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草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (11): 61-74.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022004

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

小偃麦衍生系表型遗传多样性分析及综合评价

常利芳(), 李欣, 郭慧娟, 乔麟轶, 张树伟, 陈芳, 畅志坚(), 张晓军()   

  1. 山西农业大学农学院,山西 太原 030031
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-06 修回日期:2022-04-11 出版日期:2022-11-20 发布日期:2022-10-01
  • 通讯作者: 畅志坚,张晓军
  • 作者简介:E-mail: zxjemail@163.com
    E-mail: wrczj@126.com
    常利芳(1978-),女,河北邯郸人,助理研究员,博士。E-mail: changlifang@sxau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    山西省来晋工作奖励资金科研项目(SXBYKY2021001);山西省农业科学院农业科技创新研究课题(YBSJJ2009);山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所博士基金(ZB1902)

Genetic diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of octoploid Tritipyrum-derived wheat breeding lines based on agronomic traits

Li-fang CHANG(), Xin LI, Hui-juan GUO, Lin-yi QIAO, Shu-wei ZHANG, Fang CHEN, Zhi-jian CHANG(), Xiao-jun ZHANG()   

  1. College of Agronomy,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,China
  • Received:2022-01-06 Revised:2022-04-11 Online:2022-11-20 Published:2022-10-01
  • Contact: Zhi-jian CHANG,Xiao-jun ZHANG

摘要:

偃麦草作为小麦的三级基因库,是公认的遗传变异来源,八倍体小偃麦及其衍生的种质材料在提高小麦的遗传多样性及其抗病、品质等性状的改良上发挥了重要作用。对源于中间偃麦草和长穗偃麦草的163份小偃麦衍生系的13个农艺性状进行了多样性分析、相关分析、聚类分析、主成分分析及综合评价,结果表明:供试的小偃麦衍生系中,5个描述性质量性状的多样性指数为0.26~1.00,株型的多样性指数最高;8个产量相关性状的变异系数为4.44%~20.11%,单株产量变异最大(20.11%),其次是有效分蘖数(17.37%)和千粒重(17.13%),抽穗期最小(4.44%);多样性指数为1.97~2.09,千粒重的变异类型最为丰富(H'=2.09),其次是每穗小穗数(H'=2.07),抽穗期的多样性最低(H'=1.97);相关分析表明,不同产量性状之间相互关联;基于8 个产量性状欧氏距离的系统聚类分析表明,163 份衍生系被划分为6 个类群,各群之间差异明显,其中第I、Ⅲ类群为产量性状优异种质;主成分分析表明,前4个主成分代表了163份衍生系81.12%的遗传信息量,分别以千粒重、每穗小穗数、穗长和株高载荷较大,对产量提高有正向效应;根据综合评价D值筛选出排名前5的优异大粒种质为CH16353、CH1742、CH16370、CH16385和CH16382。上述结果说明小偃麦衍生系存在丰富的遗传多样性,可为小偃麦种质用于小麦遗传育种提供重要的参考依据。

关键词: 偃麦草, 小偃麦种质, 小麦产量性状, 遗传多样性, 综合评价

Abstract:

Being potential tertiary gene pools, perennial wheatgrasses (Thinopyrum spp.) are recognized sources of genetic variation for wheat (Triticum aestivum) improvement, and wheat-Thinopyrum amphiploids and their derived germplasm have played an important role in increasing the amount of genetic diversity and improving resilience to biotic stress in wheat. In this research, a total of 163 octoploid Tritipyrum-derived breeding lines were evaluated for phenotypic genetic diversity of 13 agronomic traits through diversity analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, principal component analysis and comprehensive multivariate evaluation. It was found that the diversity indexes of five descriptive quality traits ranged from 0.26 to 1.00, with the plant type having the highest diversity. The variation coefficients of 8 yield-related traits ranged from 4.44% to 20.11%, with yield per plant having the highest variation coefficient (20.11%), followed by effective tiller number (17.37%) and the thousand kernel weight (17.13%), and with the heading period having the minimum value (4.44%). The diversity index of measured traits ranged from 1.97 to 2.09, with thousand kernel weight being highest (H'=2.09), followed by spikelets per spike (H'=2.07), and the heading date lowest (H'=1.97). Correlation analysis indicated that the 8 yield-related traits were significantly correlated with each other at the 0.05 or 0.01 probability levels. Systematic cluster analysis based on Euclidean distance of the eight measured yield-related traits demonstrated that the 163 lines were divided into six groups with significant difference among them. Each group had its unique characteristics, and groups I and Ⅲ had favorable yield-related traits therefore represented superior germplasm for yield traits. On principal component analysis, the first four principal components represented 81.12% of the genetic information of the 163 surveyed derived lines, among which thousand kernel weight, spikelet number per spike, spike length, and plant height contributed the most and had a positive contribution to yield improvement. In comprehensive multivariate evaluation of phenotypic traits, based on the D value, the five highest scoring germplasm lines (CH16353, CH1742, CH16370, CH16385 and CH16382) with high thousand kernel weight were screened out for wheat breeding. This study showed that the octoploid Tritipyrum-derived breeding lines are rich in genetic diversity for yield-related traits, and could provide valuable reference for wheatgrass-derived germplasm used in wheat breeding programs.

Key words: wheatgrasses, Tritipyrum germplasm, wheat yield-related trait, genetic diversity, comprehensive evaluation