封育对荒漠草原两种植物群落土壤种子库的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2017274

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤种子库作为植被的潜在种源,对荒漠草原植被恢复、群落演替具有重要的指示意义。以宁夏盐池县荒漠草原苦豆子群落和芨芨草群落为研究对象,在2种群落封育和未封育的草地上,选取地势相对平坦、环境条件较为一致的25 m×30 m 的4个大的样方进行群落调查;并在4个大的样方内取0~2 cm、2~5 cm和5~10 cm土层的土样,采取种子过筛直接辨认和种子萌发试验来进行土壤种子库的鉴定。分析了两种植物群落封育前后土壤种子库物种组成、种子密度、多样性及相似性等特征。结果表明:封育可提高两种植物群落土壤种子库中物种数目;而对两种植物群落土壤种子库种子密度的影响不同,苦豆子群落种子密度封育内外差异较小,芨芨草群落封育内种子密度显著提高。随着土层的加深,两种植物群落封育内外土壤种子库物种数和种子密度均呈递减趋势,封育后两种植物群落不同土层物种数均有增加,但封育对两种植物群落土壤种子库中种子密度的垂直分布影响不同。封育可提高两种植物群落土壤种子库的多样性、均匀度和丰富度,但两种植物群落土壤种子库的多样性特征对封育的响应不同,芨芨草群落在荒漠草原的稳定性更高。两种植物群落封育内外土壤种子库相似性相对较高,苦豆子群落封育后有向芨芨草群落演替的趋势。

关键词: 土壤种子库, 苦豆子群落, 芨芨草群落, 荒漠草原, 封育

Abstract: The soil seed bank (SSB), as a potential source of vegetation, has significance for vegetation restoration and community succession on the desert steppe. In this study, we analyzed the SSB of two plant communities (Sophora alopecuroides and Achnatherum splendens communities), fenced and unfenced, on the desert steppe in Yanchi County, Ningxia Province. Four relatively even and flat quadrats (25 m×30 m each) of S. alopecuroides and A. splendens communities, fenced and unfenced, were selected for these analyses. The soil samples from the four quadrats were separated into three layers (0-2 cm, 2-5 cm, and 5-10 cm) and sieved, and then the species of the seeds in the SSB were identified by direct observations and then by germination tests. We compared the characteristics of two communities (SSB species composition, seed density, diversity, and similarity) between fenced (enclosed) and unfenced conditions. The results showed that: 1) Enclosure increased the number of species in the SSB in both communities, but its effects on seed density in the SSB differed between the two communities. The seed density of the S. alopecuroides community SSB was slightly different between the fenced and unfenced areas, while that of the A. splendens community SSB was markedly higher inside the fenced area. 2) The number of species in the SSB and the seed density tended to decrease with increasing soil depth in both communities, inside and outside the fence. Although the number of species in different soil layers was greater in the fenced area for both communities, the effect of enclosure on the vertical distribution of seed density in the SSB differed between the two communities. 3) The diversity, evenness, and abundance of the SSB were greater inside the fenced area than outside the fenced area for both communities, but the effects of enclosure on SSB diversity differed between the two communities. The S. alopecuroides community was more stable than the A. splendens community on the desert steppe. 4) The SSBs of the two communities showed relatively high similarity, and there was a trend towards succession of the S. alopecuroides community to the A. splendens community after enclosure.

Key words: soil seed bank (SSB), community of Sophora alopecuroides, community of Achnatherum splendens, desert steppe, fence

李国旗, 邵文山, 赵盼盼, 靳长青. 封育对荒漠草原两种植物群落土壤种子库的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(6): 52-61.

LI Guo-qi, SHAO Wen-shan, ZHAO Pan-pan, JIN Chang-qing. Effects of enclosure on the soil seed bank of two plant communities on the desert steppe[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(6): 52-61.

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