草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 170-179.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020107
蔡元1(), 罗玉柱2(), 臧荣鑫1, 李春阳1, 扎西英派1
收稿日期:
2020-03-12
修回日期:
2020-06-29
出版日期:
2021-05-21
发布日期:
2021-05-21
通讯作者:
罗玉柱
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: luoyz@gsau.edu.cn基金资助:
Yuan CAI1(), Yu-zhu LUO2(), Rong-xin ZANG1, Chun-yang LI1, Ying-pai ZHAXI1
Received:
2020-03-12
Revised:
2020-06-29
Online:
2021-05-21
Published:
2021-05-21
Contact:
Yu-zhu LUO
摘要:
本试验旨在研究妊娠早期饲粮中添加N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)对母羊胚胎存活及相关血液指标的影响,并对其作用机制进行初步探讨。选择发情正常、健康状况良好的湖羊50只,随机分为2组(对照组和NCG试验组),每组25只母羊,自配种当天开始给母羊分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)和基础饲粮+0.11%NCG(NCG组),饲喂期38 d。测定妊娠第19和38天母羊血浆游离氨基酸、总一氧化氮合酶(TNOS)、内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、一氧化氮(NO)、雌二醇、孕酮的浓度;38 d时每组各屠宰7只妊娠母羊,测定妊娠母羊的黄体数和活胎儿数等指标。结果显示,与对照组相比,妊娠第38天时,NCG组每只母羊总胎儿数增加了79.72%(P<0.05),活胎儿数增加了79.72%(P<0.05),胎儿形成指数增加了0.26(P<0.05),胎水体积增加了72.89%(P<0.05),活胎儿总重提高了71.13% (P<0.05);NCG组妊娠第19天的甘氨酸、蛋氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、NO、iNOS、eNOS和孕酮的浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),NCG组妊娠第19天的瓜氨酸和脯氨酸极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);NCG组妊娠第38天的精氨酸、脯氨酸和NO显著高于对照组(P<0.05),NCG组妊娠第38天的iNOS和eNOS的浓度极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。由此,妊娠早期饲粮中添加NCG提高了胚胎和胎儿的存活,增加了妊娠母羊第38天的总胎儿数和活胎儿数,改善了母羊的繁殖性能,其作用机制可能是NCG促进了母羊内源性精氨酸的合成,提高了母羊血浆精氨酸、NO和孕酮含量,改善了子宫内环境和营养供给,使之有利于胚胎着床和妊娠维持。
蔡元, 罗玉柱, 臧荣鑫, 李春阳, 扎西英派. 妊娠早期饲粮中添加N-氨甲酰谷氨酸对母羊早期胚胎存活及相关血液指标的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(6): 170-179.
Yuan CAI, Yu-zhu LUO, Rong-xin ZANG, Chun-yang LI, Ying-pai ZHAXI. Effect of N-carbamylglutamate supplementation during early pregnancy on early embryonic survival and blood indexes in ewes[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(6): 170-179.
项目 Items | 含量Content (%) | 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | 含量Content |
---|---|---|---|
玉米Corn | 9.84 | 消化能Digestible energy (MJ·kg-1) | 10.98 |
小麦麸Wheat bran | 2.53 | 粗蛋白Crude protein (%) | 16.08 |
豆粕 Soybean meal | 4.26 | 钙Ca (%) | 1.30 |
食盐 Salt | 0.08 | 总磷Total phosphorus (TP,%) | 0.34 |
预混料Premix1) | 0.39 | ||
小苏打 NaHCO3 | 0.08 | ||
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 0.08 | ||
苜蓿草 Alfalfa | 44.86 | ||
青贮Whole corn silage | 37.88 | ||
合计Total | 100.00 |
表1 饲粮组成和营养水平(干物质基础)
Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of diets (dry matter basis)
项目 Items | 含量Content (%) | 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | 含量Content |
---|---|---|---|
玉米Corn | 9.84 | 消化能Digestible energy (MJ·kg-1) | 10.98 |
小麦麸Wheat bran | 2.53 | 粗蛋白Crude protein (%) | 16.08 |
豆粕 Soybean meal | 4.26 | 钙Ca (%) | 1.30 |
食盐 Salt | 0.08 | 总磷Total phosphorus (TP,%) | 0.34 |
预混料Premix1) | 0.39 | ||
小苏打 NaHCO3 | 0.08 | ||
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 0.08 | ||
苜蓿草 Alfalfa | 44.86 | ||
青贮Whole corn silage | 37.88 | ||
合计Total | 100.00 |
项目Items | 对照组Control | NCG |
---|---|---|
配种体重Body weight at breeding (kg) | 40.67±1.38 | 40.39±1.65 |
妊娠38天体重Body weight on day 38 of gestation (kg) | 41.09±1.43 | 43.17±1.70 |
受胎率Pregnancy rate (%) | 85.71(18/21) | 90.91(20/22) |
总胎儿数Total fetus (No.) | 1.43±0.20b | 2.57±0.43a |
活胎儿数Live fetus (No.) | 1.43±0.20b | 2.57±0.43a |
胎儿形成指数(胎儿/黄体)Fetus formation index | 0.60±0.07b | 0.86±0.09a |
黄体数Corpora lutea (No.) | 2.14±0.14 | 2.86±0.26 |
子宫重Uterine weight (g) | 243.75±18.01 | 320.44±43.22 |
胎水体积Fetal water volume (L) | 92.55±9.05b | 160.01±26.44a |
胎盘数Placental number (No.) | 69.86±4.93 | 66.90±2.49 |
胎盘面积Placental area (cm2) | 0.85±0.05 | 0.78±0.08 |
表2 妊娠0~38 d添加NCG对母羊妊娠第38天繁殖性能的影响
Table 2 Reproductive performance on the 38th day of gestation of ewes fed a basal diet that was or was not supplemented with 0.11% NCG from days 0 to 38 of gestation
项目Items | 对照组Control | NCG |
---|---|---|
配种体重Body weight at breeding (kg) | 40.67±1.38 | 40.39±1.65 |
妊娠38天体重Body weight on day 38 of gestation (kg) | 41.09±1.43 | 43.17±1.70 |
受胎率Pregnancy rate (%) | 85.71(18/21) | 90.91(20/22) |
总胎儿数Total fetus (No.) | 1.43±0.20b | 2.57±0.43a |
活胎儿数Live fetus (No.) | 1.43±0.20b | 2.57±0.43a |
胎儿形成指数(胎儿/黄体)Fetus formation index | 0.60±0.07b | 0.86±0.09a |
黄体数Corpora lutea (No.) | 2.14±0.14 | 2.86±0.26 |
子宫重Uterine weight (g) | 243.75±18.01 | 320.44±43.22 |
胎水体积Fetal water volume (L) | 92.55±9.05b | 160.01±26.44a |
胎盘数Placental number (No.) | 69.86±4.93 | 66.90±2.49 |
胎盘面积Placental area (cm2) | 0.85±0.05 | 0.78±0.08 |
项目Items | 对照组Control | NCG |
---|---|---|
活胎儿总重Total viable fetal weight (g) | 4.26±0.58b | 7.29±1.11a |
活胎儿平均重Average weight of live fetus (g) | 2.98±0.16 | 2.84±0.14 |
胎儿体长Length of fetus (cm) | 3.13±0.06 | 2.97±0.11 |
胎儿体高Height of fetus (cm) | 1.20±0.02 | 1.26±0.23 |
表3 妊娠0~38 d添加NCG对第38天胎儿发育的影响
Table 3 Effects of NCG supplementation from 0 to 38 days of gestation on fetal development on the 38th day
项目Items | 对照组Control | NCG |
---|---|---|
活胎儿总重Total viable fetal weight (g) | 4.26±0.58b | 7.29±1.11a |
活胎儿平均重Average weight of live fetus (g) | 2.98±0.16 | 2.84±0.14 |
胎儿体长Length of fetus (cm) | 3.13±0.06 | 2.97±0.11 |
胎儿体高Height of fetus (cm) | 1.20±0.02 | 1.26±0.23 |
项目 Items | 妊娠天数 Days of gestation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
19 d | 38 d | |||
对照组Control | NCG | 对照组Control | NCG | |
天冬氨酸 Aspartic acid | 13.81±1.64 | 10.05±0.86 | 13.62±1.12 | 11.93±1.01 |
苏氨酸 Threonine | 40.72±6.39 | 62.55±8.42 | 47.75±7.37 | 59.61±6.32 |
丝氨酸 Serine | 83.50±5.13 | 91.71±5.88 | 105.98±5.61 | 121.21±10.87 |
天冬酰胺 Asparagine | 41.82±2.79 | 39.08±1.77 | 40.30±5.08 | 50.14±1.53 |
谷氨酸 Glutamic acid | 192.18±6.02A | 130.33±6.72B | 152.42±9.08 | 150.21±13.79 |
甘氨酸 Glycine | 475.89±15.95b | 570.30±30.65a | 622.09±7.88 | 659.05±22.49 |
丙氨酸 Alanine | 262.38±16.25 | 301.38±12.96 | 246.66±16.11 | 270.94±16.00 |
瓜氨酸 Citrulline | 153.62±11.83B | 200.71±16.69A | 150.42±14.28 | 170.03±12.40 |
缬氨酸 Valine | 206.79±6.76 | 189.93±6.09 | 179.58±8.76 | 184.27±5.68 |
蛋氨酸 Methionine | 27.06±1.51b | 31.42±1.25a | 28.82±0.67 | 29.15±0.93 |
异亮氨酸 Isoleucine | 91.96±2.83 | 90.72±3.60 | 87.77±3.76 | 87.96±2.51 |
亮氨酸 Leucine | 145.51±4.36 | 149.70±4.11 | 141.22±5.99 | 137.22±4.15 |
酪氨酸 Tyrosine | 71.54±5.72 | 64.71±4.53 | 67.06±4.22 | 68.44±2.91 |
苯丙氨酸 Phenylalanine | 70.45±3.18 | 65.76±2.07 | 50.40±3.42 | 54.33±2.35 |
组氨酸 Histidine | 54.55±1.82 | 57.61±1.48 | 57.77±3.07 | 59.54±1.18 |
色氨酸 Tryptophan | 303.40±13.60 | 294.83±6.22 | 320.35±15.86 | 361.66±15.36 |
鸟氨酸 Ornithine | 56.28±5.41 | 65.92±4.63 | 72.64±12.03 | 61.88±5.55 |
赖氨酸 Lysine | 91.23±9.01b | 128.34±10.30a | 87.13±12.36 | 95.86±13.53 |
精氨酸 Arginine | 123.26±17.65b | 167.20±14.38a | 118.19±8.70b | 142.68±6.82a |
脯氨酸Proline | 92.18±4.75B | 112.92±4.64A | 104.83±4.96b | 117.89±3.36a |
表4 妊娠0~38 d饲粮添加0.11%NCG对母羊血浆游离氨基酸含量的影响
Table 4 Effect of NCG supplementation between days 0-38 of gestation on concentration of free amino acids in the plasma of ewes on days 19 and 38 of gestation (μmol·L-1)
项目 Items | 妊娠天数 Days of gestation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
19 d | 38 d | |||
对照组Control | NCG | 对照组Control | NCG | |
天冬氨酸 Aspartic acid | 13.81±1.64 | 10.05±0.86 | 13.62±1.12 | 11.93±1.01 |
苏氨酸 Threonine | 40.72±6.39 | 62.55±8.42 | 47.75±7.37 | 59.61±6.32 |
丝氨酸 Serine | 83.50±5.13 | 91.71±5.88 | 105.98±5.61 | 121.21±10.87 |
天冬酰胺 Asparagine | 41.82±2.79 | 39.08±1.77 | 40.30±5.08 | 50.14±1.53 |
谷氨酸 Glutamic acid | 192.18±6.02A | 130.33±6.72B | 152.42±9.08 | 150.21±13.79 |
甘氨酸 Glycine | 475.89±15.95b | 570.30±30.65a | 622.09±7.88 | 659.05±22.49 |
丙氨酸 Alanine | 262.38±16.25 | 301.38±12.96 | 246.66±16.11 | 270.94±16.00 |
瓜氨酸 Citrulline | 153.62±11.83B | 200.71±16.69A | 150.42±14.28 | 170.03±12.40 |
缬氨酸 Valine | 206.79±6.76 | 189.93±6.09 | 179.58±8.76 | 184.27±5.68 |
蛋氨酸 Methionine | 27.06±1.51b | 31.42±1.25a | 28.82±0.67 | 29.15±0.93 |
异亮氨酸 Isoleucine | 91.96±2.83 | 90.72±3.60 | 87.77±3.76 | 87.96±2.51 |
亮氨酸 Leucine | 145.51±4.36 | 149.70±4.11 | 141.22±5.99 | 137.22±4.15 |
酪氨酸 Tyrosine | 71.54±5.72 | 64.71±4.53 | 67.06±4.22 | 68.44±2.91 |
苯丙氨酸 Phenylalanine | 70.45±3.18 | 65.76±2.07 | 50.40±3.42 | 54.33±2.35 |
组氨酸 Histidine | 54.55±1.82 | 57.61±1.48 | 57.77±3.07 | 59.54±1.18 |
色氨酸 Tryptophan | 303.40±13.60 | 294.83±6.22 | 320.35±15.86 | 361.66±15.36 |
鸟氨酸 Ornithine | 56.28±5.41 | 65.92±4.63 | 72.64±12.03 | 61.88±5.55 |
赖氨酸 Lysine | 91.23±9.01b | 128.34±10.30a | 87.13±12.36 | 95.86±13.53 |
精氨酸 Arginine | 123.26±17.65b | 167.20±14.38a | 118.19±8.70b | 142.68±6.82a |
脯氨酸Proline | 92.18±4.75B | 112.92±4.64A | 104.83±4.96b | 117.89±3.36a |
项目 Items | 妊娠天数 Days of gestation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
19 d | 38 d | |||
对照组Control | NCG | 对照组Control | NCG | |
一氧化氮NO (μmol·L-1) | 7.10±0.41b | 8.58±0.72a | 7.40±0.47b | 8.74±0.24a |
总一氧化氮合酶TNOS (U·mL-1) | 15.15±0.74 | 14.68±0.69 | 16.63±0.62 | 17.16±0.62 |
诱导型一氧化氮合酶iNOS (U·mL-1) | 7.68±0.38b | 9.02±0.41a | 7.05±0.53B | 11.61±0.38A |
内皮型一氧化氮合酶eNOS (ng·mL-1) | 10.71±0.39b | 12.16±0.44a | 10.23±0.44B | 12.46±0.51A |
表 5 妊娠0~38 d添加0.11%NCG对母羊血浆NO、TNOS、eNOS和iNOS浓度的影响
Table 5 Effects of NCG supplementation between days 0 and 38 of gestation on concentrations of NO, TNOS, eNOS and iNOS in the plasma of ewes on days 19 and 38
项目 Items | 妊娠天数 Days of gestation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
19 d | 38 d | |||
对照组Control | NCG | 对照组Control | NCG | |
一氧化氮NO (μmol·L-1) | 7.10±0.41b | 8.58±0.72a | 7.40±0.47b | 8.74±0.24a |
总一氧化氮合酶TNOS (U·mL-1) | 15.15±0.74 | 14.68±0.69 | 16.63±0.62 | 17.16±0.62 |
诱导型一氧化氮合酶iNOS (U·mL-1) | 7.68±0.38b | 9.02±0.41a | 7.05±0.53B | 11.61±0.38A |
内皮型一氧化氮合酶eNOS (ng·mL-1) | 10.71±0.39b | 12.16±0.44a | 10.23±0.44B | 12.46±0.51A |
项目 Items | 妊娠天数Days of gestation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
19 d | 38 d | |||
对照组Control | NCG | 对照组Control | NCG | |
雌二醇Estradiol (pg·mL-1) | 18.72±0.82 | 21.34±1.18 | 21.17±0.96 | 24.00±1.11 |
孕酮Progesterone (ng·mL-1) | 3.90±0.14B | 4.79±0.12A | 4.20±0.13 | 4.61±0.19 |
表6 妊娠0~38 d添加0.11%NCG对母羊血浆雌二醇和孕酮浓度的影响
Table 6 Effects of NCG supplementation between days 0-38 of gestation on concentrations of estradiol and progesterone in the plasma of ewes on days 19 and 38
项目 Items | 妊娠天数Days of gestation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
19 d | 38 d | |||
对照组Control | NCG | 对照组Control | NCG | |
雌二醇Estradiol (pg·mL-1) | 18.72±0.82 | 21.34±1.18 | 21.17±0.96 | 24.00±1.11 |
孕酮Progesterone (ng·mL-1) | 3.90±0.14B | 4.79±0.12A | 4.20±0.13 | 4.61±0.19 |
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