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草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 115-128.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022451

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

红豆草与无芒雀麦混播草地生产力提升的水分调控模式研究

康燕霞(), 姜渊博, 齐广平(), 银敏华, 马彦麟, 汪精海, 贾琼, 唐仲霞, 汪爱霞   

  1. 甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-14 修回日期:2023-01-04 出版日期:2023-08-20 发布日期:2023-06-16
  • 通讯作者: 齐广平
  • 作者简介:E-mail: qigp@gsau.edu.cn
    康燕霞(1981-),女,甘肃临洮人,副教授,博士。E-mail: yanxiakang@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(51969003);甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划(2021CYZC-20);甘肃省高校创新基金(2020B-131);甘肃省高等学校青年博士基金(2022QB-088);甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院科研团队建设专项(Gaucwky-01);甘肃农业大学科技创新基金(GSAU-STS-2021-18)

Effects of Onobrychis viciifolia and Bromus inermis grass mixture sowing and deficit irrigation on grassland water use and production performance

Yan-xia KANG(), Yuan-bo JIANG, Guang-ping QI(), Min-hua YIN, Yan-lin MA, Jing-hai WANG, Qiong JIA, Zhong-xia TANG, Ai-xia WANG   

  1. College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
  • Received:2022-11-14 Revised:2023-01-04 Online:2023-08-20 Published:2023-06-16
  • Contact: Guang-ping QI

摘要:

提升人工草地生产力对缓解天然草原压力、维持牧草供需平衡及推动畜牧业健康发展具有重要作用。本研究对比分析了3种种植模式[无芒雀麦单播(B)、红豆草单播(O)和红豆草与无芒雀麦混播(M)]和4种水分调控[充分灌水(W0):75%~85% θFC、轻度亏水(W1):65%~75% θFC、中度亏水(W2):55%~65% θFC和重度亏水(W3):45%~55% θFCθFC为田间持水量]对草地蒸散耗水、产量品质和水分利用的影响,并采用熵权灰色关联耦合与熵权-TOPSIS模型对各处理进行综合评价。结果表明:1)草地蒸散量表现为第1茬>第2茬>第3茬,且随亏水程度加剧而降低。M的平均总蒸散量较O减小2.20%,较B增加6.21%。2)随亏水程度加剧,牧草产量逐渐下降,其中W1与W0无显著差异。M较O和B的总产量分别平均提升16.88%和103.32%。4种水分调控下M的土地当量比为1.38~1.65,且M中红豆草的产量占比随亏水程度加剧呈下降趋势。3)轻度亏水可提升牧草品质和水分利用效率。M的平均粗蛋白含量较B增加21.95%,平均酸性和中性洗涤纤维含量较O分别减小1.40%和3.64%,平均水分利用效率、灌溉水利用效率和粗蛋白水分利用效率分别较B和O增加91.17%和19.07%、83.17%和24.47%、137.31%和11.39%。模型评价得出,红豆草与无芒雀麦混播结合轻度亏水(65%~75% θFC)的综合生产效果最优,是甘肃河西走廊及类似生态区人工草地适宜的种植管理模式。

关键词: 混播草地, 水分调控, 产量品质, 水分利用, 综合评价

Abstract:

Improving the productivity of artificially sown grasslands would relieve the pressure on natural grasslands, maintain the balance between regional forage supply and demand, and promote the healthy development of the local livestock industry. In this research, three artificial pasture sowing strategies were investigated: Bromus inermis (B), Onobrychis viciifolia (O), and sainfoin mixed with B. inermis (M), combined with four deficit irrigation treatments defined in terms of field capacity (θFC): Adequate irrigation (W0, 75%-85% θFC), mild water deficit (W1, 65%-75% θFC), moderate water deficit (W2, 55%-65% θFC), and severe water deficit (W3, 45%-55% θFC), were applied to investigate the influence on evapotranspiration, yield and quality, and water use efficiency in grassland. The entropy-weighted TOPSIS and entropy-weighted gray correlation methods were applied separately to provide a multivariate evaluation of the treatment effects. It was found that: 1) The evapotranspiration of the pastures ranked first cut>second cut>third cut, and decreased with increasing water deficit. The total evapotranspiration of M was 2.20% less than O and 6.21% greater than B; 2) Forage yield progressively decreased with increasing water deficit level, with no significant difference between W1 and W0. The total yield of M was 16.88% and 103.32% greater than O and B, respectively. The land equivalent ratio of M under the four irrigation treatments ranged from 1.38 to 1.65, and the yield proportion of sainfoin in M tended to decrease with increasing water deficit; 3) The mild water deficit improved forage quality and water use efficiency (WUE). The average crude protein content of M was 21.95% higher than B, and the average acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents were, respectively, 1.40% and 3.64% lower than O. Compared with B and O, the average WUE, irrigation WUE, and crude protein water use efficiency increased by 91.17% and 19.07%, 83.17% and 24.47%, and 137.31% and 11.39%, respectively. In conclusion, from the multivariate evaluations, we concluded that M with W1 had the best overall production effect and can be recommended as a suitable planting management pattern for artificial grassland in the Gansu Hexi Corridor and similar ecological zones.

Key words: mixture sowing, deficit irrigation, yield and quality, water use, multivariate evaluation