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草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 46-57.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024055

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

施氮对高寒草地土壤团聚体生物胶结物质及稳定性的影响

田晴华(), 刘丹(), 廖小琴, 宋小艳, 胡雷, 王长庭   

  1. 西南民族大学青藏高原研究院,四川 成都 610041
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-26 修回日期:2024-04-08 出版日期:2024-11-20 发布日期:2024-09-09
  • 通讯作者: 刘丹
  • 作者简介:E-mail: liudan_ucas@163. com
    田晴华(1999-),女,山东梁山人,在读硕士。E-mail: tianqh0313@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32101348);西南民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费(ZYN2024079)

Effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil aggregate biological binding agents and stability in an alpine grassland

Qing-hua TIAN(), Dan LIU(), Xiao-qin LIAO, Xiao-yan SONG, Lei HU, Chang-ting WANG   

  1. Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China
  • Received:2024-02-26 Revised:2024-04-08 Online:2024-11-20 Published:2024-09-09
  • Contact: Dan LIU

摘要:

近年来,人类活动和气候变化影响使高寒草地土壤结构遭到破坏。土壤团聚体作为土壤的基本结构单元,其稳定性主要取决于生物胶结物质的含量。然而,草地土壤团聚体特征与生物胶结物质的关系研究较少。为了明确不同施氮量下土壤团聚体稳定性差异及其影响因素,以红原高寒草地为研究对象,采用随机区组设计7个氮添加[CO(NH22,46.7% N]梯度,分别为0、10、20、30、40、50、60 g·m-2(N0、N10、N20、N30、N40、N50、N60)。测定并分析了土壤团聚体组成差异及稳定性与生物胶结物质含量的关系。结果表明:1)高寒草地以2~4 mm的土壤团聚体为主,相对含量为34.22%。不同施氮梯度对土壤养分含量、团聚体的组成和稳定性影响显著(P<0.05)。2)不同施氮梯度下生物胶结物质[土壤孢子密度、菌丝密度、易提取球囊霉素(EEG)、难提取球囊霉素(DEG)及总球囊霉素(TG)]含量变化显著(P<0.05)。其中,孢子密度在N10下达到最高值,为72.33 ind·g-1、菌丝密度在N60下达到最低值,为0.48 m·g-1,TG在N60处理下达到最高值,为6.84 mg·g-1。3)相关分析表明,菌丝密度与2~4 mm土壤团聚体重量百分数稳定性显著正相关、与0.25~1.00 mm土壤团聚体重量百分数极显著负相关;0.25~1.00 mm土壤团聚体重量百分数与球囊霉素显著正相关。逐步回归分析发现,EEG是影响<0.25 mm土壤团聚体重量百分数变化的重要因子(R2=0.26)。通径分析表明,菌丝密度对平均质量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)有最大的直接正效应,为0.79、0.78。研究结果表明,施氮降低了高寒草地土壤团聚体的稳定性,菌丝密度和EEG对土壤团聚体组成及稳定性影响最为显著(P<0.05)。

关键词: 高寒草地, 施氮, 土壤团聚体, 生物胶结物质

Abstract:

In recent years, human activities and climate change have led to the deterioration of soil structure in alpine grasslands. Soil aggregates, as the fundamental structural units of soil, are mainly stabilized by the presence of biogenic substances. However, there is limited research on the relationship between soil aggregate characteristics and biogenic substances in grassland soils. In order to clarify the differences in soil aggregate biogenic substances and stability under different nitrogen application levels, the alpine grasslands of Hongyuan were studied. A randomized block design with seven nitrogen rates was employed, namely 0 (CK), 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 g·m-2 urea (46.7% N). The differences in soil aggregate composition and stability in relation to the content of biogenic substances were measured and analyzed. The results showed that: 1) Soil aggregates in alpine grasslands were mainly in the 2-4 mm size class, which accounted for 34.22% of the total. Different nitrogen rates significantly influenced soil nutrient content, aggregate composition, and stability (P<0.05). 2) The content of biogenic substances [soil spore density, hyphal density, easily extractable glomalin (EEG), difficult-to-extract glomalin (DEG), and total glomalin (TG)] varied significantly under different nitrogen rates (P<0.05). Specifically, the highest spore density value of 72.33 ind·g-1 occurred in N10, the lowest hyphal density value of 0.48 m·g-1 occurred in N60, and the highest TG value of 6.84 mg·g-1 occurred in N60. 3) Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between hyphal density and the percentage weight of 2-4 mm soil aggregates, and a highly significant negative correlation with the percentage weight of 0.25-1.00 mm soil aggregates. The percentage weight of 0.25-1.00 mm soil aggregates was significantly positively correlated with glomalin. Stepwise regression analysis identified EEG as an important factor influencing changes in the percentage weight of soil aggregates <0.25 mm (R2=0.26). Path analysis demonstrated that hyphal density had the largest direct positive effects on mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD), with values of 0.79 and 0.78 respectively. The study results indicate that nitrogen application reduces the stability of soil aggregates in alpine grasslands, with hyphal density and EEG having the most significant effects on soil aggregate composition and stability (P<0.05).

Key words: alpine grassland, nitrogen fertilization, soil aggregates, biological binding agents