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草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 155-164.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023266

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

两栖植物香附子的解剖结构和组织化学研究

郑海1(), 王莹2, 徐娟1, 朱婷婷1, 秦格格1, 周存宇1, 杨朝东1, 谭德宝2, 张霞1, 魏红波1()   

  1. 1.长江大学园艺园林学院,湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心,湖北 荆州 434025
    2.长江水利委员会长江科学院,湖北 武汉 430010
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-25 修回日期:2023-09-25 出版日期:2024-06-20 发布日期:2024-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 魏红波
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 524392976@qq.com
    郑海(1996-),男,四川宜宾人,在读硕士。E-mail: indigoelf@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    长江水利委员会三峡后续项目(102126222020270019081)

Anatomical and histochemical features of amphibious Cyperus rotundus

Hai ZHENG1(), Ying WANG2, Juan XU1, Ting-ting ZHU1, Ge-ge QIN1, Cun-yu ZHOU1, Chao-dong YANG1, De-bao TAN2, Xia ZHANG1, Hong-bo WEI1()   

  1. 1.Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland,Ministry of Education,College of Horticulture and Garden,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China
    2.Changjiang Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China
  • Received:2023-07-25 Revised:2023-09-25 Online:2024-06-20 Published:2024-03-20
  • Contact: Hong-bo WEI

摘要:

以分布在三峡水库消落区和江汉平原河漫滩香附子营养器官为试验材料,采用解剖镜下切片法、组织化学研究方法、光学和荧光显微镜下观察拍照记录试验结果,研究其叶、直立茎、根状茎、块茎和不定根适应两栖环境的解剖结构与组织化学特征。结果表明:1)香附子具有适应两栖环境的气腔和质外体屏障等典型结构特征,其中气腔包含根、根状茎及叶的溶生性通气组织和茎的裂生性通气组织;质外体屏障包括内皮层、外皮层、栓质化中柱和维管束鞘细胞等。2)香附子的不定根和茎具有栓质化中柱和维管束;叶片和茎的花环结构由内侧维管束鞘、中间维管束鞘和薄壁细胞维管束鞘3层组成。3)香附子的质外体屏障可能有助于香附子在淹没缺氧下保持氧气流通,同时控制水、离子与环境交换,气腔有利于保存和输送有氧呼吸所必需的氧气。香附子适应淹没-陆生两栖转换环境的结构特征表明其是长江流域生态恢复的重要植物资源。

关键词: 香附子, 解剖结构, 两栖植物, 组织化学, 质外体屏障

Abstract:

This research studied the vegetative organs of Cyperus rotundus distributed in the drawdown zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir and Jianghan Floodplain along the Yangtze River. In this study samples were sectioned under an anatomical microscope and we used histochemical, optical and fluorescence microscopy methods to observe, photograph and record the anatomical structure and histochemical characteristics of leaves, erect stems, rhizomes, tubers and adventitious roots of C. rotundus adapted to amphibious environment. It was found that: 1) C.s rotundus has typical characteristics for adaption to an amphibious environment, including tissue air cavities and an apoplastic barrier in roots. Air cavities were observed in the lysed aerenchyma in the adventitious roots, rhizomes and leaves and schizogenous aerenchyma in erect stems. The apoplastic barrier included endodermis, exodermis, suberized stele and vascular bundle sheaths. 2) The adventitious roots of C. rotundus have a suberized stele, while stems have suberized vascular bundles, and the Kranz anatomy of leaves and erect stems consists of three layers: inner sheaths, mestome sheaths and parenchymatous sheaths. 3) The apoplastic barrier of C. rotundus may help to retain oxygen and control the exchange of water and ions between the environment and plant tissues under submersion. The air cavities are conducive to the preservation and transport of oxygen for aerobic metabolism. The adaptation of C. rotundus to submerged terrestrial environments indicates that it is likely to be an important species for ecological restoration of the Yangtze River.

Key words: Cyperus rotundus, anatomical structure, amphibious, histochemical features, apoplastic barrier