草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (10): 15-25.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021127
聂莹莹(), 陈金强, 辛晓平, 徐丽君(), 杨桂霞, 王旭
收稿日期:
2021-04-06
修回日期:
2021-05-12
出版日期:
2021-09-16
发布日期:
2021-09-16
通讯作者:
徐丽君
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: xulijun@caas.cn基金资助:
Ying-ying NIE(), Jin-qiang CHEN, Xiao-ping XIN, Li-jun XU(), Gui-xia YANG, Xu WANG
Received:
2021-04-06
Revised:
2021-05-12
Online:
2021-09-16
Published:
2021-09-16
Contact:
Li-jun XU
摘要:
采用Levins生态位指数、Pianka生态位重叠指数和物种多样性指数,分析草甸草原区主要植物种群生态位对封育年限的响应特征。结果表明:退化草地实施封育措施后,群落中主要植物种群生态位宽度发生变化,未封育(对照区)样地以多年生草本植物蒲公英生态位宽度最大;封育年限为4和13年时,生态位宽度最大的物种均为展枝唐松草;封育年限为5、6、8和10年时,生态位宽度最高的物种依次是羊草、麻花头、囊花鸢尾和贝加尔针茅;退化草地实施封育后,物种间生态位重叠指数值集中在0.6~0.9,而未封育样地物种生态位重叠指数值在0.0~0.3;随着封育年限的增加,生态位重叠指数总平均值表现出先增加后降低的变化趋势,其中未封育(对照区)样地主要植物种群生态位重叠指数总平均值最低,封育5年时,主要植物种群生态位重叠指数总平均值最大,为0.68;封育草地的主要植物种群的生态位重叠指数平均值较未封育(对照区)样地增加了40.76%~93.68%;封育年限为5年时,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数最大,分别比未封育(对照区)增加了45.46%、16.51%、45.80%和23.38%。封育后,群落多样性、丰富度和均匀度显著增加,并且植物种间竞争加剧,但在封育5年后,随着封育年限的增加,多样性、丰富度以及均匀度逐渐降低,导致生态位分化,种间竞争减缓,群落趋于稳定。因此,从物种多样性角度出发,该区封育时间不宜过长,在封育5年后,可采取适当利用,保护群落多样性。
聂莹莹, 陈金强, 辛晓平, 徐丽君, 杨桂霞, 王旭. 呼伦贝尔草甸草原区主要植物种群生态位特征与物种多样性对封育年限响应[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(10): 15-25.
Ying-ying NIE, Jin-qiang CHEN, Xiao-ping XIN, Li-jun XU, Gui-xia YANG, Xu WANG. Responses of niche characteristics and species diversity of main plant populations to duration of enclosure in the Hulun Buir meadow steppe[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(10): 15-25.
编号 NO. | 植物种 Species | 未封育 F0 | 封育4年 F4 | 封育5年 F5 | 封育6年 F6 | 封育8年 F8 | 封育10年 F10 | 封育13年 F13 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | 展枝唐松草 T. squarrosum | 2.13 | 3.29 | 2.82 | 4.64 | 7.52 | 4.60 | |
S2 | 早熟禾 P. sphondylodes | 1.71 | 3.53 | 8.23 | ||||
S3 | 羽茅 A. sibiricum | 1.61 | 6.68 | 1.02 | 2.96 | 1.15 | 4.50 | 2.05 |
S4 | 羊草 L. chinensis | 8.90 | 20.44 | 20.40 | 22.20 | 27.92 | 37.88 | 18.08 |
S5 | 细叶白头翁 P. turczaninovii | 3.05 | 11.35 | 4.08 | 3.29 | 2.44 | 8.62 | |
S6 | 双齿葱 Allium bidentatum | 1.37 | 1.24 | |||||
S7 | 沙参 A. stricta | 1.81 | 2.13 | 13.24 | 5.61 | 2.59 | 1.38 | |
S8 | 日阴菅 C. pediformis | 7.64 | 9.72 | 3.01 | 13.94 | 4.84 | 13.88 | |
S9 | 洽草 Koeleria cristata | 1.70 | 3.44 | |||||
S10 | 蓬子菜 Galium verum | 2.22 | 1.51 | 2.07 | 1.80 | 1.81 | 2.52 | |
S11 | 囊花鸢尾 Iris ventricosa | 1.91 | 2.04 | 1.08 | 2.07 | 4.99 | 3.46 | 1.38 |
S12 | 麻花头 S. komarovii | 1.65 | 4.79 | 5.02 | 5.62 | 3.93 | 5.07 | 3.54 |
S13 | 裂叶荆芥 Schizonepeta multifida | 1.94 | 2.03 | |||||
S14 | 裂叶蒿 A. laciniata | 2.83 | 9.37 | 7.12 | 8.96 | 11.72 | 6.43 | 13.89 |
S15 | 二裂委陵菜 Potentilla bifurca | 1.07 | 1.67 | 1.03 | 1.28 | 1.14 | 2.46 | |
S16 | 寸草苔 C. duriuscula | 36.28 | 8.86 | 10.78 | 1.94 | 4.56 | 3.61 | 5.95 |
S17 | 糙隐子草 A. sibiricum | 5.98 | 2.54 | 2.68 | ||||
S18 | 扁蓿豆 M. ruthenica | 1.63 | 2.68 | |||||
S19 | 贝加尔针茅 S. baicalensis | 6.09 | 6.04 | 3.69 | 5.41 | 3.03 | 4.37 | 5.71 |
S20 | 瓣蕊唐松草 Thalictrum petaloideum | 1.30 | 2.70 | 1.22 | ||||
S21 | 狭叶青蒿 Artemisia dracunculus | 1.65 | 1.63 | 2.53 | 1.36 | |||
S22 | 山野豌豆 Vicia amoena | 1.46 | 2.83 | |||||
S23 | 披针叶黄华 Thermopsis lanceolata | 1.65 | 1.27 | 3.18 | 3.51 | |||
S24 | 柴胡 Bupleurum scorzonerifolium | 1.44 | 1.17 | |||||
S25 | 冷蒿 Artemisia frigida | 1.69 | ||||||
S26 | 独行菜 Lepidium apetalum | 3.86 | ||||||
S27 | 车前 Plantago asiatica | 3.15 | ||||||
S28 | 蒲公英 Taraxacum mongolicum | 2.81 | ||||||
S29 | 斜茎黄芪 Astragalus adsurgens | 4.23 |
表1 不同封育年限草地主要植物种群重要值的变化
Table 1 Changes of important values of major plant populations in grassland with different enclosure years
编号 NO. | 植物种 Species | 未封育 F0 | 封育4年 F4 | 封育5年 F5 | 封育6年 F6 | 封育8年 F8 | 封育10年 F10 | 封育13年 F13 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | 展枝唐松草 T. squarrosum | 2.13 | 3.29 | 2.82 | 4.64 | 7.52 | 4.60 | |
S2 | 早熟禾 P. sphondylodes | 1.71 | 3.53 | 8.23 | ||||
S3 | 羽茅 A. sibiricum | 1.61 | 6.68 | 1.02 | 2.96 | 1.15 | 4.50 | 2.05 |
S4 | 羊草 L. chinensis | 8.90 | 20.44 | 20.40 | 22.20 | 27.92 | 37.88 | 18.08 |
S5 | 细叶白头翁 P. turczaninovii | 3.05 | 11.35 | 4.08 | 3.29 | 2.44 | 8.62 | |
S6 | 双齿葱 Allium bidentatum | 1.37 | 1.24 | |||||
S7 | 沙参 A. stricta | 1.81 | 2.13 | 13.24 | 5.61 | 2.59 | 1.38 | |
S8 | 日阴菅 C. pediformis | 7.64 | 9.72 | 3.01 | 13.94 | 4.84 | 13.88 | |
S9 | 洽草 Koeleria cristata | 1.70 | 3.44 | |||||
S10 | 蓬子菜 Galium verum | 2.22 | 1.51 | 2.07 | 1.80 | 1.81 | 2.52 | |
S11 | 囊花鸢尾 Iris ventricosa | 1.91 | 2.04 | 1.08 | 2.07 | 4.99 | 3.46 | 1.38 |
S12 | 麻花头 S. komarovii | 1.65 | 4.79 | 5.02 | 5.62 | 3.93 | 5.07 | 3.54 |
S13 | 裂叶荆芥 Schizonepeta multifida | 1.94 | 2.03 | |||||
S14 | 裂叶蒿 A. laciniata | 2.83 | 9.37 | 7.12 | 8.96 | 11.72 | 6.43 | 13.89 |
S15 | 二裂委陵菜 Potentilla bifurca | 1.07 | 1.67 | 1.03 | 1.28 | 1.14 | 2.46 | |
S16 | 寸草苔 C. duriuscula | 36.28 | 8.86 | 10.78 | 1.94 | 4.56 | 3.61 | 5.95 |
S17 | 糙隐子草 A. sibiricum | 5.98 | 2.54 | 2.68 | ||||
S18 | 扁蓿豆 M. ruthenica | 1.63 | 2.68 | |||||
S19 | 贝加尔针茅 S. baicalensis | 6.09 | 6.04 | 3.69 | 5.41 | 3.03 | 4.37 | 5.71 |
S20 | 瓣蕊唐松草 Thalictrum petaloideum | 1.30 | 2.70 | 1.22 | ||||
S21 | 狭叶青蒿 Artemisia dracunculus | 1.65 | 1.63 | 2.53 | 1.36 | |||
S22 | 山野豌豆 Vicia amoena | 1.46 | 2.83 | |||||
S23 | 披针叶黄华 Thermopsis lanceolata | 1.65 | 1.27 | 3.18 | 3.51 | |||
S24 | 柴胡 Bupleurum scorzonerifolium | 1.44 | 1.17 | |||||
S25 | 冷蒿 Artemisia frigida | 1.69 | ||||||
S26 | 独行菜 Lepidium apetalum | 3.86 | ||||||
S27 | 车前 Plantago asiatica | 3.15 | ||||||
S28 | 蒲公英 Taraxacum mongolicum | 2.81 | ||||||
S29 | 斜茎黄芪 Astragalus adsurgens | 4.23 |
编号 NO. | 植物种 Species | 未封育 F0 | 封育4年 F4 | 封育5年 F5 | 封育6年 F6 | 封育8年 F8 | 封育10年 F10 | 封育13年 F13 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | 展枝唐松草T. squarrosum | 0.93 | 0.65 | 0.71 | 0.72 | 0.77 | 0.85 | |
S2 | 早熟禾P. sphondylodes | 0.64 | 0.55 | 0.33 | ||||
S3 | 羽茅A. sibiricum | 0.34 | 0.70 | 0.61 | 0.85 | 0.20 | 0.51 | 0.49 |
S4 | 羊草L. chinensis | 0.53 | 0.57 | 0.96 | 0.78 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.58 |
S5 | 细叶白头翁P. turczaninovii | 0.59 | 0.89 | 0.83 | 0.66 | 0.52 | 0.53 | |
S6 | 双齿葱A. bidentatum | 0.69 | 0.77 | |||||
S7 | 沙参A. stricta | 0.66 | 0.82 | 0.75 | 0.78 | 0.50 | 0.37 | |
S8 | 日阴菅C. pediformis | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.85 | 0.57 | 0.65 | |
S9 | 洽草K. cristata | 0.82 | 0.60 | |||||
S10 | 蓬子菜G. verum | 0.60 | 0.63 | 0.38 | 0.42 | 0.63 | 0.59 | |
S11 | 囊花鸢尾I. ventricosa | 0.32 | 0.67 | 0.68 | 0.88 | 0.92 | 0.63 | 0.57 |
S12 | 麻花头S. komarovii | 0.59 | 0.89 | 0.85 | 0.89 | 0.76 | 0.68 | 0.62 |
S13 | 裂叶荆芥S. multifida | 0.37 | 0.34 | |||||
S14 | 裂叶蒿A. laciniata | 0.50 | 0.78 | 0.77 | 0.82 | 0.68 | 0.85 | 0.74 |
S15 | 二裂委陵菜P. bifurca | 0.50 | 0.30 | 0.83 | 0.42 | 0.26 | 0.30 | |
S16 | 寸草苔C. duriuscula | 0.79 | 0.77 | 0.66 | 0.58 | 0.23 | 0.55 | 0.41 |
S17 | 糙隐子草A. sibiricum | 0.43 | 0.65 | 0.82 | ||||
S18 | 扁蓿豆M. ruthenica | 0.22 | 0.12 | |||||
S19 | 贝加尔针茅S. baicalensis | 0.51 | 0.70 | 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.53 | 0.89 | 0.54 |
S20 | 瓣蕊唐松草T. petaloideum | 0.33 | 0.37 | 0.45 | ||||
S21 | 狭叶青蒿A. dracunculus | 0.34 | 0.37 | 0.36 | 0.31 | |||
S22 | 山野豌豆V. amoena | 0.33 | 0.37 | |||||
S23 | 披针叶黄华T. lanceolata | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.67 | 0.47 | |||
S24 | 柴胡B. scorzonerifolium | 0.57 | 0.36 | |||||
S25 | 冷蒿A. frigida | 0.10 | ||||||
S26 | 独行菜L. apetalum | 0.61 | ||||||
S27 | 车前P. asiatica | 0.17 | ||||||
S28 | 蒲公英T. mongolicum | 0.91 | ||||||
S29 | 斜茎黄芪A. adsurgens | 0.62 |
表2 不同封育年限主要植物种群生态位宽度的比较
Table 2 Comparison of niche breadth of main plant populations in different enclosure years
编号 NO. | 植物种 Species | 未封育 F0 | 封育4年 F4 | 封育5年 F5 | 封育6年 F6 | 封育8年 F8 | 封育10年 F10 | 封育13年 F13 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | 展枝唐松草T. squarrosum | 0.93 | 0.65 | 0.71 | 0.72 | 0.77 | 0.85 | |
S2 | 早熟禾P. sphondylodes | 0.64 | 0.55 | 0.33 | ||||
S3 | 羽茅A. sibiricum | 0.34 | 0.70 | 0.61 | 0.85 | 0.20 | 0.51 | 0.49 |
S4 | 羊草L. chinensis | 0.53 | 0.57 | 0.96 | 0.78 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.58 |
S5 | 细叶白头翁P. turczaninovii | 0.59 | 0.89 | 0.83 | 0.66 | 0.52 | 0.53 | |
S6 | 双齿葱A. bidentatum | 0.69 | 0.77 | |||||
S7 | 沙参A. stricta | 0.66 | 0.82 | 0.75 | 0.78 | 0.50 | 0.37 | |
S8 | 日阴菅C. pediformis | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.85 | 0.57 | 0.65 | |
S9 | 洽草K. cristata | 0.82 | 0.60 | |||||
S10 | 蓬子菜G. verum | 0.60 | 0.63 | 0.38 | 0.42 | 0.63 | 0.59 | |
S11 | 囊花鸢尾I. ventricosa | 0.32 | 0.67 | 0.68 | 0.88 | 0.92 | 0.63 | 0.57 |
S12 | 麻花头S. komarovii | 0.59 | 0.89 | 0.85 | 0.89 | 0.76 | 0.68 | 0.62 |
S13 | 裂叶荆芥S. multifida | 0.37 | 0.34 | |||||
S14 | 裂叶蒿A. laciniata | 0.50 | 0.78 | 0.77 | 0.82 | 0.68 | 0.85 | 0.74 |
S15 | 二裂委陵菜P. bifurca | 0.50 | 0.30 | 0.83 | 0.42 | 0.26 | 0.30 | |
S16 | 寸草苔C. duriuscula | 0.79 | 0.77 | 0.66 | 0.58 | 0.23 | 0.55 | 0.41 |
S17 | 糙隐子草A. sibiricum | 0.43 | 0.65 | 0.82 | ||||
S18 | 扁蓿豆M. ruthenica | 0.22 | 0.12 | |||||
S19 | 贝加尔针茅S. baicalensis | 0.51 | 0.70 | 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.53 | 0.89 | 0.54 |
S20 | 瓣蕊唐松草T. petaloideum | 0.33 | 0.37 | 0.45 | ||||
S21 | 狭叶青蒿A. dracunculus | 0.34 | 0.37 | 0.36 | 0.31 | |||
S22 | 山野豌豆V. amoena | 0.33 | 0.37 | |||||
S23 | 披针叶黄华T. lanceolata | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.67 | 0.47 | |||
S24 | 柴胡B. scorzonerifolium | 0.57 | 0.36 | |||||
S25 | 冷蒿A. frigida | 0.10 | ||||||
S26 | 独行菜L. apetalum | 0.61 | ||||||
S27 | 车前P. asiatica | 0.17 | ||||||
S28 | 蒲公英T. mongolicum | 0.91 | ||||||
S29 | 斜茎黄芪A. adsurgens | 0.62 |
图3 不同封育年限下群落物种多样性与丰富度的变化不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。Significant differences in lowercase letters (P<0.05).
Fig.3 Changes of community species diversity and richness under different enclosure years
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