草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 160-171.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023438
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
张鹤山1(), 陆姣云1, 朱伟2, 田宏1, 熊军波1, 吴新江1, 刘洋1()
收稿日期:
2023-11-17
修回日期:
2023-12-15
出版日期:
2024-07-20
发布日期:
2024-04-08
通讯作者:
刘洋
作者简介:
E-mail: liuyang430209@163.com基金资助:
He-shan ZHANG1(), Jiao-yun LU1, Wei ZHU2, Hong TIAN1, Jun-bo XIONG1, Xin-jiang WU1, Yang LIU1()
Received:
2023-11-17
Revised:
2023-12-15
Online:
2024-07-20
Published:
2024-04-08
Contact:
Yang LIU
摘要:
离子注入技术是创制植物新种质的有效手段。为探究离子注入红三叶的诱变效应,以不同注入能量和剂量的N+(能量30或50 keV,剂量5×1014或5×1015 ions·cm-2,分别记为N3014、N3015、N5014、N5015)和Ar+(能量30或50 keV,剂量5×1014 ions·cm-2,分别记为Ar3014和Ar5014)注入“鄂牧5号”红三叶种子,研究种子诱变后的萌发特征和生物学特性,并通过株高、单株分枝数、单株花序数、花序小花数、叶片长度、叶片宽度、花序长度以及花序宽度等农艺性状对诱变单株进行变异分析。结果表明,离子注入后红三叶种子表皮具有明显的“灼伤”现象,种皮颜色变成黑褐色。相比于对照,Ar3014处理下发芽率指标值略有提高,处理N3014和N3015的发芽率指标值略有降低,但与对照均差异不显著。N5014处理显著降低了种子发芽率(P<0.05),比对照低约10%,处理N5015和Ar5014发芽率更是降低超过30%(P<0.05)。注入能量为30 keV的2个N+处理显著增加了胚根体积和胚根长度(P<0.05)。经离子诱变的种子(M1代)种植后生产M2代种子,依次生产M3和M4代种子。M2代植株各性状平均值显著低于对照(P<0.05),但表现出更大的性状变异特征,为进一步筛选突变材料奠定基础。50 keV的N+和Ar+诱变处理具有更大的诱变效应,但主要是不利突变。红三叶适宜的N+诱变能量为30 keV,剂量为5×1014~5×1015 ions·cm-2。经过4个世代选育,获得8个性状稳定并具有潜在利用价值的M4代突变体材料,为红三叶诱变育种提供基础资料。
张鹤山, 陆姣云, 朱伟, 田宏, 熊军波, 吴新江, 刘洋. N+和Ar+注入红三叶种子的诱变效应研究[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(7): 160-171.
He-shan ZHANG, Jiao-yun LU, Wei ZHU, Hong TIAN, Jun-bo XIONG, Xin-jiang WU, Yang LIU. A study of the mutagenic effect in red clover induced by N+ and Ar+[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(7): 160-171.
图2 离子注入后红三叶种子表皮特征CK: 对照; N3014: N+注入,能量为30 keV, 剂量为5×1014 ions·cm-2; N3015: N+注入,能量为30 keV, 剂量为5×1015 ions·cm-2; N5014: N+注入,能量为50 keV, 剂量为5×1014 ions·cm-2; N5015: N+注入,能量为50 keV, 剂量为5×1015 ions·cm-2; Ar3014: Ar+注入,能量为30 keV, 剂量为5×1014 ions·cm-2; Ar5014: Ar+注入,能量为50 keV, 剂量为5×1014 ions·cm-2。下同。CK: Control; N3014: N+ ion implantation, 30 keV, 5×1014 ions·cm-2; N3015: N+ ion implantation, 30 keV, 5×1015 ions·cm-2; N5014: N+ ion implantation, 50 keV, 5×1014 ions·cm-2; N5015: N+ ion implantation, 50 keV, 5×1015 ions·cm-2; Ar3014: Ar+ ion implantation, 30 keV, 5×1014 ions·cm-2; Ar5014: Ar+ ion implantation, 50 keV, 5×1014 ions·cm-2. The same below.
Fig.2 Phenotypic characteristics of seeds of red clover after ion beam injection
图3 不同诱变处理下的M1代红三叶种子萌发特征不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。Different letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).
Fig.3 Germination characteristics of M1 progeny red clover under different mutagenic treatments
诱变处理 Mutagenic treatments | 播种期 Sowing date (日/月 Day/month) | 出苗期 Germination date (日/月 Day/month) | 分枝期 Branching date (日/月 Day/month) | 现蕾期 Flower bud date (日/月 Day/month) | 初花期 Early flowering date (日/月 Day/month) | 盛花期 Full bloom date (日/月 Day/month) | 结荚期 Pod bearing date (日/月 Day/month) | 种子成熟期Seed maturi ty date (日/月 Day/month) | 生育天数 Growth days (d) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 27/2 | 9/3 | 15/4 | 20/5 | 28/5 | 11/6 | 1/7 | 23/7 | 147 |
N3014 | 27/2 | 9/3 | 15/4 | 21/5 | 28/5 | 12/6 | 30/6 | 22/7 | 146 |
N3015 | 27/2 | 9/3 | 15/4 | 20/5 | 28/5 | 12/6 | 4/7 | 24/7 | 148 |
N5014 | 27/2 | 11/3 | 19/4 | 24/5 | 30/5 | 16/6 | 6/7 | 26/7 | 150 |
N5015 | 27/2 | 12/3 | 19/4 | 27/5 | 3/6 | 18/6 | 8/7 | 28/7 | 152 |
Ar3014 | 27/2 | 9/3 | 16/4 | 21/5 | 26/5 | 12/6 | 1/7 | 23/7 | 147 |
Ar5014 | 27/2 | 10/3 | 19/4 | 24/5 | 30/5 | 15/6 | 5/7 | 25/7 | 149 |
表1 不同诱变处理下M1代植株物候期
Table 1 Phenological period of M1 progeny plants under different mutagenic treatments
诱变处理 Mutagenic treatments | 播种期 Sowing date (日/月 Day/month) | 出苗期 Germination date (日/月 Day/month) | 分枝期 Branching date (日/月 Day/month) | 现蕾期 Flower bud date (日/月 Day/month) | 初花期 Early flowering date (日/月 Day/month) | 盛花期 Full bloom date (日/月 Day/month) | 结荚期 Pod bearing date (日/月 Day/month) | 种子成熟期Seed maturi ty date (日/月 Day/month) | 生育天数 Growth days (d) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 27/2 | 9/3 | 15/4 | 20/5 | 28/5 | 11/6 | 1/7 | 23/7 | 147 |
N3014 | 27/2 | 9/3 | 15/4 | 21/5 | 28/5 | 12/6 | 30/6 | 22/7 | 146 |
N3015 | 27/2 | 9/3 | 15/4 | 20/5 | 28/5 | 12/6 | 4/7 | 24/7 | 148 |
N5014 | 27/2 | 11/3 | 19/4 | 24/5 | 30/5 | 16/6 | 6/7 | 26/7 | 150 |
N5015 | 27/2 | 12/3 | 19/4 | 27/5 | 3/6 | 18/6 | 8/7 | 28/7 | 152 |
Ar3014 | 27/2 | 9/3 | 16/4 | 21/5 | 26/5 | 12/6 | 1/7 | 23/7 | 147 |
Ar5014 | 27/2 | 10/3 | 19/4 | 24/5 | 30/5 | 15/6 | 5/7 | 25/7 | 149 |
性状 Traits | 指标 Index | 诱变处理 Mutagenic treatments | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | N3014 | N3015 | N5014 | N5015 | Ar3014 | Ar5014 | ||
株高 Plant height | 最小值Min (cm) | 100.2 | 89.6 | 84.4 | 81.8 | 62.3 | 79.2 | 58.7 |
最大值Max (cm) | 126.0 | 132.5 | 133.0 | 124.2 | 116.0 | 128.0 | 110.4 | |
平均值Average (cm) | 107.5a | 105.7b | 105.6b | 104.0b | 99.1c | 104.2b | 88.7d | |
变异系数 CV (%) | 7.07e | 13.16d | 18.55b | 16.63c | 19.22b | 16.26c | 20.54a | |
单株分枝数 Branches number per plant | 最小值Min (branches·plant-1) | 12 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 11 | 8 |
最大值Max (branches·plant-1) | 15 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 15 | 15 | |
平均值Average (branches·plant-1) | 13.2a | 13.1ab | 12.5b | 12.6ab | 12.5b | 12.4b | 11.1c | |
变异系数 CV (%) | 6.08e | 12.97d | 16.00c | 15.91c | 18.92b | 18.95b | 21.15a | |
叶片长度 Leaf length | 最小值Min (cm) | 4.43 | 4.26 | 4.12 | 3.62 | 3.93 | 4.03 | 3.20 |
最大值Max (cm) | 4.97 | 4.83 | 5.02 | 5.06 | 4.80 | 5.10 | 4.82 | |
平均值Average (cm) | 4.62a | 4.58a | 4.53ab | 4.34c | 4.45bc | 4.56ab | 4.19d | |
变异系数 CV (%) | 3.96e | 4.12e | 7.25d | 9.58b | 7.06d | 7.71c | 12.72a | |
叶片宽度 Leaf width | 最小值Min (cm) | 2.33 | 2.10 | 2.28 | 2.24 | 2.19 | 2.10 | 2.16 |
最大值Max (cm) | 3.13 | 3.01 | 3.25 | 3.12 | 3.12 | 3.07 | 2.83 | |
平均值Average (cm) | 2.69a | 2.58b | 2.61b | 2.52cd | 2.51d | 2.57bc | 2.46e | |
变异系数 CV (%) | 8.84b | 8.66bc | 8.98b | 8.62bc | 10.68a | 10.66a | 8.28c | |
单株花序数 Inflorescence number per plant | 最小值Min (inflorescence·plant-1) | 100 | 90 | 87 | 72 | 65 | 83 | 61 |
最大值Max (inflorescence·plant-1) | 123 | 126 | 122 | 133 | 128 | 124 | 129 | |
平均值Average (inflorescence·plant-1) | 112.3a | 106.9b | 102.5c | 98.2d | 87.0e | 104.2c | 89.4e | |
变异系数 CV (%) | 6.12g | 10.67e | 9.36f | 17.67c | 23.53a | 11.62d | 20.89b | |
花序长度 Inflorescence length | 最小值Min (cm) | 2.39 | 2.20 | 2.10 | 2.00 | 1.72 | 1.93 | 1.89 |
最大值Max (cm) | 2.96 | 3.02 | 3.12 | 2.88 | 3.12 | 2.97 | 2.88 | |
平均值Average (cm) | 2.54ab | 2.52b | 2.42c | 2.49bc | 2.48bc | 2.60a | 2.28d | |
变异系数 CV (%) | 6.14e | 10.85cd | 10.57d | 10.53d | 15.17a | 12.93b | 11.19c | |
花序宽度 Inflorescence width | 最小值Min (cm) | 1.63 | 1.30 | 1.57 | 1.12 | 1.26 | 1.23 | 1.12 |
最大值Max (cm) | 2.06 | 2.22 | 2.20 | 1.99 | 1.98 | 2.19 | 2.27 | |
平均值Average (cm) | 1.87a | 1.77b | 1.80ab | 1.67c | 1.65c | 1.67c | 1.64c | |
变异系数 CV (%) | 8.51f | 12.73d | 10.70e | 13.12d | 14.84c | 18.60b | 21.55a | |
花序小花数 Flower number per inflorescence | 最小值Min (flower·inflorescence-1) | 102.0 | 94.0 | 100.0 | 84.0 | 81.0 | 109.3 | 86.0 |
最大值Max (flower·inflorescence-1) | 142.0 | 144.0 | 136.0 | 154.0 | 132.0 | 136.6 | 126.3 | |
平均值Average (flower·inflorescence-1) | 125.7a | 118.4b | 116.0b | 108.7c | 102.2d | 118.1b | 108.6c | |
变异系数 CV (%) | 9.90d | 13.17b | 10.10d | 18.18a | 13.84b | 6.89e | 11.91c | |
平均变异系数 Average CV (%) | 7.08e | 10.79d | 11.44d | 13.78b | 15.41a | 12.95c | 16.03a |
表2 不同诱变处理下M2代植株农艺性状变异
Table 2 Agronomic character variation of M2 progeny plants under different mutagenic treatments
性状 Traits | 指标 Index | 诱变处理 Mutagenic treatments | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | N3014 | N3015 | N5014 | N5015 | Ar3014 | Ar5014 | ||
株高 Plant height | 最小值Min (cm) | 100.2 | 89.6 | 84.4 | 81.8 | 62.3 | 79.2 | 58.7 |
最大值Max (cm) | 126.0 | 132.5 | 133.0 | 124.2 | 116.0 | 128.0 | 110.4 | |
平均值Average (cm) | 107.5a | 105.7b | 105.6b | 104.0b | 99.1c | 104.2b | 88.7d | |
变异系数 CV (%) | 7.07e | 13.16d | 18.55b | 16.63c | 19.22b | 16.26c | 20.54a | |
单株分枝数 Branches number per plant | 最小值Min (branches·plant-1) | 12 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 11 | 8 |
最大值Max (branches·plant-1) | 15 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 15 | 15 | |
平均值Average (branches·plant-1) | 13.2a | 13.1ab | 12.5b | 12.6ab | 12.5b | 12.4b | 11.1c | |
变异系数 CV (%) | 6.08e | 12.97d | 16.00c | 15.91c | 18.92b | 18.95b | 21.15a | |
叶片长度 Leaf length | 最小值Min (cm) | 4.43 | 4.26 | 4.12 | 3.62 | 3.93 | 4.03 | 3.20 |
最大值Max (cm) | 4.97 | 4.83 | 5.02 | 5.06 | 4.80 | 5.10 | 4.82 | |
平均值Average (cm) | 4.62a | 4.58a | 4.53ab | 4.34c | 4.45bc | 4.56ab | 4.19d | |
变异系数 CV (%) | 3.96e | 4.12e | 7.25d | 9.58b | 7.06d | 7.71c | 12.72a | |
叶片宽度 Leaf width | 最小值Min (cm) | 2.33 | 2.10 | 2.28 | 2.24 | 2.19 | 2.10 | 2.16 |
最大值Max (cm) | 3.13 | 3.01 | 3.25 | 3.12 | 3.12 | 3.07 | 2.83 | |
平均值Average (cm) | 2.69a | 2.58b | 2.61b | 2.52cd | 2.51d | 2.57bc | 2.46e | |
变异系数 CV (%) | 8.84b | 8.66bc | 8.98b | 8.62bc | 10.68a | 10.66a | 8.28c | |
单株花序数 Inflorescence number per plant | 最小值Min (inflorescence·plant-1) | 100 | 90 | 87 | 72 | 65 | 83 | 61 |
最大值Max (inflorescence·plant-1) | 123 | 126 | 122 | 133 | 128 | 124 | 129 | |
平均值Average (inflorescence·plant-1) | 112.3a | 106.9b | 102.5c | 98.2d | 87.0e | 104.2c | 89.4e | |
变异系数 CV (%) | 6.12g | 10.67e | 9.36f | 17.67c | 23.53a | 11.62d | 20.89b | |
花序长度 Inflorescence length | 最小值Min (cm) | 2.39 | 2.20 | 2.10 | 2.00 | 1.72 | 1.93 | 1.89 |
最大值Max (cm) | 2.96 | 3.02 | 3.12 | 2.88 | 3.12 | 2.97 | 2.88 | |
平均值Average (cm) | 2.54ab | 2.52b | 2.42c | 2.49bc | 2.48bc | 2.60a | 2.28d | |
变异系数 CV (%) | 6.14e | 10.85cd | 10.57d | 10.53d | 15.17a | 12.93b | 11.19c | |
花序宽度 Inflorescence width | 最小值Min (cm) | 1.63 | 1.30 | 1.57 | 1.12 | 1.26 | 1.23 | 1.12 |
最大值Max (cm) | 2.06 | 2.22 | 2.20 | 1.99 | 1.98 | 2.19 | 2.27 | |
平均值Average (cm) | 1.87a | 1.77b | 1.80ab | 1.67c | 1.65c | 1.67c | 1.64c | |
变异系数 CV (%) | 8.51f | 12.73d | 10.70e | 13.12d | 14.84c | 18.60b | 21.55a | |
花序小花数 Flower number per inflorescence | 最小值Min (flower·inflorescence-1) | 102.0 | 94.0 | 100.0 | 84.0 | 81.0 | 109.3 | 86.0 |
最大值Max (flower·inflorescence-1) | 142.0 | 144.0 | 136.0 | 154.0 | 132.0 | 136.6 | 126.3 | |
平均值Average (flower·inflorescence-1) | 125.7a | 118.4b | 116.0b | 108.7c | 102.2d | 118.1b | 108.6c | |
变异系数 CV (%) | 9.90d | 13.17b | 10.10d | 18.18a | 13.84b | 6.89e | 11.91c | |
平均变异系数 Average CV (%) | 7.08e | 10.79d | 11.44d | 13.78b | 15.41a | 12.95c | 16.03a |
诱变处理 Mutagenic treatments | 突变类型 Mutational types | 总突变数量 Total mutagenic plants | 调查数量 Total survey plants | 突变率 Mutagenic ratio (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
高大型 Higher plant type | 低矮型 Shorter plant type | 多花型 More flowers plant | 早熟型 Early maturity plant | 晚熟型 Late maturity plant | ||||
N3014 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 279 | 1.43 |
N3015 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 288 | 3.13 |
N5014 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 13 | 265 | 4.91 |
N5015 | 0 | 15 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 24 | 284 | 8.45 |
Ar3014 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 277 | 2.53 |
Ar5014 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 246 | 4.47 |
总计 Total | 6 | 35 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 68 | 1639 | 4.15 |
表 3 红三叶M2代主要突变类型统计
Table 3 Statistics of main mutation types in M2 progeny of red clover
诱变处理 Mutagenic treatments | 突变类型 Mutational types | 总突变数量 Total mutagenic plants | 调查数量 Total survey plants | 突变率 Mutagenic ratio (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
高大型 Higher plant type | 低矮型 Shorter plant type | 多花型 More flowers plant | 早熟型 Early maturity plant | 晚熟型 Late maturity plant | ||||
N3014 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 279 | 1.43 |
N3015 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 288 | 3.13 |
N5014 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 13 | 265 | 4.91 |
N5015 | 0 | 15 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 24 | 284 | 8.45 |
Ar3014 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 277 | 2.53 |
Ar5014 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 246 | 4.47 |
总计 Total | 6 | 35 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 68 | 1639 | 4.15 |
诱变处理 Mutagenic treatments | 性状 Traits | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
来源 Origin | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 单株分枝数 Branches number per plant (branches·plant-1) | 单株花序数 Inflorescence number per plant (inflorescence·plant-1) | 叶片长度 Leaf length (cm) | 叶片宽度 Leaf width (cm) | |
CK | / | 106.8±3.5c | 13.5±0.5abc | 109.2±7.5bcd | 4.63±0.10ab | 2.70±0.09bcd |
M-1 | N3014 | 124.6±6.7a | 14.3±0.9a | 124.3±7.8a | 4.81±0.16a | 2.81±0.11b |
M-2 | N3014 | 117.7±4.0ab | 13.5±0.4abc | 94.5±6.5e | 4.71±0.19ab | 3.01±0.12a |
M-3 | N3015 | 124.6±8.1a | 12.5±0.8cd | 114.9±6.7abc | 4.75±0.19ab | 2.72±0.17bc |
M-4 | N3015 | 116.7±5.0ab | 13.7±0.8abc | 119.7±6.4ab | 4.66±0.23ab | 2.45±0.10e |
M-5 | N3015 | 121.3±3.5a | 11.5±0.6d | 82.4±4.9f | 4.69±0.29ab | 2.77±0.09b |
M-6 | Ar3014 | 111.8±5.0bc | 13.8±0.6ab | 99.2±8.6de | 4.65±0.21ab | 2.55±0.11cde |
M-7 | N5014 | 103.2±4.5cd | 12.1±1.0d | 114.2±5.7abc | 4.57±0.28ab | 2.43±0.12e |
M-8 | N5014 | 96.1±5.0d | 12.6±0.4bcd | 102.1±7.2cde | 4.35±0.22b | 2.51±0.11de |
表4 突变材料M4代农艺性状特征
Table 4 Agronomic characteristics of M4 progeny mutant
诱变处理 Mutagenic treatments | 性状 Traits | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
来源 Origin | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 单株分枝数 Branches number per plant (branches·plant-1) | 单株花序数 Inflorescence number per plant (inflorescence·plant-1) | 叶片长度 Leaf length (cm) | 叶片宽度 Leaf width (cm) | |
CK | / | 106.8±3.5c | 13.5±0.5abc | 109.2±7.5bcd | 4.63±0.10ab | 2.70±0.09bcd |
M-1 | N3014 | 124.6±6.7a | 14.3±0.9a | 124.3±7.8a | 4.81±0.16a | 2.81±0.11b |
M-2 | N3014 | 117.7±4.0ab | 13.5±0.4abc | 94.5±6.5e | 4.71±0.19ab | 3.01±0.12a |
M-3 | N3015 | 124.6±8.1a | 12.5±0.8cd | 114.9±6.7abc | 4.75±0.19ab | 2.72±0.17bc |
M-4 | N3015 | 116.7±5.0ab | 13.7±0.8abc | 119.7±6.4ab | 4.66±0.23ab | 2.45±0.10e |
M-5 | N3015 | 121.3±3.5a | 11.5±0.6d | 82.4±4.9f | 4.69±0.29ab | 2.77±0.09b |
M-6 | Ar3014 | 111.8±5.0bc | 13.8±0.6ab | 99.2±8.6de | 4.65±0.21ab | 2.55±0.11cde |
M-7 | N5014 | 103.2±4.5cd | 12.1±1.0d | 114.2±5.7abc | 4.57±0.28ab | 2.43±0.12e |
M-8 | N5014 | 96.1±5.0d | 12.6±0.4bcd | 102.1±7.2cde | 4.35±0.22b | 2.51±0.11de |
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