草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (10): 1-15.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024477
• 研究论文 •
刘泽华1,2,3(
), 陈林1,2,3(
), 张雅琪4, 龙进潇4, 李学斌4, 庞丹波1,2,3
收稿日期:2024-11-26
修回日期:2025-01-23
出版日期:2025-10-20
发布日期:2025-07-11
通讯作者:
陈林
作者简介:E-mail: chenlin198388@163.com基金资助:
Ze-hua LIU1,2,3(
), Lin CHEN1,2,3(
), Ya-qi ZHANG4, Jin-xiao LONG4, Xue-bin LI4, Dan-bo PANG1,2,3
Received:2024-11-26
Revised:2025-01-23
Online:2025-10-20
Published:2025-07-11
Contact:
Lin CHEN
摘要:
为探究灌丛化对猪毛蒿群落物种生态位和种间联结性的影响,选取荒漠草原中沙冬青灌丛化样地开展植被调查。采用生态位宽度、生态位重叠、去趋势对应分析(DCA)、方差比率、χ2检验、联结系数(AC)、匹配系数(OI)和Spearman秩相关检验方法对猪毛蒿群落物种进行生态位和种间联结性的相关分析。结果表明:猪毛蒿群落包含草本植物17种,半灌木植物3种,主要以禾本科和豆科植物为主,群落组成复杂;灌丛化导致猪毛蒿群落物种重要值和生态位宽度发生变化,其中随着灌丛化程度的降低,猪毛蒿的重要值和生态位宽度逐渐提高;中度灌丛化样地中猪毛蒿和多数物种表现出更高的生态位重叠,尤其与猪毛菜之间的生态位重叠值为0.87,表明两者在资源需求上具有较高的相似性;DCA排序结果表明在重度、中度和轻度灌丛化样地中,物种分布呈明显聚类现象,猪毛蒿和较多物种占有相似的生态位,而未灌丛化样地中物种分布较为松散;重度、中度、轻度灌丛化和未灌丛化样地猪毛蒿群落总体联结性分别表现为不显著负联结、不显著正联结、不显著负联结和不显著负联结;χ2检验、联结系数(AC)、匹配系数(OI)和Spearman秩相关检验结果和总体联结性结果一致,物种间联结关系相对松散,独立程度较低,群落结构尚不成熟。综上,灌丛化会改变荒漠草原猪毛蒿群落物种生态位和种间联结性,导致猪毛蒿群落处于不稳定状态。在灌丛化草地生态系统恢复过程中,建议选择和猪毛蒿等优势物种呈正联结关系的组合,以形成更为稳定的群落结构,从而增强草地的生态稳定性和恢复性。
刘泽华, 陈林, 张雅琪, 龙进潇, 李学斌, 庞丹波. 灌丛化对荒漠草原猪毛蒿群落物种生态位和种间联结性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(10): 1-15.
Ze-hua LIU, Lin CHEN, Ya-qi ZHANG, Jin-xiao LONG, Xue-bin LI, Dan-bo PANG. The impact of shrub encroachment on species niches and interspecific associations of the Artemisia scoparia community in desert grassland[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(10): 1-15.
生活型 Life form | 物种 Species | 物种缩写 Species abbreviation | 科名 Family | 重要值Importance value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HD | MD | LD | CK | ||||
一年生 Annual | 猪毛菜S. collina | Sc | 藜科Chenopodiaceae | 0.45 | 0.38 | 0.23 | 0.25 |
| 狗尾草Setaria viridis | Sv | 禾本科Poaceae | 0.10 | 0.04 | - | 0.04 | |
| 尖头叶藜Chenopodium acuminatum | Ca | 苋科Amaranthaceae | - | 0.03 | - | 0.13 | |
| 雾冰藜B. dasyphylla | Bd | 苋科Amaranthaceae | 0.31 | 0.11 | 0.23 | 0.05 | |
| 蒺藜Tribulus terrester | Tt | 蒺藜科Zygophyllaceae | - | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.07 | |
| 地锦草Euphorbia humifusa | Eh | 大戟科Euphorbiaceae | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | |
一年生及二年生 Annual and biennial | 猪毛蒿A. scoparia | As | 菊科Asteraceae | 0.17 | 0.21 | 0.39 | 0.26 |
| 白花草木樨Melilotus albus | Ma | 豆科Fabaceae | - | - | 0.22 | 0.14 | |
多年生 Perennial | 鹤虱Lappula myosotis | Lm | 紫草科Boraginaceae | 0.10 | - | - | - |
| 银灰旋花C. ammannii | Cam | 旋花科Convolvulaceae | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.13 | |
| 沙葱Allium mongolicum | Am | 百合科Liliaceae | 0.06 | - | - | - | |
| 地黄Rehmannia glutinosa | Rg | 玄参科Scrophulariaceae | 0.02 | - | - | - | |
| 针茅S. capillata | Sca | 禾本科Poaceae | 0.09 | - | 0.06 | 0.12 | |
| 角蒿Incarvillea sinensis | Is | 紫葳科Bignoniaceae | - | 0.13 | 0.12 | - | |
| 鹅绒藤Cynanchum chinense | Cc | 萝藦科Asclepiadaceae | - | - | 0.08 | - | |
| 骆驼蓬Peganum harmala | Ph | 白刺科Nitrariaceae | - | - | 0.07 | 0.24 | |
| 糙隐子草Cleistogenes squarrosa | Cs | 禾本科Poaceae | - | - | - | 0.10 | |
半灌木 Subshrub | 牛枝子L. potaninii | Lp | 豆科Fabaceae | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.28 |
| 猫头刺O. aciphylla | Oa | 豆科Fabaceae | - | 0.20 | - | 0.11 | |
| 老瓜头C. komarovii | Ck | 萝藦科Asclepiadaceae | - | 0.18 | - | 0.22 | |
表1 猪毛蒿群落不同灌丛化样地中物种组成及重要值
Table 1 Species composition and important values of the A. scoparia community in different shrub plots
生活型 Life form | 物种 Species | 物种缩写 Species abbreviation | 科名 Family | 重要值Importance value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HD | MD | LD | CK | ||||
一年生 Annual | 猪毛菜S. collina | Sc | 藜科Chenopodiaceae | 0.45 | 0.38 | 0.23 | 0.25 |
| 狗尾草Setaria viridis | Sv | 禾本科Poaceae | 0.10 | 0.04 | - | 0.04 | |
| 尖头叶藜Chenopodium acuminatum | Ca | 苋科Amaranthaceae | - | 0.03 | - | 0.13 | |
| 雾冰藜B. dasyphylla | Bd | 苋科Amaranthaceae | 0.31 | 0.11 | 0.23 | 0.05 | |
| 蒺藜Tribulus terrester | Tt | 蒺藜科Zygophyllaceae | - | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.07 | |
| 地锦草Euphorbia humifusa | Eh | 大戟科Euphorbiaceae | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | |
一年生及二年生 Annual and biennial | 猪毛蒿A. scoparia | As | 菊科Asteraceae | 0.17 | 0.21 | 0.39 | 0.26 |
| 白花草木樨Melilotus albus | Ma | 豆科Fabaceae | - | - | 0.22 | 0.14 | |
多年生 Perennial | 鹤虱Lappula myosotis | Lm | 紫草科Boraginaceae | 0.10 | - | - | - |
| 银灰旋花C. ammannii | Cam | 旋花科Convolvulaceae | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.13 | |
| 沙葱Allium mongolicum | Am | 百合科Liliaceae | 0.06 | - | - | - | |
| 地黄Rehmannia glutinosa | Rg | 玄参科Scrophulariaceae | 0.02 | - | - | - | |
| 针茅S. capillata | Sca | 禾本科Poaceae | 0.09 | - | 0.06 | 0.12 | |
| 角蒿Incarvillea sinensis | Is | 紫葳科Bignoniaceae | - | 0.13 | 0.12 | - | |
| 鹅绒藤Cynanchum chinense | Cc | 萝藦科Asclepiadaceae | - | - | 0.08 | - | |
| 骆驼蓬Peganum harmala | Ph | 白刺科Nitrariaceae | - | - | 0.07 | 0.24 | |
| 糙隐子草Cleistogenes squarrosa | Cs | 禾本科Poaceae | - | - | - | 0.10 | |
半灌木 Subshrub | 牛枝子L. potaninii | Lp | 豆科Fabaceae | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.28 |
| 猫头刺O. aciphylla | Oa | 豆科Fabaceae | - | 0.20 | - | 0.11 | |
| 老瓜头C. komarovii | Ck | 萝藦科Asclepiadaceae | - | 0.18 | - | 0.22 | |
物种 Species | Levins生态位宽度Levins niche width | Shannon生态位宽度Shannon niche width | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HD | MD | LD | CK | HD | MD | LD | CK | |
| 猪毛蒿A.scoparia | 3.88 | 4.36 | 4.77 | 3.91 | 1.46 | 1.58 | 1.54 | 1.46 |
| 猪毛菜S. collina | 4.67 | 4.31 | 4.16 | 3.99 | 1.57 | 1.51 | 1.53 | 1.39 |
| 狗尾草S. viridis | 2.23 | 2.91 | - | 1.47 | 0.94 | 1.21 | - | 0.50 |
| 针茅S. capillata | 1.60 | - | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.56 | - | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 牛枝子L. potaninii | 1.25 | 2.27 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.35 | 0.95 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 鹤虱L. myosotis | 1.80 | - | - | - | 0.64 | - | - | - |
| 尖头叶藜C. acuminatum | 1.00 | 1.00 | - | 2.56 | 0.00 | 0.00 | - | 1.07 |
| 银灰旋花C. ammannii | 1.00 | 1.91 | 2.00 | 1.20 | 0.00 | 0.79 | 0.69 | 0.31 |
| 地锦草E. humifusa | 1.00 | 3.46 | 2.79 | 2.66 | 0.00 | 1.41 | 1.06 | 1.12 |
| 沙葱A. mongolicum | 1.92 | - | - | - | 0.67 | - | - | - |
| 雾冰藜B. dasyphylla | 1.96 | 3.52 | 2.53 | 1.60 | 0.68 | 1.32 | 1.09 | 0.56 |
| 地黄R. glutinosa | 1.00 | - | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | - |
| 蒺藜T. terrester | - | 2.58 | 2.09 | 1.72 | - | 1.00 | 0.89 | 0.75 |
| 角蒿I. sinensis | - | 2.00 | 1.00 | - | - | 0.69 | 0.00 | - |
| 猫头刺O. aciphylla | - | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - | 0.00 | - | 0.00 |
| 老瓜头C. komarovii | - | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - | 0.00 | - | 0.00 |
| 鹅绒藤C. chinense | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | - | 0.00 | - |
| 骆驼蓬P. harmala | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00 | - | - | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 白花草木樨M. albus | - | - | 1.00 | 2.00 | - | - | 0.00 | 0.69 |
| 糙隐子草C. squarrosa | - | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | - | 0.00 |
表2 猪毛蒿群落不同灌丛化样地中主要物种的生态位宽度
Table 2 Niche widths of species of the A. scoparia community in different shrub plots
物种 Species | Levins生态位宽度Levins niche width | Shannon生态位宽度Shannon niche width | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HD | MD | LD | CK | HD | MD | LD | CK | |
| 猪毛蒿A.scoparia | 3.88 | 4.36 | 4.77 | 3.91 | 1.46 | 1.58 | 1.54 | 1.46 |
| 猪毛菜S. collina | 4.67 | 4.31 | 4.16 | 3.99 | 1.57 | 1.51 | 1.53 | 1.39 |
| 狗尾草S. viridis | 2.23 | 2.91 | - | 1.47 | 0.94 | 1.21 | - | 0.50 |
| 针茅S. capillata | 1.60 | - | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.56 | - | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 牛枝子L. potaninii | 1.25 | 2.27 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.35 | 0.95 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 鹤虱L. myosotis | 1.80 | - | - | - | 0.64 | - | - | - |
| 尖头叶藜C. acuminatum | 1.00 | 1.00 | - | 2.56 | 0.00 | 0.00 | - | 1.07 |
| 银灰旋花C. ammannii | 1.00 | 1.91 | 2.00 | 1.20 | 0.00 | 0.79 | 0.69 | 0.31 |
| 地锦草E. humifusa | 1.00 | 3.46 | 2.79 | 2.66 | 0.00 | 1.41 | 1.06 | 1.12 |
| 沙葱A. mongolicum | 1.92 | - | - | - | 0.67 | - | - | - |
| 雾冰藜B. dasyphylla | 1.96 | 3.52 | 2.53 | 1.60 | 0.68 | 1.32 | 1.09 | 0.56 |
| 地黄R. glutinosa | 1.00 | - | - | - | 0.00 | - | - | - |
| 蒺藜T. terrester | - | 2.58 | 2.09 | 1.72 | - | 1.00 | 0.89 | 0.75 |
| 角蒿I. sinensis | - | 2.00 | 1.00 | - | - | 0.69 | 0.00 | - |
| 猫头刺O. aciphylla | - | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - | 0.00 | - | 0.00 |
| 老瓜头C. komarovii | - | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - | 0.00 | - | 0.00 |
| 鹅绒藤C. chinense | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | - | 0.00 | - |
| 骆驼蓬P. harmala | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00 | - | - | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 白花草木樨M. albus | - | - | 1.00 | 2.00 | - | - | 0.00 | 0.69 |
| 糙隐子草C. squarrosa | - | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | - | 0.00 |
图1 猪毛蒿群落不同灌丛化样地中物种生态位重叠值As:猪毛蒿A. scoparia;Sc:猪毛菜S. collina; Sv:狗尾草S. viridis;Sca:针茅S. capillata;Lp:牛枝子L. potaninii;Lm:鹤虱L. myosotis;Ca:尖头叶藜C. acuminatum;Cam:银灰旋花C. ammannii;Eh:地锦草E. humifusa;Am:沙葱A. mongolicum;Bd:雾冰藜B. dasyphylla;Rg:地黄R. glutinosa;Tt:蒺藜T. terrester;Is:角蒿I. sinensis;Oa:猫头刺O. aciphylla;Ck:老瓜头C. komarovii;Cc:鹅绒藤C. chinense;Ph:骆驼蓬P. harmala;Ma:白花草木樨M. albus;Cs:糙隐子草C. squarrosa;HD:重度灌丛化Heavy shrub;MD:中度灌丛化Moderate shrub;LD:轻度灌丛化Light shrub;CK:未灌丛化No shrub;下同The same below.
Fig.1 The species niche overlap values of the A. scoparia community in different shrub plots
处理 Treatments | 方差比率 Variance ratio (VR) | 检验统计量 Test statistic (W) | 卡方临界值 Threshold values | 检验结果 Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 重度灌丛化HD | 0.55 | 2.74 | (1.15,11.07) | 不显著负联结Not significant negative correlation |
| 中度灌丛化MD | 1.68 | 8.39 | (1.15,11.07) | 不显著正联结Not significant positive correlation |
| 轻度灌丛化LD | 0.44 | 2.22 | (1.15,11.07) | 不显著负联结Not significant negative correlation |
| 未灌丛化CK | 0.51 | 2.57 | (1.15,11.07) | 不显著负联结Not significant negative correlation |
表3 猪毛蒿群落不同灌丛化样地中物种的总体联结性
Table 3 The overall species associations of the A. scoparia community in different shrub plots
处理 Treatments | 方差比率 Variance ratio (VR) | 检验统计量 Test statistic (W) | 卡方临界值 Threshold values | 检验结果 Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 重度灌丛化HD | 0.55 | 2.74 | (1.15,11.07) | 不显著负联结Not significant negative correlation |
| 中度灌丛化MD | 1.68 | 8.39 | (1.15,11.07) | 不显著正联结Not significant positive correlation |
| 轻度灌丛化LD | 0.44 | 2.22 | (1.15,11.07) | 不显著负联结Not significant negative correlation |
| 未灌丛化CK | 0.51 | 2.57 | (1.15,11.07) | 不显著负联结Not significant negative correlation |
图3 猪毛蒿群落不同灌丛化样地中物种种间联结性χ2检验半矩阵图
Fig.3 The interspecific association of species of the A. scoparia community in different shrub plots χ2 test semi-matrix diagram
图4 猪毛蒿群落不同灌丛化样地中物种种间联结系数AC半矩阵图
Fig.4 The interspecific association of species of the A. scoparia community in different shrub plots AC semi-matrix diagram
图5 猪毛蒿群落不同灌丛化样地中物种种间匹配系数OI半矩阵图
Fig.5 The interspecific association of species of the A. scoparia community in different shrub plots OI semi-matrix diagram
图6 猪毛蒿群落不同灌丛化样地中物种种间Spearman秩相关检验半矩阵图
Fig.6 The interspecific association of species of the A. scoparia community in different shrub plots Spearman rank correlation test semi-matrix diagram
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