草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 131-143.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021498
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
钱文武1(), 郭鹏1, 朱慧森1(), 张士敏1, 李德颖2
收稿日期:
2021-12-28
修回日期:
2022-03-28
出版日期:
2023-01-20
发布日期:
2022-11-07
通讯作者:
朱慧森
作者简介:
E-mail: zhuhuisen@126.com基金资助:
Wen-wu QIAN1(), Peng GUO1, Hui-sen ZHU1(), Shi-min ZHANG1, De-ying LI2
Received:
2021-12-28
Revised:
2022-03-28
Online:
2023-01-20
Published:
2022-11-07
Contact:
Hui-sen ZHU
摘要:
为探究草地早熟禾叶片表皮特征、解剖结构及光合特性对施氮量的响应特性,本试验以6份草地早熟禾为材料,分别为3份美国引进品种:Merit、Jackrabbit和Park,2份山西本土野生居群:应县和浑源,1份由山西野生居群选育的‘太行草地早熟禾’品系,按照两个施氮水平N1:10 g·m-2(低氮)和N2:40 g·m-2(正常)进行处理,采用徒手切片法和石蜡切片法制片,光学显微镜下拍照并测定叶片上下表皮厚度、细胞长宽比、细胞密度、气孔指数、气孔长宽比、气孔密度,叶片厚度、厚壁组织厚度、维管束面积以及气孔导度和净光合速率等指标。结果表明:N1处理下,草地早熟禾叶片的上下表皮厚度、叶片厚度、厚壁组织厚度、维管束面积、气孔导度和净光合速率显著低于N2处理,而气孔大小与N2处理无显著差异;N2处理下,Jackrabbit和Park的叶片厚度显著高于浑源和应县,其中Park的叶片厚度最大,为173.39 μm,Jackrabbit的叶片维管束面积显著高于浑源和Park,Merit的净光合速率最大,为17.23 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1,较最小的Park高出45.16%。相关性分析表明:净光合速率与上下表皮厚度、厚壁组织厚度、维管束面积和气孔导度显著正相关;低氮处理促使草地早熟禾叶片变薄,维管束面积减小,叶片气孔导度和净光合速率降低。‘太行草地早熟禾’叶片气孔导度和净光合速率在低氮处理下均高于其他各材料,对低氮有较低的敏感性。
钱文武, 郭鹏, 朱慧森, 张士敏, 李德颖. 草地早熟禾叶片表皮特征、解剖结构及光合特性对不同施氮量的响应[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(1): 131-143.
Wen-wu QIAN, Peng GUO, Hui-sen ZHU, Shi-min ZHANG, De-ying LI. Responses of leaf epidermis, anatomical structure and photosynthetic characteristics of Poa pratensis to different nitrogen application level[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(1): 131-143.
序号No. | 材料 Material | 缩写 Abbreviation | 原产地 Origin |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 应县Yingxian | YX | 山西Shanxi |
2 | 浑源Hunyuan | HY | 山西Shanxi |
3 | 太行草地早熟禾Taihang | TH | 山西Shanxi |
4 | Jackrabbit | Ja | 美国America |
5 | Merit | Me | 美国America |
6 | Park | Pa | 美国America |
表1 试验材料
Table 1 Test materials
序号No. | 材料 Material | 缩写 Abbreviation | 原产地 Origin |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 应县Yingxian | YX | 山西Shanxi |
2 | 浑源Hunyuan | HY | 山西Shanxi |
3 | 太行草地早熟禾Taihang | TH | 山西Shanxi |
4 | Jackrabbit | Ja | 美国America |
5 | Merit | Me | 美国America |
6 | Park | Pa | 美国America |
图1 光学显微镜下草地早熟禾叶片上表皮结构1: 10 g·m-2 N (N1);2: 40 g·m-2 N (N2); lc: 长细胞Long cell; sc: 短细胞Short cell; st: 气孔Stoma; an: 垂周壁Anticlinal wall. 下同The same below.
Fig.1 Leaf upper epidermis structure of P. pratensis under light microscope
材料 Material | 处理 Treatment | 细胞长/宽Length/width of cell | 气孔长/宽Length/width of stoma | 气孔指数Stoma index (%) | 细胞密度Cell density (No.·mm-2) | 气孔密度Stoma density (No.·mm-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HY | N1 | 7.50±0.54Bc | 2.08±0.05Bc | 8.10±0.92Aab | 215.14±3.88Bcd | 18.92±2.09Ba |
N2 | 11.87±1.06Aab | 2.50±0.16Ac | 9.00±0.25Aa | 284.32±2.32Aa | 28.11±0.66Aa | |
Ja | N1 | 7.19±0.96Bc | 4.77±0.30Ba | 10.99±1.44Aa | 207.03±4.41Bd | 25.95±3.88Aa |
N2 | 12.22±0.66Aab | 3.19±0.25Abc | 5.62±0.80Bb | 289.19±2.70Aa | 17.30±2.65Ab | |
Me | N1 | 11.33±0.79Aab | 2.17±0.09Bc | 7.10±1.13Ab | 224.32±3.31Bc | 17.30±3.03Aa |
N2 | 8.49±1.30Ab | 4.32±0.16Aa | 7.07±0.47Aab | 262.70±3.35Ab | 20.00±1.38Ab | |
Pa | N1 | 9.08±0.49Abc | 2.91±0.21Ab | 8.78±0.46Aab | 247.03±2.20Ab | 23.78±1.32Aa |
N2 | 13.31±1.98Aa | 2.87±0.30Ac | 7.54±1.07Aab | 250.81±1.57Ac | 20.54±3.03Ab | |
TH | N1 | 12.92±1.07Aa | 3.16±0.28Ab | 9.13±1.78Aab | 214.59±6.54Acd | 21.62±4.36Aa |
N2 | 9.55±0.60Bab | 4.02±0.33Aa | 7.35±0.89Aab | 200.54±6.36Ae | 16.22±2.56Ab | |
YX | N1 | 11.16±2.21Aab | 3.01±0.31Ab | 2.20±0.37Ac | 264.86±4.10Aa | 5.95±1.01Ab |
N2 | 10.85±1.17Aab | 3.65±0.14Aab | 1.62±0.84Ac | 216.22±5.06Bd | 3.78±2.02Ac |
表2 不同施氮水平下各草地早熟禾材料叶片上表皮结构特征参数
Table 2 Parameters of leaf upper epidermis structure characteristic of P. pratensis under different nitrogen application levels
材料 Material | 处理 Treatment | 细胞长/宽Length/width of cell | 气孔长/宽Length/width of stoma | 气孔指数Stoma index (%) | 细胞密度Cell density (No.·mm-2) | 气孔密度Stoma density (No.·mm-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HY | N1 | 7.50±0.54Bc | 2.08±0.05Bc | 8.10±0.92Aab | 215.14±3.88Bcd | 18.92±2.09Ba |
N2 | 11.87±1.06Aab | 2.50±0.16Ac | 9.00±0.25Aa | 284.32±2.32Aa | 28.11±0.66Aa | |
Ja | N1 | 7.19±0.96Bc | 4.77±0.30Ba | 10.99±1.44Aa | 207.03±4.41Bd | 25.95±3.88Aa |
N2 | 12.22±0.66Aab | 3.19±0.25Abc | 5.62±0.80Bb | 289.19±2.70Aa | 17.30±2.65Ab | |
Me | N1 | 11.33±0.79Aab | 2.17±0.09Bc | 7.10±1.13Ab | 224.32±3.31Bc | 17.30±3.03Aa |
N2 | 8.49±1.30Ab | 4.32±0.16Aa | 7.07±0.47Aab | 262.70±3.35Ab | 20.00±1.38Ab | |
Pa | N1 | 9.08±0.49Abc | 2.91±0.21Ab | 8.78±0.46Aab | 247.03±2.20Ab | 23.78±1.32Aa |
N2 | 13.31±1.98Aa | 2.87±0.30Ac | 7.54±1.07Aab | 250.81±1.57Ac | 20.54±3.03Ab | |
TH | N1 | 12.92±1.07Aa | 3.16±0.28Ab | 9.13±1.78Aab | 214.59±6.54Acd | 21.62±4.36Aa |
N2 | 9.55±0.60Bab | 4.02±0.33Aa | 7.35±0.89Aab | 200.54±6.36Ae | 16.22±2.56Ab | |
YX | N1 | 11.16±2.21Aab | 3.01±0.31Ab | 2.20±0.37Ac | 264.86±4.10Aa | 5.95±1.01Ab |
N2 | 10.85±1.17Aab | 3.65±0.14Aab | 1.62±0.84Ac | 216.22±5.06Bd | 3.78±2.02Ac |
材料 Material | 处理 Treatment | 细胞长/宽Length/width of cell | 气孔长/宽Length/width of stoma | 气孔指数 Stoma index (%) | 细胞密度Cell density (No.·mm-2) | 气孔密度Stoma density (No.·mm-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HY | N1 | 6.08±0.27Aa | 2.98±0.14Aa | 29.28±0.79Aa | 391.35±3.01Aa | 162.16±5.34Aa |
N2 | 6.17±0.30Aa | 3.37±0.66Aa | 25.91±0.38Bc | 384.86±6.76Aa | 134.59±3.35Bc | |
Ja | N1 | 6.62±0.65Aa | 3.12±0.24Aa | 29.58±0.50Aa | 326.49±11.19Ab | 137.30±6.01Ab |
N2 | 5.86±0.63Aa | 3.52±0.40Aa | 26.66±0.46Bbc | 312.97±8.48Ad | 114.05±5.30Be | |
Me | N1 | 6.35±0.43Aa | 2.95±0.18Aa | 24.16±0.92Bc | 294.05±7.22Ac | 93.51±2.91Be |
N2 | 5.47±0.57Aa | 3.38±0.21Aa | 28.05±0.39Ab | 306.49±2.02Ad | 119.46±1.58Ae | |
Pa | N1 | 6.04±0.38Aa | 2.98±0.23Aa | 29.66±0.49Aa | 293.51±2.91Bc | 123.78±2.16Bc |
N2 | 5.78±0.79Aa | 3.59±0.27Aa | 28.37±1.02Ab | 361.62±5.82Ab | 143.24±5.41Abc | |
TH | N1 | 6.81±1.13Aa | 3.27±0.49Aa | 26.68±0.76Bb | 317.30±6.59Ab | 115.68±5.43Bcd |
N2 | 5.82±0.55Aa | 3.04±0.30Aa | 30.93±0.17Aa | 331.89±2.33Ac | 148.65±1.91Ab | |
YX | N1 | 7.27±0.68Aa | 3.34±0.18Aa | 25.33±0.44Bbc | 314.05±5.43Bb | 106.49±2.02Bd |
N2 | 5.82±0.84Aa | 3.35±0.41Aa | 30.46±0.54Aa | 369.19±5.03Aab | 161.62±2.33Aa |
表3 不同施氮水平下各草地早熟禾材料叶片下表皮结构参数
Table 3 Parameters of leaf lower epidermis structure characteristic of P. pratensis under different nitrogen application levels
材料 Material | 处理 Treatment | 细胞长/宽Length/width of cell | 气孔长/宽Length/width of stoma | 气孔指数 Stoma index (%) | 细胞密度Cell density (No.·mm-2) | 气孔密度Stoma density (No.·mm-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HY | N1 | 6.08±0.27Aa | 2.98±0.14Aa | 29.28±0.79Aa | 391.35±3.01Aa | 162.16±5.34Aa |
N2 | 6.17±0.30Aa | 3.37±0.66Aa | 25.91±0.38Bc | 384.86±6.76Aa | 134.59±3.35Bc | |
Ja | N1 | 6.62±0.65Aa | 3.12±0.24Aa | 29.58±0.50Aa | 326.49±11.19Ab | 137.30±6.01Ab |
N2 | 5.86±0.63Aa | 3.52±0.40Aa | 26.66±0.46Bbc | 312.97±8.48Ad | 114.05±5.30Be | |
Me | N1 | 6.35±0.43Aa | 2.95±0.18Aa | 24.16±0.92Bc | 294.05±7.22Ac | 93.51±2.91Be |
N2 | 5.47±0.57Aa | 3.38±0.21Aa | 28.05±0.39Ab | 306.49±2.02Ad | 119.46±1.58Ae | |
Pa | N1 | 6.04±0.38Aa | 2.98±0.23Aa | 29.66±0.49Aa | 293.51±2.91Bc | 123.78±2.16Bc |
N2 | 5.78±0.79Aa | 3.59±0.27Aa | 28.37±1.02Ab | 361.62±5.82Ab | 143.24±5.41Abc | |
TH | N1 | 6.81±1.13Aa | 3.27±0.49Aa | 26.68±0.76Bb | 317.30±6.59Ab | 115.68±5.43Bcd |
N2 | 5.82±0.55Aa | 3.04±0.30Aa | 30.93±0.17Aa | 331.89±2.33Ac | 148.65±1.91Ab | |
YX | N1 | 7.27±0.68Aa | 3.34±0.18Aa | 25.33±0.44Bbc | 314.05±5.43Bb | 106.49±2.02Bd |
N2 | 5.82±0.84Aa | 3.35±0.41Aa | 30.46±0.54Aa | 369.19±5.03Aab | 161.62±2.33Aa |
图3 光学显微镜下草地早熟禾叶片解剖结构vas: 维管束Vascular bundle; ue: 上表皮Upper epidermal; le: 下表皮Lower epidermal; scl: 厚壁组织Sclerenchyma; bu: 泡状细胞Bulliform cell; v: 叶脉Vein.
Fig.3 Leaf anatomical structure of P. pratensis under light microscope
材料 Material | 处理 Treatment | 上表皮厚度 Upper epidermal thickness (μm) | 下表皮厚度 Lower epidermal thickness (μm) | 叶片厚度 Leaf thickness (μm) | 厚壁组织厚度 Sclerenchyma thickness (μm) | 维管束面积 Vascular bundle area (μm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HY | N1 | 18.28±0.66Bab | 12.19±0.36Bc | 113.41±1.59Bb | 33.70±2.66Bbc | 698.77±22.49Ac |
N2 | 21.15±0.47Abc | 15.88±0.57Abc | 120.63±1.02Ad | 40.98±0.51Ab | 875.08±26.80Ad | |
Ja | N1 | 20.16±0.93Ba | 15.82±0.65Aa | 128.74±2.45Ba | 36.22±1.90Bab | 1144.53±180.35Bab |
N2 | 28.94±0.46Aa | 17.30±0.66Aab | 143.07±0.85Ab | 48.66±0.68Aa | 1937.73±22.62Aa | |
Me | N1 | 16.62±0.65Abc | 12.94±0.78Bbc | 133.42±2.80Aa | 30.02±2.85Bab | 1160.42±168.94Aab |
N2 | 18.94±0.70Ac | 19.71±1.32Aa | 135.34±3.25Ac | 40.44±3.05Ab | 1681.60±116.82Aab | |
Pa | N1 | 15.40±1.08Bc | 14.86±0.86Aab | 130.37±1.88Ba | 27.47±2.22Ab | 1036.54±161.04Abc |
N2 | 22.44±1.49Ab | 17.07±1.14Aab | 173.39±3.53Aa | 29.58±1.02Ad | 1201.19±177.99Ac | |
TH | N1 | 16.76±0.54Bbc | 13.52±0.96Aabc | 117.19±2.99Bb | 33.08±0.77Aab | 1456.32±63.85Aa |
N2 | 23.46±1.05Ab | 14.10±1.00Acd | 132.75±2.30Ac | 41.09±0.86Ab | 1468.53±31.45Abc | |
YX | N1 | 19.57±0.45Aa | 12.51±1.01Abc | 102.86±0.81Bc | 31.21±0.72Aab | 1370.31±33.41Bab |
N2 | 19.96±0.56Ac | 12.56±0.71Ad | 110.64±0.74Ae | 34.56±0.30Ac | 1513.25±45.43Ab |
表4 不同施氮水平下各草地早熟禾材料叶片解剖结构特征参数
Table 4 Parameters of leaf anatomical structure characteristic of P. pratensis under different nitrogen application levels
材料 Material | 处理 Treatment | 上表皮厚度 Upper epidermal thickness (μm) | 下表皮厚度 Lower epidermal thickness (μm) | 叶片厚度 Leaf thickness (μm) | 厚壁组织厚度 Sclerenchyma thickness (μm) | 维管束面积 Vascular bundle area (μm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HY | N1 | 18.28±0.66Bab | 12.19±0.36Bc | 113.41±1.59Bb | 33.70±2.66Bbc | 698.77±22.49Ac |
N2 | 21.15±0.47Abc | 15.88±0.57Abc | 120.63±1.02Ad | 40.98±0.51Ab | 875.08±26.80Ad | |
Ja | N1 | 20.16±0.93Ba | 15.82±0.65Aa | 128.74±2.45Ba | 36.22±1.90Bab | 1144.53±180.35Bab |
N2 | 28.94±0.46Aa | 17.30±0.66Aab | 143.07±0.85Ab | 48.66±0.68Aa | 1937.73±22.62Aa | |
Me | N1 | 16.62±0.65Abc | 12.94±0.78Bbc | 133.42±2.80Aa | 30.02±2.85Bab | 1160.42±168.94Aab |
N2 | 18.94±0.70Ac | 19.71±1.32Aa | 135.34±3.25Ac | 40.44±3.05Ab | 1681.60±116.82Aab | |
Pa | N1 | 15.40±1.08Bc | 14.86±0.86Aab | 130.37±1.88Ba | 27.47±2.22Ab | 1036.54±161.04Abc |
N2 | 22.44±1.49Ab | 17.07±1.14Aab | 173.39±3.53Aa | 29.58±1.02Ad | 1201.19±177.99Ac | |
TH | N1 | 16.76±0.54Bbc | 13.52±0.96Aabc | 117.19±2.99Bb | 33.08±0.77Aab | 1456.32±63.85Aa |
N2 | 23.46±1.05Ab | 14.10±1.00Acd | 132.75±2.30Ac | 41.09±0.86Ab | 1468.53±31.45Abc | |
YX | N1 | 19.57±0.45Aa | 12.51±1.01Abc | 102.86±0.81Bc | 31.21±0.72Aab | 1370.31±33.41Bab |
N2 | 19.96±0.56Ac | 12.56±0.71Ad | 110.64±0.74Ae | 34.56±0.30Ac | 1513.25±45.43Ab |
图4 施氮量对草地早熟禾叶片气孔导度和净光合速率的影响不同小写字母表示同一施氮量不同材料之间差异显著,不同大写字母表示同一材料不同施氮量之间差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different materials at the same nitrogen rate, different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between different nitrogen rates for the same material (P<0.05).
Fig.4 Effects of nitrogen application rate on stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate of P. pratensis
指标Index | Ulwc | Ulws | Usi | Ucd | Usd | Llwc | Llws | Lsi | Lcd | Lsd | Uet | Let | Lt | St | Vba | Pn | Nar | Ma |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ulwc | 0.19 | 0.20 | ||||||||||||||||
Ulws | -0.26* | 0.22 | 0.19 | |||||||||||||||
Usi | -0.03 | 0.01 | -0.21 | -0.48** | ||||||||||||||
Ucd | 0.23 | -0.20 | -0.15 | 0.36** | -0.26* | |||||||||||||
Usd | 0.05 | -0.06 | 0.96** | 0.10 | -0.07 | -0.55** | ||||||||||||
Llwc | 0.17 | -0.04 | 0.01 | -0.02 | -0.01 | -0.26* | 0.08 | |||||||||||
Llws | 0.10 | 0.08 | -0.24 | 0.22 | -0.17 | 0.05 | 0.19 | 0.03 | ||||||||||
Lsi | -0.36** | 0.34** | 0.05 | -0.43** | -0.04 | -0.22 | -0.04 | 0.20 | 0.13 | |||||||||
Lcd | 0.02 | -0.25 | -0.03 | -0.05 | -0.01 | -0.06 | 0.01 | 0.17 | 0.31* | -0.26* | ||||||||
Lsd | -0.25 | 0.07 | -0.01 | -0.36** | -0.07 | -0.19 | -0.03 | 0.80** | 0.73** | 0.31* | -0.06 | |||||||
Uet | 0.20 | 0.18 | -0.17 | 0.35** | -0.10 | -0.08 | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.59** | -0.15 | ||||||
Let | 0.01 | 0.25 | 0.13 | 0.43** | 0.25 | -0.24 | 0.16 | 0.11 | -0.11 | -0.02 | 0.31* | 0.43** | -0.28* | |||||
Lt | 0.18 | 0.05 | 0.25 | 0.19 | 0.30* | -0.17 | 0.10 | 0.03 | -0.10 | -0.05 | 0.33** | 0.45** | 0.40** | -0.18 | ||||
St | 0.05 | 0.23 | -0.04 | 0.31* | 0.03 | -0.10 | 0.18 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.62** | 0.39** | 0.03 | 0.53** | -0.32* | |||
Vba | 0.21 | 0.36** | -0.28* | 0.18 | -0.26* | 0.05 | 0.20 | -0.03 | -0.38** | -0.26* | 0.42** | 0.25 | 0.11 | 0.44** | 0.38** | 0.34** | ||
Pn | 0.04 | 0.19 | -0.15 | 0.17 | -0.08 | -0.16 | 0.04 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.23 | 0.31* | 0.38** | 0.11 | 0.43** | 0.41** | 0.77** | 0.13 | |
Gs | -0.07 | 0.13 | -0.10 | 0.06 | -0.05 | -0.18 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.17 | -0.04 | 0.34** | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.16 | 0.73** | 0.57** | 0.20 |
表5 草地早熟禾叶片各项指标间相关系数及施氮量和材料的影响效应分析
Table 5 Correlation coefficient among leaf indexes of P. pratensis and the effects of nitrogen application rate and materials
指标Index | Ulwc | Ulws | Usi | Ucd | Usd | Llwc | Llws | Lsi | Lcd | Lsd | Uet | Let | Lt | St | Vba | Pn | Nar | Ma |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ulwc | 0.19 | 0.20 | ||||||||||||||||
Ulws | -0.26* | 0.22 | 0.19 | |||||||||||||||
Usi | -0.03 | 0.01 | -0.21 | -0.48** | ||||||||||||||
Ucd | 0.23 | -0.20 | -0.15 | 0.36** | -0.26* | |||||||||||||
Usd | 0.05 | -0.06 | 0.96** | 0.10 | -0.07 | -0.55** | ||||||||||||
Llwc | 0.17 | -0.04 | 0.01 | -0.02 | -0.01 | -0.26* | 0.08 | |||||||||||
Llws | 0.10 | 0.08 | -0.24 | 0.22 | -0.17 | 0.05 | 0.19 | 0.03 | ||||||||||
Lsi | -0.36** | 0.34** | 0.05 | -0.43** | -0.04 | -0.22 | -0.04 | 0.20 | 0.13 | |||||||||
Lcd | 0.02 | -0.25 | -0.03 | -0.05 | -0.01 | -0.06 | 0.01 | 0.17 | 0.31* | -0.26* | ||||||||
Lsd | -0.25 | 0.07 | -0.01 | -0.36** | -0.07 | -0.19 | -0.03 | 0.80** | 0.73** | 0.31* | -0.06 | |||||||
Uet | 0.20 | 0.18 | -0.17 | 0.35** | -0.10 | -0.08 | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.59** | -0.15 | ||||||
Let | 0.01 | 0.25 | 0.13 | 0.43** | 0.25 | -0.24 | 0.16 | 0.11 | -0.11 | -0.02 | 0.31* | 0.43** | -0.28* | |||||
Lt | 0.18 | 0.05 | 0.25 | 0.19 | 0.30* | -0.17 | 0.10 | 0.03 | -0.10 | -0.05 | 0.33** | 0.45** | 0.40** | -0.18 | ||||
St | 0.05 | 0.23 | -0.04 | 0.31* | 0.03 | -0.10 | 0.18 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.62** | 0.39** | 0.03 | 0.53** | -0.32* | |||
Vba | 0.21 | 0.36** | -0.28* | 0.18 | -0.26* | 0.05 | 0.20 | -0.03 | -0.38** | -0.26* | 0.42** | 0.25 | 0.11 | 0.44** | 0.38** | 0.34** | ||
Pn | 0.04 | 0.19 | -0.15 | 0.17 | -0.08 | -0.16 | 0.04 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.23 | 0.31* | 0.38** | 0.11 | 0.43** | 0.41** | 0.77** | 0.13 | |
Gs | -0.07 | 0.13 | -0.10 | 0.06 | -0.05 | -0.18 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.17 | -0.04 | 0.34** | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.16 | 0.73** | 0.57** | 0.20 |
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