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草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 133-146.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020519

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

新疆昌吉32个紫花苜蓿品种的田间抗病性评价

张岳阳1(), 李芳1, 梁维维2, 李彦忠1()   

  1. 1.兰州大学草地农业教育部工程研究中心,兰州大学农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室,兰州大学甘肃省西部草业技术创新中心,兰州大学草业科学国家级实验教学示范中心,兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃 兰州 730020
    2.新疆畜牧科学院草业研究所,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-25 修回日期:2021-01-18 出版日期:2022-02-20 发布日期:2021-12-22
  • 通讯作者: 李彦忠
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: liyzh@lzu.edu.cn
    张岳阳(1997-),女,山西长治人,在读博士。E-mail: zhangzhangyueyang@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省科技重大专项(19ZD2NA002);国家自然科学基金(32061123004);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系资助

Disease resistance evaluation of 32 alfalfa varieties in Xinjiang

Yue-yang ZHANG1(), Fang LI1, Wei-wei LIANG2, Yan-zhong LI1()   

  1. 1.Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry,Ministry of Education,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Gansu Technology Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education,State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China
    2.Grassland Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences,Urumchi 830000,China
  • Received:2020-11-25 Revised:2021-01-18 Online:2022-02-20 Published:2021-12-22
  • Contact: Yan-zhong LI

摘要:

为筛选出适宜当地条件的高产抗病品种,连续2年2次调查了2018年建植于新疆昌吉市呼图壁县的32个紫花苜蓿品种上各种病害的发病率和病情指数,并测定了各品种次年的越冬率和5次刈割期的草产量,评价了不同品种的抗病性,采用灰色关联度法分析了各品种的综合特性。结果表明,试验地发生了苜蓿茎点霉叶斑与黑茎病、白粉病、黄斑病、匍柄霉叶斑病和尾孢叶斑病5种病害,且以前3种为主,前3种病害的发病率最高分别达到了97.08%、100.00%及57.14%。供试品种仅有茎点霉叶斑与黑茎病的病情指数存在显著差异(P<0.05),表现为旱地与WL343HQ的病情指数显著高于皇冠、WL168HQ与阿迪娜等品种,而其他病害品种间未表现出差异(P>0.05)。根据抗性级别的频率分布,对于苜蓿茎点霉叶斑与黑茎病,53.13%的苜蓿品种为高抗品种,25.00%的苜蓿品种为抗性品种,12.50%的苜蓿品种为中抗品种,3.13%的苜蓿品种为低抗品种,6.25%的苜蓿品种为感病品种;对于苜蓿白粉病,32个品种的抗性分布频率为抗性品种占3.13%,中抗品种占25.00%,低抗品种占15.63%,感病品种占56.25%,无高抗品种;供试品种对苜蓿黄斑病抗性分布频率为高抗品种29个,占90.63%,抗性品种占9.38%,无中抗、低抗及感病品种。32个品种的5次草产量总和为22.48~29.52 t·hm-2,其中,5茬总产量最高的苜蓿品种为龙威3010,总产量最低的苜蓿品种为陇东苜蓿。供试的所有品种未出现明显冻害,越冬良好,越冬率均在80%以上,其中有22个品种大于90%。综合特性较好的5个品种为皇冠、WL363HQ、中苜3号、敖汉苜蓿和旱地(综合得分0.850~0.942),较差的品种为耐盐之星、WL343HQ、冲击波、雷霆与陇东苜蓿(综合得分0.650~0.721)。

关键词: 紫花苜蓿, 抗病性, 灰色关联度分析

Abstract:

This research aimed to identify disease resistant, high-yielding alfalfa (Medicago sativa) varieties suitable for planting in Xinjiang and was conducted in Hutubi, Changji City, Xinjiang in 2018 and 2019. Disease incidence and disease indexes were scored on two dates in both years for 32 alfalfa varieties. In total, yield data for 5 cuts were collected and plant survival percentage was measured in 2019. Diseases observed included: Phoma leaf spot and black stem, powdery mildew, alfalfa yellow leaf blotch, Stemphylium leaf spot and Cercospora leaf spot. Among these, the most important were powdery mildew, Phoma leaf spot and black stem, and alfalfa yellow leaf blotch, with the highest incidence of these three diseases being 97.08%, 100.00% and 57.14%, respectively. The resistance of each variety to each disease was evaluated following standardized scoring systems, and “gray incidence degree analysis” was used to analyze the characteristics of each variety and provide a combined trait score based on disease resistance, yield and survival. The 32 tested varieties were categorized as having “high resistance” (HR), “resistance” (R), “medium resistance” (MR), “low resistance” (LR), or as “susceptible” (S) to each of the three main diseases. Among the 32 tested alfalfa varieties, for resistance to Phoma leaf spot and black stem, the numbers of varieties in each of these 5 categories were: 17 HR, 8 R, 4 MR, 1 LR and 2 S. For alfalfa powdery mildew, the numbers of varieties in each category were: 0 HR, 1 R, 8 MR, 5 LR and 18 S. For alfalfa yellow leaf blotch, there 29 HR varieties, 3 R varieties and no MR, LR, or S varieties. The total yields over two seasons for the different varieties ranged from 22.48 t·ha-1 for “Longdong” to 29.52 t·ha-1 for “Longwei 3010”. No freezing injury occurred in any of the tested varieties; all survived well. Plant survival was greater than 80% for all varieties and was above 90% for 22 varieties. The five varieties with the highest combined trait scores from gray analysis were “Phabulous” (score 0.942), “WL363HQ” (0.897), “Zhongmu No.3” (0.877), “Aohan” (0.853) and “Dryland” (0.850), while the five lowest-scoring varieties were Salt-tolerant Star (score 0.650), WL343HQ (0.679), Shockwave (0.699), Instict (0.718) and Longdong (0.721).

Key words: Medicago sativa, disease resistance, gray incidence degree analysis