebei |
V14 | 青燕5号 | A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.5 | 96.4 | 95 | 中晚熟Mid-late maturity | 加拿大 Canada |
V15 | 甜燕1号 | A. sativa cv. Tianyan No.1 | 94.4 | 95 | 中熟 Mid maturity | 加拿大 Canada |
表 1 供试燕麦品种基本特征
Table 1 The basic characteristics of tested oat varieties
编号 Number | 品种 Varieties | 拉丁名 Latin name | 纯净度 Seed purity (%) | 发芽率 Germination rate (%) | 类型 Type | 原产地 Producing area |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
V1 | 青海444 | A. sativa cv. Qinghai No.444 | 95.2 | 96 | 早熟 Early maturity | 丹麦 Denmark |
V2 | 白燕7号 | A. sativa cv. Baiyan No.7 | 96.7 | 97 | 中熟 Mid maturity | 吉林Jilin |
V3 | 青燕4号 | A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.4 | 95.8 | 93 | 中晚熟 Mid-late maturity | 青海 Qinghai |
V4 | 陇燕1号 | A. sativa cv. Longyan No.1 | 96.3 | 93 | 中熟 Mid maturity | 甘肃Gansu |
V5 | 青引2号 | A. sativa cv. Qingyin No.2 | 96.4 | 95 | 早熟 Early maturity | 加拿大 Canada |
V6 | 青燕3号 | A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.3 | 94.3 | 96 | 晚熟 Late maturity | 青海 Qinghai |
V7 | 林纳 | A. sativa cv. Lena | 94.7 | 95 | 中熟 Mid maturity | 挪威 Norway |
V8 | 青海甜燕麦 | A. sativa cv. Qinghai | 93.3 | 95 | 中熟 Mid maturity | 苏联 Soviet Union |
V9 | 青燕1号 | A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.1 | 95.5 | 94 | 早熟 Early maturity | 青海 Qinghai |
V10 | 青燕2号 | A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.2 | 96.3 | 95 | 中晚熟 Mid-late maturity | 甘肃Gansu |
V11 | 青莜3号 | A. nuda cv. Qingyou No.3 | 96.3 | 94 | 晚熟 Late maturity | 英国 England |
V12 | 加燕2号 | A. sativa cv. Jiayan No.2 | 94.8 | 94 | 中熟 Mid maturity | 加拿大 Canada |
V13 | 青引1号 | A. sativa cv. Qingyin No.1 | 95.2 | 97 | 中早熟 Mid-early maturity | 河北 Hebei |
V14 | 青燕5号 | A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.5 | 96.4 | 95 | 中晚熟Mid-late maturity | 加拿大 Canada |
V15 | 甜燕1号 | A. sativa cv. Tianyan No.1 | 94.4 | 95 | 中熟 Mid maturity | 加拿大 Canada |
品种Varieties | 班玛Banama County (9月20日September 20th) | 治多Zhiduo County (9月23日September 23th) |
---|---|---|
青海444 A. sativa cv. Qinghai No.444 | 盛花期Full-blossom period | 初花期Initial bloom stage |
白燕7号 A. sativa cv. Baiyan No.7 | 孕穗期Booting stage | 孕穗期Booting stage |
青燕4号 A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.4 | 孕穗期Booting stage | 孕穗期Booting stage |
陇燕1号 A. sativa cv. Longyan No.1 | 孕穗期Booting stage | 孕穗期Booting stage |
青引2号 A. sativa cv. Qingyin No.2 | 盛花期Full-blossom period | 初花期Initial bloom stage |
青燕3号 A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.3 | 孕穗期Booting stage | 孕穗期Booting stage |
林纳 A. sativa cv. Lena | 初花期Initial bloom stage | 初花期Initial bloom stage |
青海甜燕麦 A. sativa cv. Qinghai | 初花期Initial bloom stage | 初花期Initial bloom stage |
青燕1号 A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.1 | 盛花期Full-blossom period | 初花期Initial bloom stage |
青燕2号 A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.2 | 孕穗期Booting stage | 孕穗期Booting stage |
青莜3号 A. nuda cv. Qingyou No.3 | 孕穗期Booting stage | 孕穗期Booting stage |
加燕2号 A. sativa cv. Jiayan No.2 | 初花期Initial bloom stage | 初花期Initial bloom stage |
青引1号 A. sativa cv. Qingyin No.1 | 初花期Initial bloom stage | 初花期Initial bloom stage |
青燕5号 A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.5 | 孕穗期Booting stage | 孕穗期Booting stage |
甜燕1号 A. sativa cv. Tianyan No.1 | 孕穗期Booting stage | 初花期Initial bloom stage |
表2 生长季末期不同燕麦品种的生育期
Table 2 The growth period of different oat varieties at the end of the growing season
品种Varieties | 班玛Banama County (9月20日September 20th) | 治多Zhiduo County (9月23日September 23th) |
---|---|---|
青海444 A. sativa cv. Qinghai No.444 | 盛花期Full-blossom period | 初花期Initial bloom stage |
白燕7号 A. sativa cv. Baiyan No.7 | 孕穗期Booting stage | 孕穗期Booting stage |
青燕4号 A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.4 | 孕穗期Booting stage | 孕穗期Booting stage |
陇燕1号 A. sativa cv. Longyan No.1 | 孕穗期Booting stage | 孕穗期Booting stage |
青引2号 A. sativa cv. Qingyin No.2 | 盛花期Full-blossom period | 初花期Initial bloom stage |
青燕3号 A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.3 | 孕穗期Booting stage | 孕穗期Booting stage |
林纳 A. sativa cv. Lena | 初花期Initial bloom stage | 初花期Initial bloom stage |
青海甜燕麦 A. sativa cv. Qinghai | 初花期Initial bloom stage | 初花期Initial bloom stage |
青燕1号 A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.1 | 盛花期Full-blossom period | 初花期Initial bloom stage |
青燕2号 A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.2 | 孕穗期Booting stage | 孕穗期Booting stage |
青莜3号 A. nuda cv. Qingyou No.3 | 孕穗期Booting stage | 孕穗期Booting stage |
加燕2号 A. sativa cv. Jiayan No.2 | 初花期Initial bloom stage | 初花期Initial bloom stage |
青引1号 A. sativa cv. Qingyin No.1 | 初花期Initial bloom stage | 初花期Initial bloom stage |
青燕5号 A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.5 | 孕穗期Booting stage | 孕穗期Booting stage |
甜燕1号 A. sativa cv. Tianyan No.1 | 孕穗期Booting stage | 初花期Initial bloom stage |
项目 Item | 因素 Factor | 平方和 Sum of squares | 自由度 Degrees of freedom | 均方 Mean square | F | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
产量 Yield | 区域Region | 1587.60 | 1.00 | 1587.60 | 0.22 | 0.65 |
品种Variety | 918270.79 | 14.00 | 65590.77 | 8.87 | 0.00 | |
区域×品种Region×variety | 94783.40 | 14.00 | 6770.24 | 0.92 | 0.55 | |
株高 Plant height | 区域Region | 23.51 | 1.00 | 23.51 | 0.40 | 0.53 |
品种Variety | 7298.98 | 14.00 | 521.36 | 8.79 | 0.00 | |
区域×品种Region×variety | 421.49 | 14.00 | 30.11 | 0.51 | 0.92 | |
茎叶比 Stem leaf ratio | 区域Region | 0.04 | 1.00 | 0.04 | 65.46 | 0.00 |
品种Variety | 0.03 | 14.00 | 0.00 | 3.81 | 0.00 | |
区域×品种Region×variety | 0.02 | 14.00 | 0.00 | 1.86 | 0.05 | |
分蘖数 Tiller number | 区域Region | 0.90 | 1.00 | 0.90 | 2.03 | 0.16 |
品种Variety | 31.60 | 14.00 | 2.26 | 5.08 | 0.00 | |
区域×品种Region×variety | 2.93 | 14.00 | 0.21 | 0.47 | 0.94 |
表3 品种及种植区域对燕麦生产性能影响的双因素方差分析
Table 3 Two-factor variance analysis of varieties and region on oat production performance
项目 Item | 因素 Factor | 平方和 Sum of squares | 自由度 Degrees of freedom | 均方 Mean square | F | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
产量 Yield | 区域Region | 1587.60 | 1.00 | 1587.60 | 0.22 | 0.65 |
品种Variety | 918270.79 | 14.00 | 65590.77 | 8.87 | 0.00 | |
区域×品种Region×variety | 94783.40 | 14.00 | 6770.24 | 0.92 | 0.55 | |
株高 Plant height | 区域Region | 23.51 | 1.00 | 23.51 | 0.40 | 0.53 |
品种Variety | 7298.98 | 14.00 | 521.36 | 8.79 | 0.00 | |
区域×品种Region×variety | 421.49 | 14.00 | 30.11 | 0.51 | 0.92 | |
茎叶比 Stem leaf ratio | 区域Region | 0.04 | 1.00 | 0.04 | 65.46 | 0.00 |
品种Variety | 0.03 | 14.00 | 0.00 | 3.81 | 0.00 | |
区域×品种Region×variety | 0.02 | 14.00 | 0.00 | 1.86 | 0.05 | |
分蘖数 Tiller number | 区域Region | 0.90 | 1.00 | 0.90 | 2.03 | 0.16 |
品种Variety | 31.60 | 14.00 | 2.26 | 5.08 | 0.00 | |
区域×品种Region×variety | 2.93 | 14.00 | 0.21 | 0.47 | 0.94 |
图1 不同燕麦品种生产性能V1:青海444;V2:白燕7号;V3:青燕4号;V4:陇燕1号;V5:青引2号;V6:青燕3号;V7:林纳;V8:青海甜燕麦;V9:青燕1号;V10:青燕2号;V11:青莜3号;V12:加燕2号;V13:青引1号;V14:青燕5号;V15:甜燕1号。图中不同小写字母表示同一种植区域不同燕麦品种间差异显著(P<0.05),下同。V1: A. sativa cv. Qinghai No.444; V2: A. sativa cv. Baiyan No.7; V3: A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.4; V4: A. sativa cv. Longyan No. 1; V5: A. sativa cv. Qingyin No.2; V6: A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.3; V7: A. sativa cv. Lena; V8: A. sativa cv. Qinghai; V9: A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.1; V10: A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.2; V11: A. nuda cv. Qingyou No.3; V12: A. sativa cv. Jiayan No.2; V13: A. sativa cv. Qingyin No.1; V14: A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.5; V15: A. sativa cv. Tianyan No.1. The different lowercase letters in the figure indicate significant differences among the oat varieties in the same region, the same below.
Fig.1 Changes in production performance of different oat varieties
项目 Item | 因素 Factor | 平方和 Sum of squares | 自由度 Degrees of freedom | 均方 Mean square | F | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
粗蛋白 Crude protein | 区域Region | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
品种Variety | 25.62 | 14.00 | 1.83 | 4.93 | 0.00 | |
区域×品种Region×variety | 0.00 | 14.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
粗脂肪 Crude fat | 区域Region | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
品种Variety | 6.29 | 14.00 | 0.45 | 11.47 | 0.00 | |
区域×品种Region×variety | 0.00 | 14.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
粗灰分 Crude ash | 区域Region | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
品种Variety | 39.42 | 14.00 | 2.82 | 6.35 | 0.00 | |
区域×品种Region×variety | 0.00 | 14.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber | 区域Region | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
品种Variety | 223.10 | 14.00 | 15.94 | 79.03 | 0.00 | |
区域×品种Region×variety | 0.00 | 14.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber | 区域Region | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
品种Variety | 413.27 | 14.00 | 29.52 | 201.66 | 0.00 | |
区域×品种Region×variety | 0.00 | 14.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
相对饲用价值 Relative feeding value | 区域Region | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
品种Variety | 1735.72 | 14.00 | 123.98 | 150.03 | 0.00 | |
区域×品种Region×variety | 0.00 | 14.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
表4 品种及种植区域对燕麦营养品质的双因素方差分析
Table 4 Two-factor variance analysis of varieties and region on oat nutritional quality
项目 Item | 因素 Factor | 平方和 Sum of squares | 自由度 Degrees of freedom | 均方 Mean square | F | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
粗蛋白 Crude protein | 区域Region | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
品种Variety | 25.62 | 14.00 | 1.83 | 4.93 | 0.00 | |
区域×品种Region×variety | 0.00 | 14.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
粗脂肪 Crude fat | 区域Region | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
品种Variety | 6.29 | 14.00 | 0.45 | 11.47 | 0.00 | |
区域×品种Region×variety | 0.00 | 14.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
粗灰分 Crude ash | 区域Region | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
品种Variety | 39.42 | 14.00 | 2.82 | 6.35 | 0.00 | |
区域×品种Region×variety | 0.00 | 14.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber | 区域Region | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
品种Variety | 223.10 | 14.00 | 15.94 | 79.03 | 0.00 | |
区域×品种Region×variety | 0.00 | 14.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber | 区域Region | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
品种Variety | 413.27 | 14.00 | 29.52 | 201.66 | 0.00 | |
区域×品种Region×variety | 0.00 | 14.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
相对饲用价值 Relative feeding value | 区域Region | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
品种Variety | 1735.72 | 14.00 | 123.98 | 150.03 | 0.00 | |
区域×品种Region×variety | 0.00 | 14.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
图6 结构方程模型分析品种与种植区域对燕麦营养品质的影响路径及各变量的标准化效应值实线和虚线箭头分别表示显著正和负的路径关系。数值为标准化路径系数。*表示在0.05水平上差异显著,**表示在0.01水平上差异显著,***表示在0.001水平上差异显著。Solid and dashed arrows represent significantly positive or negative effects at the 0.05 level, respectively. The significant standard path coefficients were shown on arrows. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.
Fig.6 Structural equation model was used to analyze the influence path of variety and region on the nutritional quality of oat and the standardized effect value of each variable
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