草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 111-122.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024139
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
马江萍1(
), 张译尹1, 王腾飞1, 王斌1, 兰剑1,2(
)
收稿日期:2024-04-23
修回日期:2024-07-09
出版日期:2025-03-20
发布日期:2025-01-02
通讯作者:
兰剑
作者简介:E-mail: ndlanjian@163.com基金资助:
Jiang-ping MA1(
), Yi-yin ZHANG1, Teng-fei WANG1, Bin WANG1, Jian LAN1,2(
)
Received:2024-04-23
Revised:2024-07-09
Online:2025-03-20
Published:2025-01-02
Contact:
Jian LAN
摘要:
豆/禾混播量是影响混播草地生产性能和营养价值的关键因素,研究宁夏引黄灌区适宜与饲用高粱混播的拉巴豆播量对于缓解该地区饲草料供给不足等问题具有重要意义。设置4个不同拉巴豆播种量(SL1:16.5 kg·hm-2;SL2:33.0 kg·hm-2;SL3:49.5 kg·hm-2;SL4:66.0 kg·hm-2)与饲用高粱混播,以及拉巴豆和饲用高粱单播(L0:49.5 kg·hm-2和S0:18.0 kg·hm-2),对混播草地生产性能、种间竞争以及经济效益进行研究。2年试验结果表明,饲用高粱与拉巴豆混播草地的总干草产量与粗蛋白产量显著高于单播(P<0.05),其中在SL2处理下达到最大,较饲用高粱单播分别提高了63.66%和9.13%。所有混播处理的土地当量比均大于1,且在SL2处理下达到最高(1.26),表明该处理增产效益明显。混播群落中饲用高粱的侵占强度大于0,且竞争比率大于拉巴豆,说明饲用高粱的竞争实力强于拉巴豆,饲用高粱为竞争优势作物。系统生产力指数随拉巴豆播种量的增加呈逐渐增加趋势,且在SL2处理下两年净收入均达到最高(37469.45和38284.09元·hm-2)。综合混播草地生产性能、土地当量比、货币优势指数以及净收入等指标,饲用高粱与拉巴豆在SL2混播处理中表现最优。因此建议在宁夏引黄灌区拉巴豆与饲用高粱混播的最佳播种量为33.0 kg·hm-2。
马江萍, 张译尹, 王腾飞, 王斌, 兰剑. 饲用高粱与拉巴豆混播对种间关系及草地生产力的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(3): 111-122.
Jiang-ping MA, Yi-yin ZHANG, Teng-fei WANG, Bin WANG, Jian LAN. Interspecific relationship and forage productivity effects in mixed sowings of Sorghum bicolor and Dolichos lablab[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(3): 111-122.
| 项目Item | 单价Unit price |
|---|---|
| 饲用高粱种子S. bicolor seed (yuan·kg-1) | 50 |
| 拉巴豆种子D. lablab seed (yuan·kg-1) | 40 |
| 灌溉Irrigation (yuan·hm-2) | 1500 |
| 肥料Fertilizer (yuan·hm-2) | 1860 |
| 人工Labor (yuan·hm-2) | 3000 |
| 机械Machinery (yuan·hm-2) | 750 |
| 收割Harvest (yuan·hm-2) | 750 |
| 饲用高粱饲草S. bicolor forage (yuan·t-1) | 1500 |
| 拉巴豆饲草D. lablab forage (yuan·t-1) | 2200 |
表1 投入与产出项目及饲草价格
Table 1 Input and output categories and forage prices
| 项目Item | 单价Unit price |
|---|---|
| 饲用高粱种子S. bicolor seed (yuan·kg-1) | 50 |
| 拉巴豆种子D. lablab seed (yuan·kg-1) | 40 |
| 灌溉Irrigation (yuan·hm-2) | 1500 |
| 肥料Fertilizer (yuan·hm-2) | 1860 |
| 人工Labor (yuan·hm-2) | 3000 |
| 机械Machinery (yuan·hm-2) | 750 |
| 收割Harvest (yuan·hm-2) | 750 |
| 饲用高粱饲草S. bicolor forage (yuan·t-1) | 1500 |
| 拉巴豆饲草D. lablab forage (yuan·t-1) | 2200 |
图2 不同处理对饲用高粱、拉巴豆干草产量及总干草产量的影响不同大写字母表示饲用高粱在不同处理间差异显著,不同小写字母表示拉巴豆在不同处理间有显著性差异(P<0.05)。Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences among S. bicolor treatments, and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among D. lablab treatments (P<0.05).
Fig.2 Effects of different treatments on S. bicolor, D. lablab hay yield and total hay yield
图3 不同处理对粗蛋白产量的影响不同小写字母表示不同处理间在0.05水平差异显著(P<0.05),下同。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05) among different treatments at the 0.05 level, the same below.
Fig.3 Effects of different treatments on crude protein yield
处理 Treatment | 总收入Total income (yuan·hm-2) | 净收入Net income (yuan·hm-2) | 产投比Ratio of income to cost | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | |
| S0 | 41997.27 | 43381.36 | 33237.27 | 34621.36 | 3.79 | 3.95 |
| L0 | 24592.00 | 24128.00 | 14752.00 | 14288.00 | 1.50 | 1.45 |
| SL1 | 45537.91 | 46265.55 | 36117.91 | 36845.55 | 3.83 | 3.91 |
| SL2 | 47549.45 | 48364.09 | 37469.45 | 38284.09 | 3.72 | 3.80 |
| SL3 | 46690.00 | 47225.18 | 35950.00 | 36485.18 | 3.35 | 3.40 |
| SL4 | 46666.27 | 46589.82 | 35266.27 | 35189.82 | 3.09 | 3.09 |
表2 不同混播处理的收益
Table 2 Benefits of different mixed sowing treatments
处理 Treatment | 总收入Total income (yuan·hm-2) | 净收入Net income (yuan·hm-2) | 产投比Ratio of income to cost | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | |
| S0 | 41997.27 | 43381.36 | 33237.27 | 34621.36 | 3.79 | 3.95 |
| L0 | 24592.00 | 24128.00 | 14752.00 | 14288.00 | 1.50 | 1.45 |
| SL1 | 45537.91 | 46265.55 | 36117.91 | 36845.55 | 3.83 | 3.91 |
| SL2 | 47549.45 | 48364.09 | 37469.45 | 38284.09 | 3.72 | 3.80 |
| SL3 | 46690.00 | 47225.18 | 35950.00 | 36485.18 | 3.35 | 3.40 |
| SL4 | 46666.27 | 46589.82 | 35266.27 | 35189.82 | 3.09 | 3.09 |
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