春箭筈豌豆新品种“兰箭3号”选育与特性评价

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020344

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对青藏高原草地畜牧业生产缺少优良豆科牧草的现状，从国际干旱地区农业研究中心（ICARDA）引进了育种材料，开展了春箭筈豌豆新品种选育。采用单株选择与混合选择相结合的方法，历时12年，育成“兰箭3号”春箭筈豌豆新品种。新品种显著的特性是早熟和种子产量高。在海拔3000 m的甘肃省甘南藏族自治州夏河县，连续多年的测定表明，平均生育期为100 d，生育期范围为92~106 d，平均种子产量为2023 kg·hm^-2。比对照品种333/A生育期短13 d，种子产量高174.9%。新品种牧草产量也较高，平均2769 kg·hm^-2，与对照品种相近。在陇东黄土高原夏播，作为短期轮作作物，牧草产量达3214 kg·hm^-2，比对照品种高14.3%。新品种可作为青藏高原地区的优良豆科牧草品种，也可用作传统农耕区的短期轮作或绿肥作物品种。

关键词: 豆科牧草, 青藏高原, 箭筈豌豆, 兰箭3号

Abstract:

A common vetch （Vicia sativa） breeding program was started in 1999 using germplasm materials introduced from the International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas （ICARDA）. The objective was to develop cultivars adapted to the alpine grassland conditions to improve the degree to which nutritional requirements of livestock production at Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau could be met. After 12 years of continuous effort， a new cultivar named Lanjian No.3 was developed through a combination of single plant selection and bulk selection. The most prominent characteristics of the new cultivar are early maturity and higher seed yield. The mean number of days required from seedling emergence to seed maturation was only 100 days with a range of 92 to 106 days， and the mean seed yield was 2023 kg·ha^-1， when it was grown in Xiahe county of Gansu province， China， a typical alpine grassland where the elevation is 3000 meters above sea level. Compared with a reference cultivar 333/A， the mean growing days to maturity was 13 days shorter and seed yield was 174.9% higher. The mean herbage dry matter yield of Lanjian No.3 is 2769 kg·ha^-1， which is similar to the reference cultivar. Its herbage dry matter yield was 3214 kg·ha^-1 （14.3% higher than 333/A） when grown in summer as a cover crop on the Loess Plateau. Therefore， it is concluded that Lanjian No. 3 is a productive new cultivar for the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. It also could be used as a short-term rotation crop or green manure crop in traditional crop production regions.

Key words: forage legume, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Vicia sativa, Lanjian No. 3

南志标, 王彦荣, 聂斌, 李春杰, 张卫国, 夏超. 春箭筈豌豆新品种“兰箭3号”选育与特性评价[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(4): 111-120.

Zhi-biao NAN, Yan-rong WANG, Bin NIE, Chun-jie LI, Wei-guo ZHANG, Chao XIA. Breeding of Lanjian No. 3 common vetch and evaluation of its characteristics[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(4): 111-120.

图/表 10

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项目Item	夏河Xiahe	碌曲Luqu	西峰Xifeng
海拔Elevation (m)	3050	3100	1298
年积温Accumulated temperature (≥0 ℃)	1805.5	1707.2	3446.0
年降水Annual precipitation (mm)	444.4	612.6	561.5
无霜期Frost-free days (d)	50	40	160
K值K value	2.5	3.6	1.6
草地类型Grassland types	寒温潮湿Cold temperate-perhumid	寒温潮湿Cold temperate-perhumid	微温湿润Cool temperate-humid
全氮Total nitrogen (%)	0.21	0.26	<0.10
全磷Total phosphorus (%)	0.09	0.08	-
全钾Total potassium (%)	1.70	1.82	-
有机质Organic matter (%)	4.22	5.20	<1.00
速效氮Available nitrogen (%)	0.0023	0.0024	-
速效磷Available phosphorus (%)	0.00075	0.00110	-
速效钾Available potassium (%)	0.00175	0.00175	-

项目Item	夏河Xiahe	碌曲Luqu	西峰Xifeng
海拔Elevation (m)	3050	3100	1298
年积温Accumulated temperature (≥0 ℃)	1805.5	1707.2	3446.0
年降水Annual precipitation (mm)	444.4	612.6	561.5
无霜期Frost-free days (d)	50	40	160
K值K value	2.5	3.6	1.6
草地类型Grassland types	寒温潮湿Cold temperate-perhumid	寒温潮湿Cold temperate-perhumid	微温湿润Cool temperate-humid
全氮Total nitrogen (%)	0.21	0.26	<0.10
全磷Total phosphorus (%)	0.09	0.08	-
全钾Total potassium (%)	1.70	1.82	-
有机质Organic matter (%)	4.22	5.20	<1.00
速效氮Available nitrogen (%)	0.0023	0.0024	-
速效磷Available phosphorus (%)	0.00075	0.00110	-
速效钾Available potassium (%)	0.00175	0.00175	-

项目 Item	原种 F₀	第2代 F₂	第3代 F₃		第4代 F₄
项目 Item	原种 F₀	第2代 F₂	实测值 Measured	比原种增加 Increase over F_o(%)	实测值 Measured	比原种增加 Increase over F_o (%)
单株种子产量Seed yield per plant (g)	2.69	3.01	4.95	84.1	5.05	87.7
每株荚数Pods per plant	12.8	14.4	18.7	46.1	18.3	43.0
每荚粒数Seeds per pod	2.6	2.8	3.5	34.6	3.3	26.9
千粒重1000-seed weight (g)	69.7	70.2	73.8	5.9	69.4	-0.4
单株牧草产量Herbage dry matter yield per plant (g)	4.1	4.4	6.5	58.5	6.6	61.0
每株一级分枝数First branch number per plant	2.5	2.7	2.5	0	2.3	-8.0
每株二级分枝数Second branch number per plant	3.7	4.3	7.3	97.3	7.1	91.9
单株根重Root dry matter per plant (g)	0.14	0.16	0.12	-14.4	0.12	-14.2

项目 Item	原种 F₀	第2代 F₂	第3代 F₃		第4代 F₄
项目 Item	原种 F₀	第2代 F₂	实测值 Measured	比原种增加 Increase over F_o(%)	实测值 Measured	比原种增加 Increase over F_o (%)
单株种子产量Seed yield per plant (g)	2.69	3.01	4.95	84.1	5.05	87.7
每株荚数Pods per plant	12.8	14.4	18.7	46.1	18.3	43.0
每荚粒数Seeds per pod	2.6	2.8	3.5	34.6	3.3	26.9
千粒重1000-seed weight (g)	69.7	70.2	73.8	5.9	69.4	-0.4
单株牧草产量Herbage dry matter yield per plant (g)	4.1	4.4	6.5	58.5	6.6	61.0
每株一级分枝数First branch number per plant	2.5	2.7	2.5	0	2.3	-8.0
每株二级分枝数Second branch number per plant	3.7	4.3	7.3	97.3	7.1	91.9
单株根重Root dry matter per plant (g)	0.14	0.16	0.12	-14.4	0.12	-14.2

测定项目 Measuring item	品种（系） Cultivar (line)	年份 Year			平均 Average
测定项目 Measuring item	品种（系） Cultivar (line)	2003	2004	2005	平均 Average
种子产量 Seed yield	2505-1	1098a	789a	557a	821
	2505	868b	610b	489b	656
	333/A	321c	566b	173c	353
牧草产量 Herbage dry matter yield	2505-1	1467ab	2177ab	2613a	2086
	2505	1193b	1713b	2136b	1681
	333/A	2149a	2635a	2801a	2528