休牧对贝加尔针茅草原土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb20130603

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用Biolog-Eco微平板技术和氯仿熏蒸浸提法,以自由放牧地(zero rest grazing, RG₀)为对照,研究了休牧不同年限(RG_3a、RG_6a和RG_9a)贝加尔针茅草原土壤微生物群落功能多样性及土壤微生物量的变化。结果表明,休牧后贝加尔针茅草原土壤微生物群落代谢活性显著升高。反映土壤微生物活性的平均颜色变化率(AWCD)呈以下变化趋势:RG_6a>RG_9a>RG_3a>RG₀。RG_6a和RG_9a样地AWCD值差异不显著(P>0.05),但均显著高于RG₀样地(P<0.05),RG_3a与RG₀样地差异不显著(P>0.05)。休牧不同年限贝加尔针茅草原土壤微生物群落Shannon-Wiener物种丰富度指数(H)、Shannon-Wiener物种均匀度指数(E)和Simpson优势度指数(D)均为RG_9a最高,其中RG_9a样地H值与其他样地差异显著(P<0.05);不同处理E值差异不显著(P＞0.05),RG_9a样地D值与RG₀差异显著(P<0.05)。主成分分析结果表明,RG₀,RG_3a和RG_6a样地土壤微生物群落碳源利用方式及代谢功能相似,而RG_9a样地土壤微生物群落具有不同的碳源利用方式和代谢功能。对不同碳源的分析结果表明,糖类、氨基酸类、脂类为土壤微生物利用的主要碳源。随休牧年限的增加,土壤微生物量呈增加趋势。RG_9a土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮(soil microbial biomass C, N)含量均最高,分别为590.20和72.86 mg/kg。相关分析表明,AWCD值与土壤微生物H值呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与D值呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);H值与D值呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。H值、D值均与土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)呈显著正相关(P<0.05);H值与土壤微生物量氮(SMBN)呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。由此可知,休牧使草原土壤微生物代谢功能增强,土壤微生物繁殖快、数量大,从而促进土壤微生物量碳、氮含量的增加。

Abstract: The changes in soil microbial community functional diversity and microbial biomass under different rest-grazing years (RG_3a, RG_6a and RG_9a) in Stipa baicalensis steppe were investigated and compared with zero rest grazing grassland (RG₀) using the Biolog-ECO micro-plate technique and chloroform fumigation extraction method. The soil microbial metabolic activity significantly increased after rest grazing. The average well color development (AWCD), which represented soil microbial metabolic activity, followed the order of RG_6a>RG_9a>RG_3a>RG₀. The AWCD of RG_6a and RG_9a showed no significant difference, but both were significantly higher than that of RG₀ (P<0.05). RG_3a had no significant difference from RG₀ (P>0.05). The RG_9a had the highest Shannon index (H), substrate evenness (E) and Simpson’s dominance (D) of soil microbial community. The Shannon index (H) of RG_9a was significantly (P<0.05) different from those under other treatments. Substrate evenness (E) was not significantly different from each other; Simpson’s Dominance (D) of RG_9a was not significantly different from those of RG_3a and RG_6a, but significantly different from RG₀. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the RG₀, RG_3a and RG_6a had a similar carbon source utilization mode and the metabolic function differed from that of RG_9a. The carbon sources most used by soil microorganisms were carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids. Soil microbial biomass increased gradually with more rest grazing years. RG_9a had the highest soil microbial biomass C (590.20 mg/kg) and soil microbial biomass N (72.86 mg/kg). Correlation analysis indicated that the AWCD had a significantly (P<0.05) positive correlation with the Shannon index (H) and a highly significantly (P<0.01) positive correlation with Simpson’s dominance (D). The Shannon index had a highly significantly (P<0.01) positive correlation with the Simpson’s dominance (D). The Shannon index (H) and Simpson’s dominance (D) both showed a significantly (P<0.05) positive correlation with soil microbial biomass C and there was also a significantly (P<0.05) positive correlation between the Shannon index (H) and soil microbial biomass N (P<0.05). Therefore, rest grazing enhanced the soil microbial metabolic function which was beneficial to the reproduction of soil microorganisms, thereby promoting an increase of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content.

中图分类号:

李玉洁,李刚,宋晓龙,赵建宁,修伟明,杨殿林. 休牧对贝加尔针茅草原土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(6): 21-30.

LI Yu-jie, LI Gang, SONG Xiao-long, ZHAO Jian-ning, XIU Wei-ming, YANG Dian-lin. Effect of rest-grazing on soil microbial community functional diversity in Stipa baicalensis steppe[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(6): 21-30.

参考文献

杨殿林, 韩国栋, 胡跃高, 等. 放牧对贝加尔针茅草原群落植物多样性和生产力的影响. 生态学杂志, 2006, 25(12): 1470-1475.
汪诗平. 天然草原持续利用理论和实践的困惑—兼论中国草业发展战略. 草地学报, 2006, 14(2): 188-192.
Clark F E, Paul E A. The microflora of grassland. Advances in Agronomy, 1970, 22: 375-435.
Grayston S J, Prescott C E. Microbial communities in forest floors under four tree species in coastal British Columbia. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2005, 37(6): 1157-1167.
Insam H, Hutchinson T C, Reber H H. Effects of heavy metal stress on the metabolic quotient of the soil microflora. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1996, 28: 691-694.
何振立. 土壤微生物量及其在养分循环和环境质量评价中的意义. 土壤, 1997, 29(2): 837-842.
张海芳, 李刚, 宋晓龙, 等. 内蒙古贝加尔针茅草原不同利用方式土壤微生物功能多样性. 生态学杂志, 2012, 31(5): 1143-1149.
赵帅, 张静妮, 赖欣, 等. 放牧与围栏内蒙古针茅草原土壤微生物生物量碳、氮变化及微生物群落结构PLFA分析. 农业环境科学学报, 2011, 30(6): 1126-1134.
朱立博, 曾昭海, 赵宝平, 等. 春季休牧对草地植被的影响. 草地学报, 2008, 16(3): 278-282.
Uytvanck J V, Maes D, Vandenhaute D, et al. Restoration of wood pasture on former agricultural land: The importance of safe sites and time gaps before grazing for tree seedlings. Biological Conservation, 2008, 141(1): 78-88.
曹文侠, 张德罡, 徐长林, 等. 杜鹃灌丛草地响应休牧的植被特征变化. 中国草地学报, 2008, 30(6): 94-98.
殷振华, 毕玉芬, 李世玉. 休牧对云南退化山地草甸草群结构的影响. 草地学报, 2008, 16(6): 630-635.
Grove J A, Kautola H, Javadpour S, et al. Assessment of changes in the microorganism community in a biofilter. Biochemical Engineering, 2004, 18(2): 111-114.
Garland J L, Mills A L. Classification and characterization of heterotrophic microbial communities on the basis of patterns of community-level sole carbon source utilization. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 1991, 57(8): 2351-2359.
Schutter M E, Dick R P. Shifts in substrate utilization potential and structure of soil microbial communities in response to carbon substrates. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2001, 33(1): 1481-1491.
时鹏, 高强, 王淑平, 等. 玉米及其施肥对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响. 生态学报, 2010, 30(22): 6173-6182.
Harch B D, Correll R L, Meech W, et al. Using the Gini coefficient with Biolog substrate utilisation data to provide an alternative quantitative measure for comparing bacterial soil communities. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 1997, 30(1): 91-101.
Vance E D, Brookes P C, Jenkinson D S. An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1987, 19(6): 703-707.
张燕燕, 曲来叶, 陈利顶. Biolog Eco Plate~TM实验信息提取方法改进. 微生物学通报, 2009, 36(7): 1083-1091.
Paul E A, Ladd J N. Soil Biochemistry. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1981: 415-471.
Gil-Sotres F, Trasar-Cepeda C, Leirós M C, et al. Different approaches to evaluating soil quality using biochemical properties. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2005, 37(5): 877-887.
罗希茜, 郝晓晖, 陈涛, 等. 长期不同施肥对稻田土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响. 生态学报, 2009, 29(2): 740-748.
Preston-Mafham J, Boddy L, Randerson P F. Analysis of microbial community functional diversity using sole-carbon-source utilization profiles-a critique. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2002, 42(1): 1-14.
孔维栋, 刘可星, 廖宗文, 等. 不同腐熟程度有机物料对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响. 生态学报, 2005, 25(9): 2291-2296.
杨永华, 姚健, 华晓梅. 农药污染对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响. 微生物学杂志, 2000, 20(2): 23-25.
侯晓杰, 汪景宽, 李世鹏. 不同施肥处理与地膜覆盖对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响. 生态学报, 2007, 27(2): 655-661.
曹成有, 蒋德明, 阿拉木萨, 等. 小叶锦鸡儿人工固沙区植被恢复生态过程的研究. 应用生态学报, 2000, 10(3): 349-354.
Ladygina N, Hedlund K. Plant species influence microbial diversity and carbon allocation in the rhizosphere. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2010, 42(2): 162-168.
孟庆杰, 许艳丽, 李春杰, 等. 不同植被覆盖对黑土微生物功能多样性的影响. 生态学杂志, 2008, 27(7): 1134-1140.
Rodriguez-Loinaz G, Onaindia M, Amezaga I, et al. Relationship between vegetation diversity and soil functional diversity in native mixed-oak forests. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2008, 40(1): 49-60.
李鹏, 李占斌, 澹台湛. 黄土高原退耕草地植被根系动态分布特征. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(5): 849-853.
曹成有, 姚金冬, 韩晓姝, 等. 科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿固沙群落土壤微生物功能多样性. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(9): 2309-2315.
Pengthamkeerati P, Motavalli P P, Kremer R J. Soil microbial activity and functional diversity changed by compaction, poultry litter and cropping in a claypan soil. Applied Soil Ecology, 2011, 48(1): 71-80.
Yu S, He Z L, Huang C Y. Advances in the research of soil microorganisms and their mediated processes under heavy metal stress, Chinese Appllied Ecology, 2003, 14(4): 618-622.
刘秉儒. 贺兰山东坡典型植物群落土壤微生物量碳、氮沿海拔梯度的变化特征. 生态环境学报, 2010, 19(4): 883-888.
任佐华, 张于光, 李迪强, 等. 三江源地区高寒草原土壤微生物活性和微生物量. 生态学报, 2011, 31(11): 3232-3238.
文都日乐, 李刚, 张静妮, 等. 呼伦贝尔不同草地类型土壤微生物量及土壤酶活性研究. 草业学报, 2010, 19(5): 94-102.
张地, 张育新, 曲来叶, 等. 坡位对东灵山辽东栎林土壤微生物量的影响. 生态学报, 2012, 32(20): 6412-6421.
武建双, 李晓佳, 沈振西, 等. 藏北高寒草地样带物种多样性沿降水梯度的分布格局. 草业学报, 2012, 21(3): 17-25.
Smith J L, Paul E A. The significance of soil microbial biomass estimations. Bollag J M, Stotzky G. Soil Biochemistry. New York: Marcel Dekker, INC, 1991: 359-396.
单贵莲, 初晓辉, 田青松, 等. 典型草原恢复演替过程中土壤性状动态变化研究. 草业学报, 2012, 21(4): 1-9.
王蕙, 王辉, 黄蓉, 等. 不同封育管理对沙质草地土壤与植被特征的影响. 草业学报, 2012, 21(6): 15-22.
牛佳, 周小奇, 蒋娜, 等. 若尔盖高寒湿地干湿土壤条件下微生物群落结构特征. 生态学报, 2011, 31(2): 474-482.
O’Donnell A G, Seasman M, Macrae A, et al. Plants and fertilizers as drivers of changes in microbial community structure and function in soils. Plant and Soil, 2001, 232(1-2): 135-145.
Staddon W J, Trevors J T, Duchesne L C, et al. Soil microbial diversity and community structure across a climatic gradient in western Canada. Biodiversity and Conservation, 1998, 7(8): 1081-1092.
邵玉琴, 敖晓兰, 宋国宝, 等. 皇甫川流域退化草地和恢复草地土壤微生物生物量的研究. 生态学杂志, 2005, 24(5): 578-580.
顾爱星, 范燕敏, 武红旗, 等. 天山北坡退化草地土壤环境与微生物数量的关系. 草业学报, 2010, 19(2): 116-123.
Wardle D A. Controls of temporal variability of the soil microbial biomass: a global-scale synthesis. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1998, 30(13): 1627-1637.

[1]	柴华,方江平,温丁,李杰,何念鹏. 内蒙古灌丛化草地取样位置对评估土壤碳氮贮量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 28-35.
[2]	徐沙,龚吉蕊,张梓榆,刘敏,王忆慧,罗亲普. 不同利用方式下草地优势植物的生态化学计量特征[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 45-53.
[3]	李金辉,卢鑫,周志宇,赵萍,金茜,周媛媛. 不同种植年限紫穗槐根际非根际土壤磷组分含量特征[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 61-68.
[4]	陈骥,曹军骥,魏永林,刘吉宏,马扶林,陈迪超,冯嘉裕,夏瑶,岑燕. 青海湖北岸高寒草甸草原非生长季土壤呼吸对温度和湿度的响应[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 78-86.
[5]	闫钟清,齐玉春,董云社,彭琴,孙良杰,贾军强,曹丛丛,郭树芳,贺云龙. 草地生态系统氮循环关键过程对全球变化及人类活动的响应与机制[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 279-292.
[6]	张志南,武高林,王冬,邓蕾,郝红敏,杨政,上官周平. 黄土高原半干旱区天然草地群落结构与土壤水分关系[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 313-319.
[7]	王春燕,张晋京,吕瑜良,王莉,何念鹏. 长期封育对内蒙古羊草草地土壤有机碳组分的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(5): 31-39.
[8]	于雯超,宋晓龙,修伟明,张贵龙,赵建宁,杨殿林. 氮素添加对贝加尔针茅草原凋落物分解的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(5): 49-60.
[9]	卢虎,李显刚,姚拓,蒲小鹏. 高寒生态脆弱区“黑土滩”草地植被与土壤微生物数量特征研究[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(5): 214-222.
[10]	杨阳,刘秉儒,宋乃平,杨新国. 人工柠条灌丛密度对荒漠草原土壤养分空间分布的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(5): 107-115.
[11]	高海宁，马国泰，李彩霞，陈勇，宋涛，张勇，焦扬. 菌剂对铬(Ⅵ)污染土壤中坪草幼苗生理生化的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(4): 189-194.
[12]	马琳雅，崔霞，冯琦胜，梁天刚. 2001-2011年甘南草地植被覆盖度动态变化分析[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(4): 1-9.
[13]	王翀，林慧龙，何兰，曹坳程. 紫茎泽兰潜在分布对气候变化响应的研究[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(4): 20-30.
[14]	邓少虹，林明月，李伏生，苏以荣，刘坤平. 施肥对喀斯特地区植草土壤碳库管理指数及酶活性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(4): 262-268.
[15]	吴强盛，袁芳英，费永俊，李莉，黄咏明. 菌根真菌对白三叶根际团聚体稳定性、球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白和糖类物质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(4): 269-275.