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草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (11): 130-139.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023030

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

70~100 kg牦牛犊牛钠、钾、镁元素分布规律及生长需要量

段嘉钰1(), 张博1(), 操君1, 刘书杰1, 崔占鸿2()   

  1. 1.青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,农业农村部青藏高原放牧牦牛藏羊动物营养与饲草料重点实验室,青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,青海 西宁 810016
    2.海北藏族自治州高原生态畜牧业科技示范园管委会,青海 海北 810299
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-01 修回日期:2023-03-15 出版日期:2023-11-20 发布日期:2023-09-27
  • 通讯作者: 崔占鸿
  • 作者简介:E-mail: cuizhanhong27@126.com
    段嘉钰(1997-),女,内蒙古乌兰察布人,在读硕士。E-mail: 780891987@qq.com
    张博(1994-),男,山东菏泽人,硕士。E-mail: 363097962@qq.com第一联系人:共同第一作者These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32260853);青海省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2023ZY017)

Distribution of sodium, potassium, and magnesium in 70-100 kg yak calves and the growth requirements for these nutrients

Jia-yu DUAN1(), Bo ZHANG1(), Jun CAO1, Shu-jie LIU1, Zhan-hong CUI2()   

  1. 1.Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Forage-Feed of Grazing Yak and Tibetan Sheep in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province,Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province,Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences in Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China
    2.Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Plateau Ecological Animal Husbandry Science and Technology Demonstration Park Management Committee,Haibei 810299,China
  • Received:2023-02-01 Revised:2023-03-15 Online:2023-11-20 Published:2023-09-27
  • Contact: Zhan-hong CUI

摘要:

为探究70~100 kg牦牛犊牛矿物质元素钠、钾、镁的分布规律及其生长需要量。在2020年11月至2021年1月开展试验,历时75 d,预试期15 d,正试期60 d。选取21头体况良好、体重[(60.44±4.59) kg]相近的牦牛犊牛(公),随机分为3组,即初期屠宰组(BL组)、中期屠宰组(M组)和末期屠宰组(F组),3组试验犊牛均饲喂同种饲料自由采食,分别在平均体重73.61、81.96和96.53 kg时屠宰,采集各组织样品称重并记录数据,测定组织中常量矿物质元素钠、钾、镁的含量,并分析犊牛机体矿物质分布规律,建立数学模型对生长需要量进行预测。结果表明:1)随着牦牛犊牛体重不断增加,肉重、内脏(含血液)重、皮重、毛重均显著增加(P<0.05),F组的骨重和脂肪重显著高于其他两组(P<0.05),骨骼生长速度减慢,而肌肉生长速度呈增加的趋势;2)钾在肌肉中分布量最大,在脂肪中的含量较少;钠、镁在骨骼中所占比重较大,其中镁少量分布于脂肪和毛中;3)牦牛犊牛生长后期的钠、钾、镁净生长需要量(NRG)预测公式分别为:NRG=1.0125×EBW-0.0807NRG=0.8810×EBW0.2650NRG=0.04567×EBW0.5209。由此可见,以空腹体重(EBW)表示,70~100 kg牦牛犊牛机体中钠、钾、镁的NRG分别为0.73~0.74 g·kg-1 EBW、2.49~2.65 g·kg-1 EBW、0.35~0.40 g·kg-1 EBW。

关键词: 牦牛犊牛, 钠, 钾, 镁, 分布规律, 生长需要量

Abstract:

The aim of this work was to explore the distribution of sodium, potassium, and magnesium in 70-100 kg yak calves, and to determine the growth requirements for these minerals in these calves. A 75-day experiment consisting of a 15-day pre-feeding period and a 60-day positive-feeding period was conducted from November 2020 to January 2021. Twenty-one yak calves (male) with good body condition and similar body weight [average, (60.44±4.59) kg] were selected and randomly divided into three groups; The initial slaughter group (BL group), the middle slaughter group (M group), and the final slaughter group (F group). The three groups of calves were fed the same kind of feed, ad libitum, during the pre-feeding period of 15 days and the 60-day positive feeding period. The calves in the BL, M, and F groups were slaughtered at the end of the pre-feeding period, mid-way through the positive-feeding period, and at the end of the positive-feeding period, respectively. At slaughter, the average weight of calves in the BL, M, and F groups was 73.61, 81.96, and 96.53 kg, respectively. After slaughtering the calves, tissue samples were collected and weighed. The contents of sodium, potassium, and magnesium in the tissues were determined, and the distribution patterns of these minerals in the calf body were analyzed. A mathematical model was established to predict the growth requirements for these minerals in yak calves. It was found that: 1) The meat weight, viscera (including blood) weight, tare weight, and gross weight all increased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing body weight of yak calves. The bone weight and fat weight were significantly higher in the F group than in the other two groups (P<0.05). During the experiment, the bone growth rate decreased, while the muscle growth rate showed an increasing trend. 2) More potassium was distributed in muscle than in fat; And more sodium and magnesium were distributed in bones than in other tissues. A small amount of magnesium was distributed in fat and hair. 3) The sodium and potassium contents were higher in the F group than in the other two groups. On an empty (fasting) body weight (EBW) basis, the formulae approximating the nutrient requirements for gain (NRG) for sodium, potassium and magnesium were, respectively NRG=1.0125×EBW-0.0807NRG=0.8810×EBW0.2650, and NRG=0.04567×EBW0.5209. These results show that, for 70-100 kg yak calves, the NRGs for sodium, potassium, and magnesium are 0.73-0.74 g·kg-1 EBW, 2.49-2.65 g·kg-1 EBW, and 0.35-0.40 g·kg-1 EBW, respectively.

Key words: yak calves, sodium, potassium, magnesium, distribution law, growth requirements