草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 36-45.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020353
韩福贵1,2(), 满多清2, 郑庆钟2, 赵艳丽2(), 张裕年2, 肖斌2, 付贵全2, 杜娟2
收稿日期:
2020-07-28
修回日期:
2020-09-09
出版日期:
2021-01-20
发布日期:
2021-01-08
通讯作者:
赵艳丽
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: zhyl_gs@163.com基金资助:
Fu-gui HAN1,2(), Duo-qing MAN2, Qing-zhong ZHENG2, Yan-li ZHAO2(), Yu-nian ZHANG2, Bin XIAO2, Gui-quan FU2, Juan DU2
Received:
2020-07-28
Revised:
2020-09-09
Online:
2021-01-20
Published:
2021-01-08
Contact:
Yan-li ZHAO
摘要:
通过对青土湖典型湿地白刺灌丛沙堆群落物种多样性及土壤养分变化特征的研究发现:1)调查群落中共有植物15种,分属6科15属,其中藜科7属,蒺藜科3属,菊科2属,禾本科、茄科和萝藦科均为1属,占总种科数的50.00%和总种属数的80.00%。2)白刺灌丛重要值在重度盐碱地最高为54.72,其次为盐碱沙地、黄色粉砂地和灰白色粉砂地,分别为35.00、31.16、22.22,半固定沙地最低为15.65。3)在Margalef丰富度指数、Shanon-Wiener多样性指数中灰白色粉砂地与其他几个样地差异显著(P<0.05);Simpson多样性指数、群落优势度指数、Pielou均匀度指数中各样地之间差异不显著(P>0.05);在Alatulo均匀度指数中各样地之间差异显著(P<0.05)。4)土壤有机物质含量最高为水淹地,以10~20 cm土层深度含量最高,40~60 cm含量最低;全磷含量最高为沙丘上部,以5~10 cm土层深度含量最高,40~60 cm含量最低;全氮含量最高为平地,以0~5 cm土层深度含量最高,20~40 cm含量最低;全钾含量最高为沙丘下部,以20~40 cm土层深度含量最高,5~10 cm含量最低。5)非水淹和常水淹土壤含水率随着土层的加深呈现逐渐增加的趋势,在40~60 cm后土层趋于稳定,常被水淹的地区影响白刺灌丛土壤水分,增强细砂粒在地表区域的沉降。地下水位的逐年抬升,从2006年的-4.1 m回升到2019年的-3.0 m,具有明显的年代变化规律,符合回归方程:Y=-0.0017X2+0.1275X-4.274 (R2=0.9804),且差异显著 (P<0.05)。
韩福贵, 满多清, 郑庆钟, 赵艳丽, 张裕年, 肖斌, 付贵全, 杜娟. 青土湖典型湿地白刺灌丛沙堆群落物种多样性及土壤养分变化特征研究[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(1): 36-45.
Fu-gui HAN, Duo-qing MAN, Qing-zhong ZHENG, Yan-li ZHAO, Yu-nian ZHANG, Bin XIAO, Gui-quan FU, Juan DU. Species diversity and soil nutrient changes of a Nitraria tangutorum shrub community in Qingtu Lake wetland[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(1): 36-45.
样地类型 Sample type | 经纬度 Latitude and longitude | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 样地土壤特征 Soil characteristics of sample plot |
---|---|---|---|
重度盐碱地 Heavy saline-alkali land | 39°08′56″ N 103°36′54.4″ E | 1297.7 | 土壤为盐碱土或黏土,pH值为:9.5以上,地表有干盐湖沉积,块状、坚硬,土粒与土粒之间是完全分散的,不成结构。Soil is saline-alkali soil or clay,pH: 9.5 or above,the surface of the dry salt.deposition, massive,hard,between the soil particles and soil particles are completely dispersed,not structure. |
半固定沙地Semi-fixed sandy land | 39°08′02″ N 102°37′47″ E | 1300.0 | 土壤为沙土,地面完全为沙覆盖,植被盖度为10%~29%,分布均匀,风沙流活动受阻,地表基本稳定的沙地。The soil is sandy soil,the ground is completely covered with sand,the vegetation coverage is between 10%-29%,the distribution is uniform,the activity of wind sand flowis blocked,the surface is basically stable. |
盐碱沙地 Saline-alkali sandy land | 39°08′6.78″ N 103°36′10″ E | 1300.5 | 土壤为碳酸盐沉积土,表面处沉积风成沙,pH值为:7.1~8.5,表层形成盐分的移动和积聚。The soil is carbonate sedimentary soil,the surface deposition of aeolian sand,pH value: 7.1-8.5,the surface formation of sait movement and accumulation. |
黄色粉砂地 Yellow silty ground | 39°08′8.01″ N 103°38′1.21″ E | 1300.7 | 土壤表层为黄色粉砂质细沙,土层中含有花岗岩闪光石、偶见砾石,分层中沉积物为黄色粉砂质细沙和粘土层,具有湖相沉积物现象。The surface layer of the soothe soil is yellow silty fine sand,the soil layer contains granodiorite and occasionally gravel,and the sediment layer is yellow silty fine sand and clay,which has the phenomenon of lacustrine sediment. |
灰白色粉砂地Off-white silty ground | 39°09′02″ N 103°36′25″ E | 1297.9 | 土壤表层为灰白色粉砂质细粘土,含有螺壳,水干时,表层有明显的碳酸盐粉砂沉积,最湿润时期出现的原因,具有古气候环境现象。The surface layer of the soil is pale silty fine clay with spiral shell.When the water is dry,the surface layer has obvious carbonate silty sand deposition.The cause of the occurrence in the wettest period is the palaeoclimatic environment phenomenon. |
表1 青土湖不同地理位置白刺灌丛沙堆群落土壤结构特征
Table 1 Soil structure characteristics of N.tangutorum shrub community in different geographical locations in Qingtu Lake
样地类型 Sample type | 经纬度 Latitude and longitude | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 样地土壤特征 Soil characteristics of sample plot |
---|---|---|---|
重度盐碱地 Heavy saline-alkali land | 39°08′56″ N 103°36′54.4″ E | 1297.7 | 土壤为盐碱土或黏土,pH值为:9.5以上,地表有干盐湖沉积,块状、坚硬,土粒与土粒之间是完全分散的,不成结构。Soil is saline-alkali soil or clay,pH: 9.5 or above,the surface of the dry salt.deposition, massive,hard,between the soil particles and soil particles are completely dispersed,not structure. |
半固定沙地Semi-fixed sandy land | 39°08′02″ N 102°37′47″ E | 1300.0 | 土壤为沙土,地面完全为沙覆盖,植被盖度为10%~29%,分布均匀,风沙流活动受阻,地表基本稳定的沙地。The soil is sandy soil,the ground is completely covered with sand,the vegetation coverage is between 10%-29%,the distribution is uniform,the activity of wind sand flowis blocked,the surface is basically stable. |
盐碱沙地 Saline-alkali sandy land | 39°08′6.78″ N 103°36′10″ E | 1300.5 | 土壤为碳酸盐沉积土,表面处沉积风成沙,pH值为:7.1~8.5,表层形成盐分的移动和积聚。The soil is carbonate sedimentary soil,the surface deposition of aeolian sand,pH value: 7.1-8.5,the surface formation of sait movement and accumulation. |
黄色粉砂地 Yellow silty ground | 39°08′8.01″ N 103°38′1.21″ E | 1300.7 | 土壤表层为黄色粉砂质细沙,土层中含有花岗岩闪光石、偶见砾石,分层中沉积物为黄色粉砂质细沙和粘土层,具有湖相沉积物现象。The surface layer of the soothe soil is yellow silty fine sand,the soil layer contains granodiorite and occasionally gravel,and the sediment layer is yellow silty fine sand and clay,which has the phenomenon of lacustrine sediment. |
灰白色粉砂地Off-white silty ground | 39°09′02″ N 103°36′25″ E | 1297.9 | 土壤表层为灰白色粉砂质细粘土,含有螺壳,水干时,表层有明显的碳酸盐粉砂沉积,最湿润时期出现的原因,具有古气候环境现象。The surface layer of the soil is pale silty fine clay with spiral shell.When the water is dry,the surface layer has obvious carbonate silty sand deposition.The cause of the occurrence in the wettest period is the palaeoclimatic environment phenomenon. |
指标 Index | 重度盐碱地Heavy saline-alkali land | 半固定沙地 Semi-fixed sandy land | 盐碱沙地 Saline-alkali sandy land | 黄色粉砂地 Yellow silty ground | 灰白色粉砂地 Off-white silty ground | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
物种 Species | 重要值 Important value | 物种 Species | 重要值 Important value | 物种 Species | 重要值Important value | 物种 Species | 重要值Important value | 物种 Species | 重要值Important value | |
优势种 Dominant species | 白刺 N. tangutorum | 54.72 | 白刺 N. tangutorum | 15.65 | 白刺 N. tangutorum | 35.00 | 白刺 N. tangutorum | 31.16 | 白刺 N. tangutorum | 22.22 |
伴生种 Associated species | 黑果枸杞 L. henicum | 7.11 | 梭梭 H. ammodendron | 6.27 | 黑果枸杞 L. henicum | 3.63 | 黑果枸杞 L. henicum | 7.72 | 黑果枸杞 L. henicum | 8.20 |
盐爪爪 K. foliatum. | 19.58 | 沙蒿 A. arenaria | 7.30 | 盐爪爪 K. foliatum. | 6.46 | 梭梭 H. ammodendron | 8.75 | 盐爪爪 K. foliatum. | 5.62 | |
芦苇 P. australis | 18.59 | 盐生草 H. glomeratus | 4.72 | 骆驼蓬 P. nigellastrum | 1.13 | 沙蒿 A. arenaria | 5.07 | 驼蹄瓣 Z. macropodum | 12.55 | |
猪毛菜 S. collina | 4.69 | 鹅绒藤 C. chinense. | 8.41 | 骆驼蓬 P. nigellastrum | 6.85 | 猪毛菜 S. collina | 11.52 | |||
沙米 A. squarrosum | 2.21 | 驼蹄瓣 Z. macropodum | 3.04 | 驼蹄瓣 Z. macropodum | 4.74 | 鹅绒藤 C. chinense. | 19.71 | |||
雾冰藜 B. dasyphylla | 3.54 | 芦苇 P. australis | 7.27 | 猪毛菜 S. collina | 0.38 | 芦苇 P. australis | 6.64 | |||
蒙古虫实 C. mongolicum | 3.96 | 沙蓝刺头 L. leontopodioides | 3.07 | |||||||
鹅绒藤 C. chinense. | 2.92 | |||||||||
芦苇P. australis | 7.17 |
表2 不同湿地类型白刺灌丛群落物种重要值
Table 2 Species importance values of N. tangutorum shrub community in different wetland types
指标 Index | 重度盐碱地Heavy saline-alkali land | 半固定沙地 Semi-fixed sandy land | 盐碱沙地 Saline-alkali sandy land | 黄色粉砂地 Yellow silty ground | 灰白色粉砂地 Off-white silty ground | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
物种 Species | 重要值 Important value | 物种 Species | 重要值 Important value | 物种 Species | 重要值Important value | 物种 Species | 重要值Important value | 物种 Species | 重要值Important value | |
优势种 Dominant species | 白刺 N. tangutorum | 54.72 | 白刺 N. tangutorum | 15.65 | 白刺 N. tangutorum | 35.00 | 白刺 N. tangutorum | 31.16 | 白刺 N. tangutorum | 22.22 |
伴生种 Associated species | 黑果枸杞 L. henicum | 7.11 | 梭梭 H. ammodendron | 6.27 | 黑果枸杞 L. henicum | 3.63 | 黑果枸杞 L. henicum | 7.72 | 黑果枸杞 L. henicum | 8.20 |
盐爪爪 K. foliatum. | 19.58 | 沙蒿 A. arenaria | 7.30 | 盐爪爪 K. foliatum. | 6.46 | 梭梭 H. ammodendron | 8.75 | 盐爪爪 K. foliatum. | 5.62 | |
芦苇 P. australis | 18.59 | 盐生草 H. glomeratus | 4.72 | 骆驼蓬 P. nigellastrum | 1.13 | 沙蒿 A. arenaria | 5.07 | 驼蹄瓣 Z. macropodum | 12.55 | |
猪毛菜 S. collina | 4.69 | 鹅绒藤 C. chinense. | 8.41 | 骆驼蓬 P. nigellastrum | 6.85 | 猪毛菜 S. collina | 11.52 | |||
沙米 A. squarrosum | 2.21 | 驼蹄瓣 Z. macropodum | 3.04 | 驼蹄瓣 Z. macropodum | 4.74 | 鹅绒藤 C. chinense. | 19.71 | |||
雾冰藜 B. dasyphylla | 3.54 | 芦苇 P. australis | 7.27 | 猪毛菜 S. collina | 0.38 | 芦苇 P. australis | 6.64 | |||
蒙古虫实 C. mongolicum | 3.96 | 沙蓝刺头 L. leontopodioides | 3.07 | |||||||
鹅绒藤 C. chinense. | 2.92 | |||||||||
芦苇P. australis | 7.17 |
样地类型Sample type | Margalef丰富度指数Margalef richness index | Simpson多样性 指数Simpson diversity index | Shanon-wiener多样性指数Shanon-wiener diversity index | 群落优势度指数dominant index | Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou uniformity index | Alatulo均匀度指数 Alatulo uniformity index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
重度盐碱地Heavy saline-alkali land | 0.711±0.020b | 0.596±0.044a | 0.911±0.010b | 0.742±0.086a | 0.404±0.044a | 1.037±0.206a |
半固定沙地Semi-fixed sandy land | 0.688±0.277b | 0.434±0.192a | 0.928±0.365b | 0.483±0.206a | 0.525±0.203a | 0.651±0.164ab |
盐碱沙地Saline-alkali sandy land | 0.705±0.269b | 0.362±0.213a | 0.978±0.280b | 0.742±0.139a | 0.453±0.134a | 0.858±0.113ab |
黄色粉砂地Yellow silty ground | 0.742±0.266b | 0.392±0.128a | 0.773±0.252b | 0.525±0.057a | 0.600±0.125a | 0.609±0.054ab |
灰白色粉砂地Off-white sitly ground | 1.190±0.315a | 0.490±0.173a | 1.015±0.295a | 0.633±0.182a | 0.499±0.162a | 0.567±0.083b |
表3 白刺灌丛群落的物种丰富度、多样性和均匀度指数
Table 3 Species richness, diversity and evenness index of N. tangutorum shrub community
样地类型Sample type | Margalef丰富度指数Margalef richness index | Simpson多样性 指数Simpson diversity index | Shanon-wiener多样性指数Shanon-wiener diversity index | 群落优势度指数dominant index | Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou uniformity index | Alatulo均匀度指数 Alatulo uniformity index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
重度盐碱地Heavy saline-alkali land | 0.711±0.020b | 0.596±0.044a | 0.911±0.010b | 0.742±0.086a | 0.404±0.044a | 1.037±0.206a |
半固定沙地Semi-fixed sandy land | 0.688±0.277b | 0.434±0.192a | 0.928±0.365b | 0.483±0.206a | 0.525±0.203a | 0.651±0.164ab |
盐碱沙地Saline-alkali sandy land | 0.705±0.269b | 0.362±0.213a | 0.978±0.280b | 0.742±0.139a | 0.453±0.134a | 0.858±0.113ab |
黄色粉砂地Yellow silty ground | 0.742±0.266b | 0.392±0.128a | 0.773±0.252b | 0.525±0.057a | 0.600±0.125a | 0.609±0.054ab |
灰白色粉砂地Off-white sitly ground | 1.190±0.315a | 0.490±0.173a | 1.015±0.295a | 0.633±0.182a | 0.499±0.162a | 0.567±0.083b |
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