草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12): 206-216.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025038
• 综合评述 • 上一篇
吕卉1,2(
), 伍晓丽1, 杨赞1, 赵晓1, 郑天润1, 罗钰佳1, 付新宇1, 陈大霞1(
)
收稿日期:2025-02-13
修回日期:2025-04-15
出版日期:2025-12-20
发布日期:2025-10-20
通讯作者:
陈大霞
作者简介:E-mail: 17837@163.com基金资助:
Hui LYU1,2(
), Xiao-li WU1, Zan YANG1, Xiao ZHAO1, Tian-run ZHENG1, Yu-jia LUO1, Xin-yu FU1, Da-xia CHEN1(
)
Received:2025-02-13
Revised:2025-04-15
Online:2025-12-20
Published:2025-10-20
Contact:
Da-xia CHEN
摘要:
黄连为毛茛科多年生草本,是常用药用植物。真菌病害是植物病害主要类型之一,也是影响植物生产的主要因素。目前,我国黄连种植面积约1万hm2,但对其真菌病害的研究尚不深入。为后续开展相关研究,本研究在综合国内外研究结果的基础上,系统综述了黄连属植物真菌病害及病原种类、分布、危害、发生规律、防治方法及存在问题。截至2025年,黄连属10个种上共发现32种真菌引起的40种病害,分布于6个国家10个地区,茎叶病害27种,根部病害13种。15种病害仅在国外报道,25种仅中国报道,其中重庆病害发生最多(16种)。国外对黄连属真菌病害的深入研究较少,我国主要集中在炭疽病、叶斑病、白粉病、白绢病、根腐病等几种病害,研究明确了其发病规律、危害、影响因素、防治措施等,但相关致病机制研究较少。建议重点关注影响黄连生产的主要病害,明确病原菌分类地位,加强对发生规律和机制的研究,开展病害对有效药用成分影响的研究,以及抗病品种的选育,制定安全有效的防治策略,以促进黄连生产的可持续发展。
吕卉, 伍晓丽, 杨赞, 赵晓, 郑天润, 罗钰佳, 付新宇, 陈大霞. 黄连属植物真菌病害研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(12): 206-216.
Hui LYU, Xiao-li WU, Zan YANG, Xiao ZHAO, Tian-run ZHENG, Yu-jia LUO, Xin-yu FU, Da-xia CHEN. Advances in research on fungal diseases of Coptis[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(12): 206-216.
病害名 Disease name | 危害部位 Affected part | 病原 Pathogen | 鉴定方法 Identification?method | 首次报道时间First occurrence record | 分布及参考文献 Distribution and reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 茎点霉叶斑病Phoma leaf spot | L | 耧斗菜茎点霉P. aquilegiicola | M+SG(ITS) | 2014 | 重庆石柱Shizhu, Chongqing[ |
| 白粉病Powdery mildew | L, P, Rh | 毛莨耧斗菜白粉菌Erysiphe aquilegiae var. ranunculi | M | 1991 | 湖北恩施Enshi, Hubei[ |
| 毛莨科白粉菌Erysiphe nitida | M | 2001 | 四川Sichuan[ | ||
| 蓼白粉菌Erysiphe polygnoi | M | 1982 | 重庆石柱Shizhu, Chongqing [ | ||
| Erysiphe ranunculi | CU | 1986 | 中国China[ | ||
| 白粉菌Erysiphe sp. | CU | 2019 | 重庆石柱Shizhu, Chongqing[ | ||
| 炭疽病Anthracnose | L, P | 博宁炭疽菌Colletotrichum boninense | M+MG(ITS, GAPDH, ACT, CHS-1) | 2020 | 重庆石柱Shizhu, Chongqing[ |
| 炭疽菌Colletotrichum sp. | M | 2008 | 重庆石柱Shizhu, Chongqing[ | ||
| 胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides | M | 2011 | 四川Sichuan[ | ||
| 壳针孢斑枯病Septoria blotch | L | 黄连壳针孢S. coptis (syn. Septoriacoptidis) | CU | 2003 | 中国China[ |
| 烟煤病Sooty mold disease | L, P | 煤炱菌Capnodium sp. | M | 2011 | 四川Sichuan[ |
| 镰刀菌根腐病Fusarium root rot | R | 腐皮镰刀菌F. solani | M+MG | 2014 | 重庆Chongqing[ |
| 尖孢镰刀菌F. oxysporum | M+SG(ITS) | 2020 | 重庆石柱Shizhu, Chongqing[ | ||
| 三线镰刀菌F. tricinctum | M+SG (ITS) | 2020 | 重庆石柱Shizhu, Chongqing[ | ||
| F. carminascens | M+MG (ITS, TEF1) | 2020 | 重庆石柱Shizhu, Chongqing[ | ||
| 燕麦镰刀菌Fusarium avenaceum | M+MG (ITS, EF-1α, RPB2) | 2021 | 重庆石柱Shizhu, Chongqing[ | ||
| 腐霉根腐病Pythium root rot | R | 大孢腐霉P. macrosporum | M+SG (ITS) | 2021 | 重庆Chongqing[ |
| 土赤壳根腐病Ilyonectria root rot | L, Rh | 土赤壳菌I. robusta | M+MG (ITS, EF-1α, RPB2) | 2023 | 重庆石柱Shizhu, Chongqing[ |
| Ilyonectria liliigena | M+SG (ITS) | 2021 | 重庆Chongqing[ | ||
| Ilyonectria destructans | M+SG (ITS) | 2021 | 重庆Chongqing[ | ||
| 间座壳根腐病Diaporthe root rot | R | 毁灭间座壳菌D. eres | M+MG (ITS, Tef1-α, His3, Cal, Tub2) | 2021 | 重庆石柱Shizhu, Chongqing[ |
| 白绢病Southern bligh | Rh | 齐整小核菌S. rolfsii(syn. Athelia rolfsii) | M+MG (ITS, LSU) | 1987 | 湖北利川Lichuan, Hubei[ |
| 紫纹羽病Violet root rot | R | 桑卷担菌H. mompa | M | 1987 | 湖北鄂西E’xi, Hubei[ |
表1 我国味连真菌病害发生情况
Table 1 Fungal diseases of C. chinensis in China
病害名 Disease name | 危害部位 Affected part | 病原 Pathogen | 鉴定方法 Identification?method | 首次报道时间First occurrence record | 分布及参考文献 Distribution and reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 茎点霉叶斑病Phoma leaf spot | L | 耧斗菜茎点霉P. aquilegiicola | M+SG(ITS) | 2014 | 重庆石柱Shizhu, Chongqing[ |
| 白粉病Powdery mildew | L, P, Rh | 毛莨耧斗菜白粉菌Erysiphe aquilegiae var. ranunculi | M | 1991 | 湖北恩施Enshi, Hubei[ |
| 毛莨科白粉菌Erysiphe nitida | M | 2001 | 四川Sichuan[ | ||
| 蓼白粉菌Erysiphe polygnoi | M | 1982 | 重庆石柱Shizhu, Chongqing [ | ||
| Erysiphe ranunculi | CU | 1986 | 中国China[ | ||
| 白粉菌Erysiphe sp. | CU | 2019 | 重庆石柱Shizhu, Chongqing[ | ||
| 炭疽病Anthracnose | L, P | 博宁炭疽菌Colletotrichum boninense | M+MG(ITS, GAPDH, ACT, CHS-1) | 2020 | 重庆石柱Shizhu, Chongqing[ |
| 炭疽菌Colletotrichum sp. | M | 2008 | 重庆石柱Shizhu, Chongqing[ | ||
| 胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides | M | 2011 | 四川Sichuan[ | ||
| 壳针孢斑枯病Septoria blotch | L | 黄连壳针孢S. coptis (syn. Septoriacoptidis) | CU | 2003 | 中国China[ |
| 烟煤病Sooty mold disease | L, P | 煤炱菌Capnodium sp. | M | 2011 | 四川Sichuan[ |
| 镰刀菌根腐病Fusarium root rot | R | 腐皮镰刀菌F. solani | M+MG | 2014 | 重庆Chongqing[ |
| 尖孢镰刀菌F. oxysporum | M+SG(ITS) | 2020 | 重庆石柱Shizhu, Chongqing[ | ||
| 三线镰刀菌F. tricinctum | M+SG (ITS) | 2020 | 重庆石柱Shizhu, Chongqing[ | ||
| F. carminascens | M+MG (ITS, TEF1) | 2020 | 重庆石柱Shizhu, Chongqing[ | ||
| 燕麦镰刀菌Fusarium avenaceum | M+MG (ITS, EF-1α, RPB2) | 2021 | 重庆石柱Shizhu, Chongqing[ | ||
| 腐霉根腐病Pythium root rot | R | 大孢腐霉P. macrosporum | M+SG (ITS) | 2021 | 重庆Chongqing[ |
| 土赤壳根腐病Ilyonectria root rot | L, Rh | 土赤壳菌I. robusta | M+MG (ITS, EF-1α, RPB2) | 2023 | 重庆石柱Shizhu, Chongqing[ |
| Ilyonectria liliigena | M+SG (ITS) | 2021 | 重庆Chongqing[ | ||
| Ilyonectria destructans | M+SG (ITS) | 2021 | 重庆Chongqing[ | ||
| 间座壳根腐病Diaporthe root rot | R | 毁灭间座壳菌D. eres | M+MG (ITS, Tef1-α, His3, Cal, Tub2) | 2021 | 重庆石柱Shizhu, Chongqing[ |
| 白绢病Southern bligh | Rh | 齐整小核菌S. rolfsii(syn. Athelia rolfsii) | M+MG (ITS, LSU) | 1987 | 湖北利川Lichuan, Hubei[ |
| 紫纹羽病Violet root rot | R | 桑卷担菌H. mompa | M | 1987 | 湖北鄂西E’xi, Hubei[ |
病害名 Disease name | 危害部位Affected part | 黄连寄主种类 Host species of Coptis | 病原 Pathogen | 鉴定方法 Identification?method | 首次报道时间 First occurrence record (year) | 分布及参考文献 Distribution and reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 茎点霉叶斑病Phoma leaf spot | L | 格陵兰三叶黄连C. trifolia var. groenlandica | 草茎点霉P. herbarum | CU | 1967 | 丹麦格陵兰岛Greenland, Denmark[ |
| 黑胫病Phoma stem canker | P | C. aspleniifolia | L. modesta(Phoma有性态sexual stage of Phoma) | CU | 1941 | 葡萄牙Portugal[ |
| 白粉病Powdery mildew | L, P, Rh | 深裂日本黄连C. japonica var. dissecta | 耧斗菜白粉菌E. aquilegiae | M | 1986 | 日本Japan[ |
| 日本黄连原变种C. japonica var. japonica | 耧斗菜白粉菌E. aquilegiae | M | 1986 | 日本Japan[ | ||
| 炭疽病Anthracnose | L, P | 云南黄连C. teeta | 壳皮炭疽菌C. crassipes | M | 2014 | 云南Yunnan[ |
| 炭疽菌Colletotrichum sp. | M | 2014 | 云南Yunnan[ | |||
| 三叶黄连C. trifolia | 束状炭疽菌C. dematium | CU | 1977 | 美国America[ | ||
| 壳针孢斑枯病Septoria blotch | L | C. aspleniifolia | 黄连壳针孢S. coptis | CU | 1953 | 美国America |
| 西方黄连C. occidentalis | 黄连壳针孢S. coptis | CU | 1973 | 美国America[ | ||
| 三叶黄连C. trifolia | 黄连壳针孢S. coptis | CU | 1944 | 美国America[ | ||
| 格陵兰三叶黄连C. trifolia var. groenlandica | 黄连壳针孢S. coptis | CU | 1960 | 美国America[ | ||
| 黄连Coptis sp. | 黄连壳针孢S. coptis | CU | 1960 | 美国America[ | ||
| 叶点霉叶斑病Phyllosticta leaf spot | L | 三叶黄连C. trifolia | 叶点霉P. helleboricola var. coptidis | CU | 1953 | 美国America[ |
| 三叶黄连原变种C. trifolia var. trifolia | 叶点霉P. helleboricola var. coptidis | CU | 1967 | 美国America[ | ||
| 黄连Coptis sp. | 叶点霉P. helleboricola var. coptidis | CU | 1960 | 美国America[ | ||
| 球腔菌叶斑病Mycosphaerella leaf spot | L | 格陵兰三叶黄连C. trifolia var. groenlandica | 黄连球腔菌M. coptis | CU | 1960 | 美国America[ |
| 疫霉病Phytophthora diseases | R | 日本黄连C. japonica | 柑橘褐腐疫霉P. citrophthora | CU | 1991 | 日本Japan[ |
表2 其他种黄连真菌病害发生情况
Table 2 Occurrence of fungal diseases in other Coptis plant
病害名 Disease name | 危害部位Affected part | 黄连寄主种类 Host species of Coptis | 病原 Pathogen | 鉴定方法 Identification?method | 首次报道时间 First occurrence record (year) | 分布及参考文献 Distribution and reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 茎点霉叶斑病Phoma leaf spot | L | 格陵兰三叶黄连C. trifolia var. groenlandica | 草茎点霉P. herbarum | CU | 1967 | 丹麦格陵兰岛Greenland, Denmark[ |
| 黑胫病Phoma stem canker | P | C. aspleniifolia | L. modesta(Phoma有性态sexual stage of Phoma) | CU | 1941 | 葡萄牙Portugal[ |
| 白粉病Powdery mildew | L, P, Rh | 深裂日本黄连C. japonica var. dissecta | 耧斗菜白粉菌E. aquilegiae | M | 1986 | 日本Japan[ |
| 日本黄连原变种C. japonica var. japonica | 耧斗菜白粉菌E. aquilegiae | M | 1986 | 日本Japan[ | ||
| 炭疽病Anthracnose | L, P | 云南黄连C. teeta | 壳皮炭疽菌C. crassipes | M | 2014 | 云南Yunnan[ |
| 炭疽菌Colletotrichum sp. | M | 2014 | 云南Yunnan[ | |||
| 三叶黄连C. trifolia | 束状炭疽菌C. dematium | CU | 1977 | 美国America[ | ||
| 壳针孢斑枯病Septoria blotch | L | C. aspleniifolia | 黄连壳针孢S. coptis | CU | 1953 | 美国America |
| 西方黄连C. occidentalis | 黄连壳针孢S. coptis | CU | 1973 | 美国America[ | ||
| 三叶黄连C. trifolia | 黄连壳针孢S. coptis | CU | 1944 | 美国America[ | ||
| 格陵兰三叶黄连C. trifolia var. groenlandica | 黄连壳针孢S. coptis | CU | 1960 | 美国America[ | ||
| 黄连Coptis sp. | 黄连壳针孢S. coptis | CU | 1960 | 美国America[ | ||
| 叶点霉叶斑病Phyllosticta leaf spot | L | 三叶黄连C. trifolia | 叶点霉P. helleboricola var. coptidis | CU | 1953 | 美国America[ |
| 三叶黄连原变种C. trifolia var. trifolia | 叶点霉P. helleboricola var. coptidis | CU | 1967 | 美国America[ | ||
| 黄连Coptis sp. | 叶点霉P. helleboricola var. coptidis | CU | 1960 | 美国America[ | ||
| 球腔菌叶斑病Mycosphaerella leaf spot | L | 格陵兰三叶黄连C. trifolia var. groenlandica | 黄连球腔菌M. coptis | CU | 1960 | 美国America[ |
| 疫霉病Phytophthora diseases | R | 日本黄连C. japonica | 柑橘褐腐疫霉P. citrophthora | CU | 1991 | 日本Japan[ |
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