西藏主要作物与牧草营养成分及其营养类型研究

草业学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (5): 122-121.

西藏主要作物与牧草营养成分及其营养类型研究

秦彧¹,李晓忠²,姜文清¹,田发益³,周志宇^1*,王楠¹,王桃¹

1.兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州 730020;
2.西藏自治区农业科学院,西藏拉萨850000;
3.西藏农牧学院,西藏林芝 860000

收稿日期:2009-06-01 出版日期:2010-05-25 发布日期:2010-10-20
作者简介:秦彧(1983-),男,甘肃天水人,在读硕士生。E-mail:qiny07@lzu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目资助(973项目)(2007CB108903),国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2007BAD80B05)和国家自然科学基金项目(30800801)资助。

An investigation of nutrition components and types in Tibet main crop straws and pastures

QIN Yu¹, LI Xiao-zhong², JIANG Wen-qing¹, TIAN Fa-yi³,
ZHOU Zhi-yu¹, WANG Nan¹, WANG Tao¹

1.College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China;

2.Tibet Autonomous Regional Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lhasa 850000, China;

3.Tibetan Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, China

Received:2009-06-01 Online:2010-05-25 Published:2010-10-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对日喀则和山南地区家畜主要粗饲料作物秸秆(青稞、油菜、土豆、小麦、玉米和燕麦)、精饲料作物籽粒,以及57种天然草地、栽培牧草的营养成分进行了分析,结果表明,作物秸秆营养类型均为粗蛋白、灰分含量低,而粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维与酸性洗涤纤维含量较高的碳型和碳氮型,营养价值较低。精饲料中,油菜饼和豌豆营养价值高于青稞。禾本科和豆科牧草营养类型以粗蛋白含量高、粗纤维含量低的氮型和氮碳型为主。禾本科牧草粗蛋白质含量在20％以上有13个品种,耐酸草粗蛋白含量高达30.72%;豆科牧草9种,其中鹰嘴豆粗蛋白含量高达27.46%,粗纤维只有18.91%,灰分含量为9.30%;藜科1种,法国菠菜营养类型属于较少见的灰分氮型,粗蛋白含量为20.17%,灰分20.15%,而纤维只有12.67%。同时这22个牧草粗纤维含量低于30%,灰分含量在6.24%~10.43%。

Abstract: The nutrition contents of crop straws and seeds (the main source of roughage and concentrate respectively) for livestock as well as 57 kinds of natural grassland and cultivated herbage from Xigaze and Shannan region were analyzed. The nutritive types of crop straw were carbon and carbon-nitrogen types with low crude protein (CP) and Ash (ASH) content, but high crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF). For crop seeds, the nutrition value of rapeseed meal and peas were both higher than hull-less barley. However, the nutritive types of Gramineae and Leguminosae were nitrogen and nitrogen-carbon types with high CP content and low CF. There were 13 kinds of Graminaceous forage species with a CP content more than 20%, and in one acid-resistant grass (Bromus pumpellianus) it was up to 30.72%. Nine kinds of legume were studied. The CP content of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) was up to 27.46%, but CF was only 18.91%, and ASH was 9.30%. French spinach (Spinacia oleracea), one of the Chenopodiaceae, was an Ash-nitrogen nutritive type with a crude protein content of 20.17%, ASH of 20.15%, and CF of only 12.67%. The CF contents of these 22 pastures were less than 30%, nevertheless the ASH content ranged from 6.24% to 10.43%.

中图分类号:

S816.1

秦彧,李晓忠,姜文清,田发益,周志宇,王楠,王桃. 西藏主要作物与牧草营养成分及其营养类型研究[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(5): 122-121.

QIN Yu, LI Xiao-zhong, JIANG Wen-qing, TIAN Fa-yi,
ZHOU Zhi-yu, WANG Nan, WANG Tao. An investigation of nutrition components and types in Tibet main crop straws and pastures[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(5): 122-121.

参考文献

[1] 王建林, 常天军, 李鹏, 等. 西藏草地生态系统植被碳贮量及其影响因子分析[J]. 水土保持学报, 2008, 22(3): 120-125.
[2] 谢国平, 呼天明, 王珍, 等. 西藏草地生态现状分析与治理对策[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2008, 36(19): 8260-8262.
[3] 周志宇, 李生鸿. 栽培牧草养分含量分析研究[J]. 西藏畜牧兽医, 1991, (1): 56-76.
[4] 高宏岩, 施海燕, 王剑红, 等. 甘肃禾本科饲用植物11个属的牧草质量分析[J]. 草业学报, 2008, 17(1): 140-144.
[5] 刘永红, 陈菊兰, 张洪荣, 等. 阿拉善荒漠草地牧草氨基酸组成特点与营养价值研究[J]. 草业学报, 2008, 17(6): 25-33.
[6] 孙海霞, 周道玮, 刘春龙. 松嫩平原农牧交错区绵羊放牧系统粗饲料的链烷特征[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(1): 188-191.
[7] 任继周, 吴自立, 李绶章, 等. 草原生态化学实习实验指导[M]. 北京: 农业出版社, 1987.
[8] 中国饲料工业协会. 饲料工业标准汇编第二册[M]. 北京: 农业出版社, 1987: 7-27.
[9] 成若林. 甘肃天然草地饲用植物营养价值评定[M]. 甘肃: 甘肃科学技术出版社, 1994.
[10] Ulyatt M J. The feeding value of herbage[A]. In: Butler G W, Bailey R W (Ed.). Chemistry and Biochemistry of Herbage[M]. London and New York: Academic Press, 1973.
[11] 玉兰, 聂柱山, 译. 提高牧草饲用价值的育种新标准[J]. 中国草地, 1991, (3): 50-52.
[12] 许令妊, 林柏和. 几种紫花苜蓿营养物质含量动态的研究[J]. 中国草地, 1982, (3): 14-23.
[13] 宁布. 论野生牧草的饲用评价[J]. 中国草地, 1998, (2): 78-79.
[14] 高安社, 章祖同. 六种调制牧草方法的模糊综合评价[J]. 中国草地, 1996, (2): 56-59.
[15] 王德利, 祝廷成. 牧草价值综合评价的定量方法探讨[J]. 草业学报, 1993, 2(1): 33-38.
[16] 王光宇. 区域农业综合生产力的AHP-Fuzzy综合评判[J]. 生物数学学报, 1998, 13(2): 206-210.
[17] 卢欣石, 申玉龙. AHP模型对苜蓿农艺性状的综合评定与应用[J]. 中国草地, 1992, (2): 69-73.
[18] 孟林. 层次分析法在草地资源评价中应用的研究[J]. 草业科学, 1998, 15(6): 1-4.
[19] 夏明, 桂荣, 那日苏. 牧草营养成分聚类分析与评价[J]. 中国草地, 2000, (4): 33-37.
[20] 向志民, 何敏. 蒿类半灌木牧草质量分析[J]. 草业科学, 2000, 17(1): 13-20.
[21] 张喜军. 牧草饲用价值综合评价的数学模型[J]. 中国草地, 1991, (6): 63-67.
[22] 朱兴远. 红豆草和紫花苜蓿营养价值动态研究总结[J]. 草业科学, 1998, 15(3): 31-35, 61.
[23] 李艳琴, 徐敏云, 王振海, 等. 牧草品质评价研究进展[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2008, 36(11): 4485-4486, 4546.
[24] 郑凯, 顾洪如, 沈益新, 等. 牧草品质评价体系及品质育种的研究进展[J]. 草业科学, 2006, 23(5): 57-61.
[25] Falkner L K, Casler M D. Preference for smooth bromegrass clones is affected by divergent selection for nutritive value[J]. Crop Science, 1998, 38: 690-695.
[26] Van Soest P J. Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant, Second Edition[M]. Ithica NewYork: Cornell University Press, 1994.
[27] Casler M D. Breeding forage crops for increased nutritional value[J]. Advances in Agronomy, 2001, 71: 51-107.
[28] Casler M D, Vogel K P. Accomplishments and impact from breeding for increased forage nutritional value[J]. Crop Science, 1999, 39: 12-20.
[29] Steven R, Larson  Henry F, Mayland. Comparative mapping of fiber, protein, and mineral content QTLs in two interspecific Leymus wildrye full-sib families[J]. Molecular Breeding, 2007, 20: 331-347.
[30] 孙启忠. 科尔沁沙地敖汉苜蓿地上生物量及营养物质累积[J]. 草地学报, 2001, 9(3): 165-170.