新疆半干旱区不同豆科/禾本科牧草混播草地生产力的变化研究

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019314

草业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 29-40.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2019314

新疆半干旱区不同豆科/禾本科牧草混播草地生产力的变化研究

谢开云¹, 曹凯¹, 万江春¹, 王玉祥¹, 赵云², 朱进忠^1,*

1.西部干旱荒漠区草地资源与生态教育部重点实验室,新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052;
2.中国牧工商集团有限公司,北京100070

收稿日期:2019-07-08 修回日期:2019-10-12 出版日期:2020-04-20 发布日期:2020-04-20
通讯作者: E-mail: xjauzjz@126.com
作者简介:谢开云(1984-),男,甘肃武威人,副教授,博士。E-mail: xkycah@163.com
基金资助:
新疆农业大学博士后流动站,中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2017M613258)和国家自然基金(31660604)项目资助

Change in productivity of swards of different forage legume and grass species monocultures and combinations in the semi-arid region of Xinjiang Province

XIE Kai-yun¹, CAO Kai¹, WAN Jiang-chun¹, WANG Yu-xiang¹, ZHAO Yun², ZHU Jin-zhong^1,*

1.Key Laboratory for Western Arid Region Grassland Resources and Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
2.China Animal Husbandry Group, Beijing 100070, China

Received:2019-07-08 Revised:2019-10-12 Online:2020-04-20 Published:2020-04-20
Contact: E-mail: xjauzjz@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 混播草地竞争和促进关系是影响生产力和稳定性的重要因素,最终都通过牧草干物质产量以及草地物种的组成变化等指标表现出来。研究选择当地生产最常用的4种牧草无芒雀麦、鸭茅、红豆草、红三叶,以单播为对照,通过对2种豆/禾和3种牧草组合的混播草地牧草产量及物种组成变化进行长期监测,分析混播草地生产力的变化以及影响其稳定性的因素。结果表明:不论是单播还是混播,刈割干物质产量在年际间均表现为2017年高于2018年。放牧干物质产量在年际间均表现为2018年显著高于2017和2016年,鸭茅/红三叶混播草地除外。对2种牧草混播草地各物种干物质产量、密度及粗蛋白贡献的比例分析,从2016年到2018年,无芒雀麦干物质产量和密度所占比例均显著增加,鸭茅和红三叶干物质产量和密度所占比例均显著下降。红豆草与无芒雀麦混播时逐步降低,而与鸭茅混播时显著增加。3种牧草混播草地中,无芒雀麦和红豆草干物质产量和密度所占的比例显著增加,红三叶和鸭茅干物质产量和密度所占比例显著降低。综上所述,干旱区混播草地年际间干物质产量的消长变化主要取决于年均降水量和牧草的适应性。从混播草地干物质产量和密度的变化来看,随着年限增加,无芒雀麦和红豆草在混播草地中逐渐占据优势,鸭茅和红三叶在混播草地中逐渐处于劣势,且有消退的趋势。

关键词: 混播草地, 生产力, 蛋白质产量, 豆科牧草, 禾本科牧草

Abstract: The inter-species competitive and mutualistic relationships in mixed-species grassland are important to grassland productivity and stability. Ultimately, the cumulative effect of such factors is expressed by indicators such as yield and change in botanical composition in mixed-species grassland. In this study, monocultures of four most commonly sown forage species, smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis), orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) and red clover (Trifolium pratense), were established as controls, and the forage yields and changes in species composition of two-species combinations (one legume and one grass) and three-species combinations were monitored for three years, and changes in productivity and factors affecting sward stability were analysed. For both monoculture and mixed-species swards, the biomass as hay was higher in 2017 than in 2018. The grazing biomass yields of mixed-species grassland were also significantly higher in 2018 than in 2017 and 2016, except for mixed-species swards of orchard grass and red clover. From 2016 to 2018, the proportion of biomass and density of smooth bromegrass increased significantly, and the proportion of biomass and density of orchard grass and red clover decreased significantly. The proportion of biomass and density of sainfoin gradually increased when sown with smooth bromegrass, but it gradually decreased when sown with orchard grass. In mixed-species swards of three forages, the proportions of biomass and density of smooth bromegrass and sainfoin increased significantly, while those of red clover and orchard grass decreased significantly. In summary, the variation of biomass over three years in mixed-species grassland in the arid conditions of this experiment was found to depend mainly on the annual average rainfall and the adaptability of the species present. From the changes in biomass and density observed in mixed-species swards, over time, smooth bromegrass and sainfoin gradually dominated while orchard grass and red clover were gradually lost and may disappear entirely in the longer term when included in mixed-species sowings in this region.

Key words: mixed-culture grassland, productivity, protein yield, legume, grass

谢开云, 曹凯, 万江春, 王玉祥, 赵云, 朱进忠. 新疆半干旱区不同豆科/禾本科牧草混播草地生产力的变化研究[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(4): 29-40.

XIE Kai-yun, CAO Kai, WAN Jiang-chun, WANG Yu-xiang, ZHAO Yun, ZHU Jin-zhong. Change in productivity of swards of different forage legume and grass species monocultures and combinations in the semi-arid region of Xinjiang Province[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(4): 29-40.

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新疆半干旱区不同豆科/禾本科牧草混播草地生产力的变化研究

Change in productivity of swards of different forage legume and grass species monocultures and combinations in the semi-arid region of Xinjiang Province

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