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草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 131-143.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021498

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

草地早熟禾叶片表皮特征、解剖结构及光合特性对不同施氮量的响应

钱文武1(), 郭鹏1, 朱慧森1(), 张士敏1, 李德颖2   

  1. 1.山西农业大学草业学院,山西 晋中 030801
    2.北达科他州立大学植物科学系,美国 法戈 58108
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-28 修回日期:2022-03-28 出版日期:2023-01-20 发布日期:2022-11-07
  • 通讯作者: 朱慧森
  • 作者简介:E-mail: zhuhuisen@126.com
    钱文武(1995-),男,江苏扬州人,在读硕士。E-mail: 519930863@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    山西省重点研发计划项目(201903D221081)

Responses of leaf epidermis, anatomical structure and photosynthetic characteristics of Poa pratensis to different nitrogen application level

Wen-wu QIAN1(), Peng GUO1, Hui-sen ZHU1(), Shi-min ZHANG1, De-ying LI2   

  1. 1.College of Grassland Science,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801,China
    2.Department of Plant Sciences,North Dakota State University,Fargo 58108,USA
  • Received:2021-12-28 Revised:2022-03-28 Online:2023-01-20 Published:2022-11-07
  • Contact: Hui-sen ZHU

摘要:

为探究草地早熟禾叶片表皮特征、解剖结构及光合特性对施氮量的响应特性,本试验以6份草地早熟禾为材料,分别为3份美国引进品种:Merit、Jackrabbit和Park,2份山西本土野生居群:应县和浑源,1份由山西野生居群选育的‘太行草地早熟禾’品系,按照两个施氮水平N1:10 g·m-2(低氮)和N2:40 g·m-2(正常)进行处理,采用徒手切片法和石蜡切片法制片,光学显微镜下拍照并测定叶片上下表皮厚度、细胞长宽比、细胞密度、气孔指数、气孔长宽比、气孔密度,叶片厚度、厚壁组织厚度、维管束面积以及气孔导度和净光合速率等指标。结果表明:N1处理下,草地早熟禾叶片的上下表皮厚度、叶片厚度、厚壁组织厚度、维管束面积、气孔导度和净光合速率显著低于N2处理,而气孔大小与N2处理无显著差异;N2处理下,Jackrabbit和Park的叶片厚度显著高于浑源和应县,其中Park的叶片厚度最大,为173.39 μm,Jackrabbit的叶片维管束面积显著高于浑源和Park,Merit的净光合速率最大,为17.23 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1,较最小的Park高出45.16%。相关性分析表明:净光合速率与上下表皮厚度、厚壁组织厚度、维管束面积和气孔导度显著正相关;低氮处理促使草地早熟禾叶片变薄,维管束面积减小,叶片气孔导度和净光合速率降低。‘太行草地早熟禾’叶片气孔导度和净光合速率在低氮处理下均高于其他各材料,对低氮有较低的敏感性。

关键词: 施氮量, 草地早熟禾, 表皮特征, 解剖结构, 光合特性

Abstract:

This study explored the response of leaf epidermal characteristics, anatomical structure and photosynthetic characteristics of Poa pratensis to nitrogen application level. Six P. pratensis varieties were used, including three introduced varieties from the United States: Merit, Jackrabbit and Park, two native wild populations from Shanxi: Yingxian and Hunyuan, and one P. pratensis strain, ‘Taihang’, bred from wild populations from Shanxi. The treatments comprised two nitrogen levels: N1, 10 g·m-2 (low nitrogen) and N2, 40 g·m-2 (normal nitrogen). Freehand slicing and paraffin sectioning were used to prepare slides. The leaf upper and lower epidermal thickness, cell length∶width, cell density, stomatal index, stomatal length∶width, stomatal density, leaf thickness, sclerenchyma thickness, vascular bundle area, stomatal conductance, and net photosynthetic rate were measured using an optical microscope. It was found that the upper and lower epidermal thickness, leaf thickness, sclerenchyma thickness, vascular bundle area, stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate of P. pratensis leaves under the N1 treatment were significantly lower than those under the N2 treatment, while the stomatal size in N1 was not significantly different from that under the N2 treatment. Under the N2 treatment, the leaf thicknesses of Jackrabbit and Park were significantly higher than those of Hunyuan and Yingxian. The leaf thickness of Park was the largest, reaching 173.39 μm. The leaf vascular bundle area of Jackrabbit was significantly higher than that of Hunyuan and Park. The net photosynthetic rate of Merit was the highest, reaching 17.23 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1. This value was 45.16% higher than that of the lowest, Park. Correlation analysis showed that net photosynthetic rate was positively correlated with upper and lower epidermal thickness, sclerenchyma thickness, vascular bundle area and stomatal conductance. The N1 (low) nitrogen treatment resulted in thinning of P. pratensis leaves, decreased vascular bundle area, and decreased stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate. Leaf stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rates of P. pratensis var. ‘Taihang’ were higher than those of other varieties under the N1 treatment, and ‘Taihang’ had lower sensitivity to low nitrogen.

Key words: nitrogen application rate, Poa pratensis, epidermis characteristic, anatomical structure, photosynthetic characteristics