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草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 80-89.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020350

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄河源区发草适生地植物群落特征及其土壤因子解释

罗巧玉1,2(), 王彦龙1, 杜雷2, 刘念2, 李丽2, 马玉寿1()   

  1. 1.青海大学农牧学院,青海 西宁 810008
    2.青海省青藏高原药用动植物资源重点实验室,青海师范大学生命科学学院,青海 西宁 810008
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-20 修回日期:2020-10-10 出版日期:2021-04-20 发布日期:2021-03-16
  • 通讯作者: 马玉寿
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: mayushou@sina.com
    罗巧玉(1987-),女,甘肃永靖人,讲师,在读博士。E-mail: luoqy66@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0501900);青海省重大科技专项(2019-SF-A12);校级中青年科研基金项目(2018zr012)

Plant community diversity and soil factor interpretation of adaptive region of Deschampsia caespitosa in the source region of the Yellow River

Qiao-yu LUO1,2(), Yan-long WANG1, Lei DU2, Nian LIU2, Li LI2, Yu-shou MA1()   

  1. 1.College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810008,China
    2.Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,School of Life Sciences,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,China
  • Received:2020-05-20 Revised:2020-10-10 Online:2021-04-20 Published:2021-03-16
  • Contact: Yu-shou MA

摘要:

本研究以黄河源区发草作为研究对象,通过生境地植物群落物种结构组成、多样性分布、土壤理化特性等调查,采用相关分析和RDA排序法分析了黄河源区玛沁县5个发草适生地植物群落多样性特征和土壤影响因子及其关系,以期揭示影响发草种群在复杂多样高寒沼泽异质生境中适应性的关键环境因子。结果表明:1)不同发草适生地植物群落结构、组成和多样性指标明显不同,菊科、禾本科、莎草科、毛茛科、龙胆科和玄参科物种为发草适生地常见物种;2)不同发草适生地之间在土壤氮(N)、磷(P)、碳(C)、有机质(SOM)、土壤水分含量(W)和pH上也具有显著差异;3)发草适生地植物群落中发草的盖度、株高、生物量和重要值与群落物种丰富度、Simpson优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、P和W呈显著负相关,与Alatalo均匀度指数、pH值呈显著正相关。研究结果表明发草更加适应低P、湿润偏中生的土壤环境,而随着群落中物种丰富度的增加发草在群落中的重要值显著下降则说明发草具有部分的先锋种特性,显示了利用发草修复和治理退化草地的可能潜力。

关键词: 植物群落, 发草, 物种多样性, 土壤特性

Abstract:

Theoretically speaking, the ecological characteristics of plant communities are the result of long-term adaptation and co-evolution of plants, climate, soil, terrain and other ecological environment complexes. This research studied plant community diversity characteristics and environmental factors influencing plant community composition in the adaptive region of Deschampsia caespitosa in the source region of the Yellow River. Five plant community types commonly found in Maqin county were studied: I, D. caespitosa (Poaceae) dominant; Ⅱ, Blysmus sinocompressus (Cyperaceae) dominant; Ⅲ, B. sinocompressus and D. caespitosa mixed community; Ⅳ, Kobresia schoenoides (Cyperaceae) dominant; V, K. schoenoides and D. Caespitosa mixed community. Plant species present were surveyed in mid-August 2018, and soil samples collected at the same time to establish key parameters of the plant environment. Correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) were used to analyze the association between plant species and environment factors and various ecological diversity indexes were calculated. Across the study sites 83 species were recorded belonging to 17 families and 49 genera. Notably, the widely distributed species were members of the Asteraceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Ranunculaceae, Gentianaceae and Scrophulariaceae families. The community species diversity indexes varied greatly between the communities. For community I, the species richness and Shannon-Weiner indexes were lower, and the Alatalo and Pielou Jsw evenness indexes, together with the % cover, height, biomass and importance value of D. caespitosa were significantly higher than in the other communities. There were also significant differences in soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), carbon (C), organic matter (SOM), soil water content (W) and pH between the different plant communities across the 5 study sites in the adaptive region of D. caespitosa. The multivariate analysis of community species diversity indexes, population characteristics and environmental factors showed that the % cover, height, biomass and importance value of D. caespitosa were negatively associated with species richness, Simpson dominance index, Shannon-Wiener index, soil P, soil moisture water, and positively associated with the Alatalo evenness index and soil pH. RDA analysis showed that pH was the main environmental factors affecting community species diversity. D. caespitosa was more suited to a moist to mesophytic soil environment with low P, while the importance value of D. caespitosa decreased significantly with increasing species richness in the community, indicating that D. caespitosa has some characteristics of a pioneer species characteristics and a potential use in restoration and management of degraded grassland.

Key words: plant communities, Deschampsia caespitosa, species diversity, soil properties