青藏高原东北缘放牧草地土壤矿物元素含量及分布特征

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为科学评价放牧草地土壤矿物元素含量、分布特征以及对土-草-畜矿物生态系统的潜在影响,对青藏高原东北缘的4个县(天祝、大通、玛曲、若尔盖)的土壤特征和矿物元素进行分析调查。共计采集256个来自该地区不同土壤类型(高山草甸土、亚高山草甸土、沼泽土)的表层土壤样品,分析了土壤中11种矿物元素的有效含量(Ca、P、S、K、Mg、Na、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu和Co)和2种矿物元素(Mo和Se)全部含量。分析发现,土壤中多数矿物元素含量随着地区和土壤类型的不同而表现出一定的差异性,土壤中多数矿物元素含量与土壤有机碳和全氮呈显著正相关,相反与土壤pH有一定的负相关性。土壤中矿物元素磷和镁的有效含量均低于动物可能出现缺乏的临界值,土壤中全量硒的含量严重低于动物硒缺乏的临界值。土壤中磷、镁、硒的缺乏可能会引起该地区放牧家畜该矿物元素缺乏。另外,土壤中元素铁的有效含量远高于推荐值,土壤铁的含量过高可以引起牧草中铁的含量上升,进而影响家畜对其他元素的吸收。然而,要确认家畜是否存在该类矿物元素缺乏和不平衡问题,还需要进一步分析该地区牧草和家畜组织矿物元素含量以及家畜的生产力水平。

Abstract: The status of mineral elements in surface soils of natural grazing pasture was investigated to better understand the potential effects on soil-plant-animal ecosystems. The study was conducted in 4 counties from the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Soil samples (256) from alpine meadow soil (AMS), sub-alpine meadow soil (SAMS), and marshy soil (MS) were collected from these areas, and analyzed to determine the total and available concentrations of 13 elements (Ca, P, S, K, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Mo, and Se). The concentrations of mineral elements in soils varied with region and soil type. Total concentrations for most elements were below the national average of soils from China in one or more counties. However, the available concentrations of all mineral elements selected were above their critical levels for animal health, with the exception of Mg, P, and Se. These mineral deficiencies in soils have potential effects on the deficiency and/or imbalance of mineral elements in plants and animals. In addition, excessive Fe in soil could improve the Fe content of forage, but may eventually hamper absorption of some other mineral elements by livestock. Further research on mineral elements in plants and animals should be conducted to ascertain whether some mineral elements in soil are limiting grass and grazing livestock production in these regions.

中图分类号:

S812.2

辛国省,龙瑞军,尚占环,丁路明,郭旭生. 青藏高原东北缘放牧草地土壤矿物元素含量及分布特征[J]. 草业学报, 2012, 21(2): 8-17.

XIN Guo-sheng, LONG Rui-jun, SHANG Zhan-huan, DING Lu-ming, GUO Xu-sheng. Status of some selected major and trace elements in pasture soil from northeast of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(2): 8-17.

参考文献

[1] 贺晓, 李青丰, 陆海平. 四种微量元素对老芒麦种子发育过程中水分、糖及蛋白质代谢的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2005, 14(3): 100-105.
[2] Soder K J, Stout W L. Effect of soil type and fertilization level on mineral concentration of pasture: Potential relationships to ruminant performance and health[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2003, 81: 1603-1610.
[3] Ndebele N, Mtimuni J P, Mpofu I D T, et al. The status of selected minerls in soil, forage and beef cattle tissues in a semi-arid region of Zimbabwe[J]. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2005, 37: 381-393.
[4] Aregheore E M, Hunter D, Perera D, et al. The soil-plant-animal phenomena: Serum mineral status of Fiji Fantastic sheep grazing batiki grass (Ischaemum aristatum Var. indicumbens) in Samoa[J]. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 2007, 6: 349-357.
[5] 乔晓磊, 郭孝, 刘世亮, 等. 硒钴在“土－草－饲－畜链”(SPFAC)传导中对草畜产品营养的调控[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(6): 128-136.
[6] Kumaresan A, Bujarbaruah K M, Pathak K A, et al. Soil-plant-animal contineem in relation to macro and micro mineral status of dairy cattle in subtropical hill agro ecosystem[J]. Tropic Animal Production, 2010, 42: 569-577.
[7] 王长庭, 龙瑞军, 王根绪, 等. 高寒草甸群落地表植被特征与土壤理化性状、土壤微生物之间的相关性研究[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(6): 25-34.
[8] 张成霞, 南志标. 放牧对草地土壤理化特性影响的研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(4): 204-211.
[9] 刘楠, 张英俊. 放牧对典型草原土壤有机碳及全氮的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2010, 27(4): 11-14.
[10] 胡自治, 文奋武, 卢泰安. 滩羊土-草-畜系统中的微量元素及其意义[J]. 草业学报, 1999, 8(2): 60-64.
[11] 傅华, 王玉梅, 周志宇, 等. 苜蓿施用污泥效果的研究: Ⅱ对土壤理化性质及元素含量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2002, 11(4): 57-61.
[12] 肖蓉, 白军红, 高海峰, 等. 封闭性和开放性沼泽湿地土壤全磷的季节变化特征[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(3): 88-93.
[13] Sterckeman T, Douay F, Baize D, et al. Constitution dun referentiel pedogeochimique regional: methodologie et premiers resultants[A]. In: Baize D, Terce M. Les Elements Traces Metalliques Dans Les Sols. Approches Fonctionnelles et Spatiales[M]. Paris: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 2002.
[14] 黄有得. 河曲马牧草和全血矿物质营养状况的研究[J]. 草业学报, 2000, 9(3): 32-35.
[15] Nyima T, Luo X G, Yu S X, et al. Survey of the mineral nutrition of livestock in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China[C]. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Working Paper No. 59, 2003.
[16] Shen X Y, Du G Z, Li H. Studies of a naturally occurring molybdenum-induced copper deficiency in the yak[J]. The Veterinary Journal, 2006, 171: 352-357.
[17] Zhou L Y, Long R J, Pu X Y, et al. Studies of a naturally occurring sulfur-induced copper deficiency in Przewalski's gazelles[J]. Canada Veterionary Journal, 2009, 50(12): 1269-1272.
[18] Xin G S, Long R J, Guo X S, et al. Blood mineral status of grazing Tibetan sheep in the Northeast of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Livestock Science, 2011, 137: 102-107.
[19] Gerald W, Han J L, Long R J. The Yak, second ed[M]. Bangkok, Thailand: Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, FAO, UN, 2003.
[20] Wang M, Li P, Li J, et al. Changes of serum macromineral concentrations relative to the body weight gain of growing yaks throughout a year-round[J]. Livestock Science, 2008, 116: 203-208.
[21] Whitehead D C. Nutrient Elements in Grassland: Soil-plant-animal Relationships[M]. Wallingford, UK: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau International Publ. , 2000.
[22] Zhang X P, Wei D, Yang X M. The background concentration of 13 soil trace elements and their relationships to parent materials and vegetation in Xizang (Tibet), China[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2002, 21: 167-174.
[23] 周立业. 青海湖东普氏原羚及生境地微量元素季节变化研究[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2009.
[24] 周学辉, 张力, 苗小林, 等. 青藏高原高寒草甸草场土-草-畜生态系统中钠、钾的季节变化研究[J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2006, 42(9): 46-47.
[25] 辛国省. 青藏高原东北缘土-草-畜系统矿物质元素动态研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2010.
[26] Nelson D W, Sommers L E. A rapid and accurate method for estimating organic carbon in soil[J]. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science, 1975, 84: 456-462.
[27] Miller R H, Keeney D R. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 2nd Edu[M]. Madison, WI : American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, 1982.
[28] Lindsay W L, Norvell W A. Development of DTPA soil test for Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1978, 42: 421-428.
[29] 辛国省, 胡征, 周围, 等. 微波密闭消解ICP-AES法测定土-草-畜系统中无机元素[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2009, 30(2): 546-550.
[30] Whetter P A, Ullrey D E. Improved fluorometric method for determining selenium[J]. Journal-Association of Official Analytical Chemists Links, 1978, 61: 927.
[31] Rojas L X, McDowell L R, Wilkinson N S, et al. Mineral status of soils, forages and beef cattle in southern Venezuela. Ⅱ. Microminerals[J]. International Journal of Animal Sciences, 1993, 8: 183-188.
[32] Stevenson F J. Humus Chemistry, Genesis, Composition, Reactions. 2nd Edn[M]. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1994: 496.
[33] Tume P, Bech J, Longan L, et al. Trace elements in natural surface soils in Sant Climent (Catalonia, Spain) [J]. Ecological Engineering, 2006, 27: 145-152.
[34] Xie X L, Sun B, Zhou H Z, et al. Soil organic carbon storage in China[J]. Pedosphere, 2004, 14: 491-500.
[35] Wang W Y, Wang Q J, Lu Z Y. Soil organic carbon and nitrogen content of density fractions and effect of meadow degradation to soil carbon and nitrogen of fractions in alpine Kobresia meadow[J]. Science in China Series D-Earth Sciences, 2009, 52(5): 660-668.
[36] Lu M, Tian K, Cheng Y H, et al. Studies on soil nutrients and enzyme activities of degraded wetland in Napahai[J]. Journal of Southwest Forestry College, 2004, 24: 34-37.
[37] Priess J A, Folster H. Microbial properties and soil respiration in sub-montane forests of Venezuelan Guyana: characteristics and response to fertilizer treatments[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2001, 33: 503-509.
[38] 杨成德, 龙瑞军, 陈秀蓉, 等. 东祁连山不同高寒草地类型土壤表层碳、氮、磷密度特征[J]. 中国草地学报, 2008, 30: 1-5.
[39] 文勇立, 李辉, 李学伟, 等. 川西北草原土壤及冷暖季牧草微量元素含量比较[J]. 生态学报, 2007, 27: 2837-2846.
[40] McGrath S P, Loveland P J. The Soil Geochemical Atlas of England and Wales[M]. London: Blackie Academic and Professional, 1992: 101.
[41] Sutton P, Maskall J, Thornton I. Concentrations of major and trace elements in soil and grass at Shimba Hills National Reserve, Kenya[J]. Allpied Geochemistry, 2002, 17: 1003-1016.
[42] NRC (U. S. National Research Council). Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process[M]. Washington, D. C. : National Academy Press, 1983.
[43] Masters D G, Yu S, Gao F, et al. Identification of mineral elements limiting sheep production in northern China[A]. In: Masters D G, Yu S, Lu D X, et al. Mineral Problems in Sheep on Northern China and Other Regions of Asia. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Proceedings No. 73[C]. Canberra: Australian Center for International Agricultural Research, 1996: 24-44.
[44] Ramirez B J E, Tortora J L, Hernondez L M, et al. Main causes of mortalities in dairy goat kids from the Mexican plateau[J]. Small Ruminant Research, 2001, 41: 77-80.
[45] Kabata-pendias A, Pendias H. Trace Elements in Soils and Plants, 2nd Ed[M]. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1992.
[46] Rahman S, Takaki H, Tamai M, et al. Distribution of zinc, manganese, copper, cobalt and nickel in andosol profiles[J]. Soil Science Plant Nutrition, 1996, 42: 881-891.