草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 194-201.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020463
• 研究简报 • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2020-10-14
修回日期:
2020-11-11
出版日期:
2021-11-11
发布日期:
2021-11-11
作者简介:
贺国宝(1967-),男,甘肃肃南人,畜牧师。E-mail: hebaoguo1967@163.com
基金资助:
Received:
2020-10-14
Revised:
2020-11-11
Online:
2021-11-11
Published:
2021-11-11
摘要:
干旱区山地植物群落的空间分布格局和多样性特征对海拔梯度的响应分析,有助于探究山地植物的生态适应性策略。采用TWINSPAN和DCA排序等方法,研究了祁连山北坡植物群落分布格局和多样性特征。结果表明:祁连山北坡植物群落可以分为9个类群,随着海拔的升高,植被类型由荒漠-荒漠草原-典型草原逐渐转变为草甸草原,植物群落由斑块状分布的盐爪爪+珍珠群丛至灌木亚菊+珍珠群丛和合头草+珍珠群丛过渡为甘蒙锦鸡儿+芨芨草群丛、扁穗冰草+西北针茅群丛和西北针茅+赖草群丛,最后逐渐演化为呈镶嵌分布的鬼箭锦鸡儿+高山柳群丛和苔草+嵩草群丛;草地群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')和物种丰富度指数(R)呈“双峰”变化趋势,Pielou均匀度指数(J)在中海拔有最大值,而Simpson优势度指数(C)在中海拔有最小值。祁连山植被类型由低海拔荒漠至高海拔草甸草原演化过程中伴随着植物群落分布格局和种类组成的改变,体现了山地环境对植物群落构建的过滤作用。
贺国宝. 祁连山北坡植物群落空间分布格局与多样性研究[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(12): 194-201.
Guo-bao HE. Distribution characteristics and plant community diversity on the north slopes of the Qilian Mountains[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(12): 194-201.
图1 祁连山北坡植物群落32个样方的TWINSPAN分类Dn: 分类级别The classification level; N: 样方个数The number of plots.
Fig.1 TWINSPAN taxonomic tree of 32 plots of community on the north slope of Qilian Mountain
组Group | 样方编号 Plots number | 群丛类型 Association types | 盖度 Cover (%) | 海拔 Elevation (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ | 21, 22, 24 | 盐爪爪+珍珠-灌木亚菊+多根葱群丛Assoc. K. foliatum+Phyllanthus urinaria-A.fruticulosa+Allium polyrhizum | 20~30 | 1670~1690 |
Ⅱ | 19, 26, 30 | 灌木亚菊+珍珠-合头草+茵陈蒿群丛Assoc.A. fruticulosa+P. urinaria-S. regelii+Artemisia capillaris | 20~30 | 1710~1750 |
Ⅲ | 3, 4, 5, 6, 18, 25 | 合头草+珍珠-多根葱+茵陈蒿群丛Assoc. S. regelii+P. urinaria-A. polyrhizum+A. capillaris | 30~50 | 1820~2480 |
Ⅳ | 1, 2, 17, 20, 27 | 合头草+珍珠-多根葱+铁杆蒿群丛Assoc. S. regelii+P.urinaria-A. polyrhizum+Artemisia gmelinii | 30~50 | 2170~2480 |
Ⅴ | 7 | 甘蒙锦鸡儿+芨芨草-针茅+醉马草群丛Assoc. Caragana opulens+Achnatherum splendens-Stipa capillata+Achnatherum inebrians | 60~80 | 2470 |
Ⅵ | 8, 13, 16 | 扁穗冰草+西北针茅-棘豆群丛Assoc. A. cristatum+S. sareptana-Oxytropis caerulea | 70~90 | 2630~2790 |
Ⅶ | 14, 28, 29, 31 | 西北针茅+赖草-委陵菜+阿尔泰狗娃花Assoc. S. sareptana+Leymus secalinus-Potentilla chinensis+Heteropappus altaicus | 85~100 | 2760~2900 |
Ⅷ | 10, 23, 32 | 鬼箭锦鸡儿+高山柳-绣线菊+珠芽蓼群丛Assoc. C. jubata+S.cupularis -Spiraea salicifolia+Polygonum viviparum | 95 | 3120~3410 |
Ⅸ | 9, 11, 12, 15 | 苔草+嵩草-火绒草+灯心草+唐松草群丛Assoc. C. tristachya+K. myosuroides-Leontopodium hayachinense+Juncus effuses+Thalictrum aquilegiifolium | 90~100 | 2910~3440 |
表1 祁连山北坡9个植物群丛类型的群落特征及其主要物种成分
Table 1 Community characteristics and main species components of nine plant association types on the north slope of Qilian Mountains
组Group | 样方编号 Plots number | 群丛类型 Association types | 盖度 Cover (%) | 海拔 Elevation (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ | 21, 22, 24 | 盐爪爪+珍珠-灌木亚菊+多根葱群丛Assoc. K. foliatum+Phyllanthus urinaria-A.fruticulosa+Allium polyrhizum | 20~30 | 1670~1690 |
Ⅱ | 19, 26, 30 | 灌木亚菊+珍珠-合头草+茵陈蒿群丛Assoc.A. fruticulosa+P. urinaria-S. regelii+Artemisia capillaris | 20~30 | 1710~1750 |
Ⅲ | 3, 4, 5, 6, 18, 25 | 合头草+珍珠-多根葱+茵陈蒿群丛Assoc. S. regelii+P. urinaria-A. polyrhizum+A. capillaris | 30~50 | 1820~2480 |
Ⅳ | 1, 2, 17, 20, 27 | 合头草+珍珠-多根葱+铁杆蒿群丛Assoc. S. regelii+P.urinaria-A. polyrhizum+Artemisia gmelinii | 30~50 | 2170~2480 |
Ⅴ | 7 | 甘蒙锦鸡儿+芨芨草-针茅+醉马草群丛Assoc. Caragana opulens+Achnatherum splendens-Stipa capillata+Achnatherum inebrians | 60~80 | 2470 |
Ⅵ | 8, 13, 16 | 扁穗冰草+西北针茅-棘豆群丛Assoc. A. cristatum+S. sareptana-Oxytropis caerulea | 70~90 | 2630~2790 |
Ⅶ | 14, 28, 29, 31 | 西北针茅+赖草-委陵菜+阿尔泰狗娃花Assoc. S. sareptana+Leymus secalinus-Potentilla chinensis+Heteropappus altaicus | 85~100 | 2760~2900 |
Ⅷ | 10, 23, 32 | 鬼箭锦鸡儿+高山柳-绣线菊+珠芽蓼群丛Assoc. C. jubata+S.cupularis -Spiraea salicifolia+Polygonum viviparum | 95 | 3120~3410 |
Ⅸ | 9, 11, 12, 15 | 苔草+嵩草-火绒草+灯心草+唐松草群丛Assoc. C. tristachya+K. myosuroides-Leontopodium hayachinense+Juncus effuses+Thalictrum aquilegiifolium | 90~100 | 2910~3440 |
图3 祁连山北坡9个植物群丛类型多样性指数不同小写字母表示群落间差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among communities (P<0.05).
Fig.3 Diversity index of 9 plant association types on the north slope of Qilian Mountain
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