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草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (10): 71-81.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022489

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同水分条件下缓释氮肥对饲用甜高粱生长和水氮利用效率的影响

马仁诗1,2(), 蒋丛泽1,2, 高玮1,2, 李中利1,2, 沈禹颖1,2, 杨宪龙1,2()   

  1. 1.兰州大学草地农业科技学院,兰州大学草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730020
    2.甘肃庆阳草地农业生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,甘肃 庆阳 745004
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-14 修回日期:2023-02-27 出版日期:2023-10-20 发布日期:2023-07-26
  • 通讯作者: 杨宪龙
  • 作者简介:E-mail: yangxianl@lzu.edu.cn
    马仁诗(1997-),女,重庆人,在读硕士。E-mail: marsh21@lzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFD1100501);国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-34);甘肃省自然科学基金(21JR7RA488);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(lzujbky-2021-14)

Effects of slow-release N fertilizer on growth and water- and N- use efficiencies of forage sweet sorghum under three different irrigation regimes

Ren-shi MA1,2(), Cong-ze JIANG1,2, Wei GAO1,2, Zhong-li LI1,2, Yu-ying SHEN1,2, Xian-long YANG1,2()   

  1. 1.College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China
    2.National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Grassland Agro-ecosystems in Gansu Qingyang,Qingyang 745004,China
  • Received:2022-12-14 Revised:2023-02-27 Online:2023-10-20 Published:2023-07-26
  • Contact: Xian-long YANG

摘要:

为探究饲用甜高粱节水丰产的灌溉与施氮栽培模式,采用温室自动称重式蒸渗仪研究了3个灌溉量[灌溉保持土壤水分为田间持水量的30%~50%(I1)、50%~70%(I2)、70%~90%(I3)]和3个施氮模式[常规尿素施氮(以纯N计,下同)200 kg·hm-2(U200)、包膜尿素施氮160 kg·hm-2(CU160)、包膜尿素施氮120 kg·hm-2(CU120)]对饲用甜高粱生长、干物质产量、耗水规律及水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明,增加灌溉量显著促进了饲用甜高粱株高、茎粗的生长和单株总叶面积的增加,与I1相比,I2、I3下株高平均值分别提高了9.5%、15.4%,茎粗分别提高了2.4%、27.6%,单株总叶面积分别提高了32.0%、76.0%。同一施氮模式下,饲用甜高粱茎、叶、地上部整株的鲜质量、干质量及茎叶比均随灌水量的增加而显著增大。与I1相比,I2、I3下整株鲜质量平均值分别显著提高了61.7%、187.4%,整株干质量分别显著提高了55.7%、129.8%。施氮模式显著影响茎、叶、地上部整株的鲜质量和干质量。与U200相比,CU160下整株鲜重、干重平均值分别提高了13.9%、22.8%。随着灌溉量的增加,饲用甜高粱单株耗水量及水氮利用效率显著增加。与I1相比,I2、I3下累积耗水量平均值分别显著提高了52.1%、108.4%,干物质水分利用效率分别提高了2.6%、11.3%,氮肥偏生产力分别提高了51.9%、128.3%。施氮模式显著影响水氮利用效率,与U200相比,CU160下干物质水分利用效率提高了22.4%,CU160、CU120下氮肥偏生产力分别提高了53.5%、80.0%。因此,适度灌溉并采用缓释肥减施氮素显著促进了甜高粱植株干物质量的积累和水氮利用效率的提升。

关键词: 饲用甜高粱, 灌溉量, 缓释氮肥, 生长特性, 耗水量, 水氮利用效率

Abstract:

To investigate the water-saving and high-yield cultivation conditions for forage sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), an auto-weighed lysimeter experiment under greenhouse conditions was conducted to determine the effects of different water and nitrogen (N) supply conditions on growth, yield, and water- and N- use efficiencies of forage sweet sorghum. Three irrigation and three N fertilization regimes were tested in this study: maintaining soil moisture content at 30%-50% (I1), 50%-70% (I2), and 70%-90% (I3) of field capacity, and using conventional urea at 200 kg·ha-1 elemental N (U200), coated urea at 160 kg·ha-1 elemental N (CU160), and coated urea at 120 kg·ha-1 elemental N (CU120). It was found that increasing the irrigation amount significantly promoted plant height and stem diameter, and increased the total leaf area per plant. Compared with I1, I2 and I3 increased the plant height by 9.5% and 15.4%, and increased the stem diameter by 2.4% and 27.6%, and increased the total leaf area per plant by 32.0% and 76.0%, respectively. With increase in the irrigation level, the fresh and dry weight of stems, leaves, and of the whole plant were increased significantly, as well as the stem-leaf ratio. Compared with I1, I2 and I3 increased the whole plant fresh weight by 61.7% and 187.4%, and the dry weight by 55.7% and 129.8%, respectively. The N fertilization regimes also significantly affected the fresh and dry weight of stems, leaves and the whole plant. Compared with U200, CU160 increased the whole plant fresh weight by 13.9%, and increased the dry weight by 22.8%, respectively. The cumulative water consumption per plant and water- and N- use efficiencies increased significantly with increase in irrigation level. Compared with I1, I2 and I3 increased water consumption by 52.1% and 108.4%, and increased the dry matter water use efficiency by 2.6% and 11.3%, and increased partial-factor productivity by 51.9% and 128.3%, respectively. The N fertilization methods significantly affected water- and N- use efficiencies. Compared with U200, CU160 increased the dry matter water use efficiency by 22.4%, while CU160 and CU120 increased the partial-factor productivity by 53.5% and 80.0%, respectively. Therefore, moderate irrigation and use of slow-release fertilizer with at a lower N application rate significantly promoted the efficient production of forage sweet sorghum plants, and enhanced water- and N- use efficiencies, compared with the I3-U200 treatment combination.

Key words: forage sweet sorghum, irrigation amount, slow-release N fertilizer, growth characteristics, water consumption, water- and N- use efficiencies