不同施氮方式对宽窄行交替休闲种植玉米产量和光合特性的影响

草业学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (1): 34-42.

不同施氮方式对宽窄行交替休闲种植玉米产量和光合特性的影响

刘朝巍^1,2,张恩和¹,谢瑞芝²,刘武仁³,李少昆^2*

1.甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州 730070;
2.中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室,北京100081;
3.吉林省农业科学院,吉林长春 130124

出版日期:2012-02-20 发布日期:2012-02-20
通讯作者: E-mail:lishk@mail.caas.net.cn
作者简介:刘朝巍(1983-),男,吉林白山人,博士。
基金资助:
国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD89B17;2006BAD15B03)资助。

Effect of different nitrogen supply methods on yield and photosynthesis of maize under the alternative fallow high stubble about narrow row and wide row

LIU Chao-wei^1,2, ZHANG En-he¹, XIE Rui-zhi², LIU Wu-ren³, LI Shao-kun²

1.College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2.Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Production Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China;
3..Jinlin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130124, China

Online:2012-02-20 Published:2012-02-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过田间试验,研究了玉米宽窄行交替休闲种植模式在5种施氮方式(无肥WN₁、一次性施肥WN₂、底肥+拔节期追肥WN₃、底肥+拔节期追肥+穗肥WN₄、缓释肥WN₅)下(以常规均匀垄处理CK₁、CK₂、CK₃、CK₄、CK₅为对照),对玉米产量、冠层透光率、光合速率、叶面积指数等指标的影响。结果表明: 宽窄行处理增加后期施肥比例(WN₄、WN₅)有利于产量的提高,WN₄(11 709.33 kg/hm²)最高,显著高于除CK₃、CK₂以外的其他处理,高7.05%~30.29%。在开花期和灌浆期,WN₄和CK₅光合速率较高,为29.65~34.16 μmol/(m²·s),大体上,宽窄行增加后期施肥比例可以增加气孔导度和蒸腾速率,降低胞间CO₂浓度。宽窄行各施肥处理底部透光率比均匀垄处理高3.60%~10.64%,WN₄透光率低于同种耕作方式其他处理,宽窄行处理叶面积指数除WN₄和WN₅外均低于对应的常规均匀垄处理。在玉米宽窄行交替休闲种植模式下增加后期施肥(WN₄)有利于改善光合作用,延长叶面积持续期,减少漏光损失从而提高玉米籽粒产量。

Abstract: A field experiment was designed to investigate the effects of five N supply methods (no fertilizer, one fertilizer application, basic+jointing fertilizer, basic+jointing+earing fertilizer, slow release fertilizer) on grain yield, photosynthesis, leaf area index (LAI) and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) of maize (Zea mays) under the alternative fallow high stubble about narrow rows and wide rows. In terms of tillage and fertilizer interaction, the yield of basic+jointing+earing fertilizer of narrow row and wide row treatment (11 709.3 kg/ha) was higher than that of other treatments by 7.05%-30.29% except for one fertilizer and basic+jointing fertilizer of conventional treatment. At flowering to filling stage, the best treatments were basic+jointing+earing fertilize and slow release fertilizer of narrow row and wide row treatment (29.65-34.16 μmol/m²·s). Generally, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate of several fertilizer applications were higher than a single fertilizer application in a narrow row and wide row treatment, but intercellular CO₂ concentration was the opposite. The mean transmittance of narrow row and wide row treatment was higher than that of conventional treatment by 3.60%-10.64% and the basic+jointing+earing fertilizer was the lowest in narrow row and wide row treatments. The LAI of narrow row and wide row treatment was lower than conventional treatment except for the basic+jointing+earing fertilize and slow release fertilizer. The results of this study suggest that basic+jointing+earing fertilizer of the narrow row and wide row may be the best management strategy because of its relatively higher grain yield, and improved photosynthesis and transmittance.

中图分类号:

刘朝巍,张恩和,谢瑞芝,刘武仁,李少昆. 不同施氮方式对宽窄行交替休闲种植玉米产量和光合特性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2012, 21(1): 34-42.

LIU Chao-wei, ZHANG En-he, XIE Rui-zhi, LIU Wu-ren, LI Shao-kun. Effect of different nitrogen supply methods on yield and photosynthesis of maize under the alternative fallow high stubble about narrow row and wide row[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(1): 34-42.

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