不同退化程度高寒草甸土壤团聚体养分及生态化学计量特征研究

doi:10.11686/cyxb2022483

草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 48-60.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022483

不同退化程度高寒草甸土壤团聚体养分及生态化学计量特征研究

李林芝¹^,²(), 张德罡¹(), 马源³, 罗珠珠², 林栋¹, 海龙², 白兰鸽²

^1.甘肃农业大学草业学院，甘肃兰州 730070
^2.甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院，甘肃兰州 730070
^3.青海大学畜牧兽医科学院，青海西宁 810016

收稿日期:2022-12-13 修回日期:2023-01-10 出版日期:2023-08-20 发布日期:2023-06-16
通讯作者: 张德罡
作者简介:E-mail： zhangdg@gsau.edu.cn
李林芝（1983-），女，甘肃天水人，讲师，在读博士。E-mail： lilinzhi@gsau.edu.cn
基金资助:
甘肃省自然科学基金(21JR7RA826);国家自然科学基金(32260354)

Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of soil aggregates in alpine meadows with differing degrees of degradation

Lin-zhi LI¹^,²(), De-gang ZHANG¹(), Yuan MA³, Zhu-zhu LUO², Dong LIN¹, Long HAI², Lan-ge BAI²

^1.College of Pratacultural Science，Gansu Agricultural University，Lanzhou 730070，China
^2.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences，Gansu Agricultural University，Lanzhou 730070，China
^3.Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science，Qinghai University，Xining 810016，China

Received:2022-12-13 Revised:2023-01-10 Online:2023-08-20 Published:2023-06-16
Contact: De-gang ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤结构中养分的稳定性与高寒草甸生态系统的稳定息息相关，为阐明退化对高寒草甸土壤团聚体养分和生态化学计量特征的影响，在甘肃省天祝藏族自治县金强河流域设置未退化（ND）、轻度退化（LD）、中度退化（MD）和重度退化（SD）4个不同退化程度的高寒草甸，采用干筛法对0~30 cm土层土壤团聚体有机碳、全氮和全磷含量及生态化学计量分布特征进行研究。结果表明：高寒草甸土壤团聚体内有机碳、全氮含量随退化程度加剧呈先上升后降低的趋势，全磷含量随退化加剧呈“V”形分布，碳、氮、磷在0.25~0.50 mm粒级含量最高。草地退化使土壤团聚体C/N降低，C/P和N/P则随退化加剧呈先上升后下降趋势，土壤团聚体C/N、C/P和N/P均随土层加深而逐渐下降。统计分析表明土壤各粒级团聚体所占组分是影响团聚体养分含量的关键因素。从生态化学计量学角度分析，N和P是高寒草甸退化过程中的主要养分限制因子。

关键词: 高寒草甸, 退化程度, 土壤团聚体, 团聚体养分, 生态化学计量特征, 粒级

Abstract:

The stability of alpine meadow ecosystems is closely related to soil structural integrity and nutrient retention. This research sought to clarify the effects of degradation on soil nutrient status and nutrient stoichiometric changes of soil aggregates in alpine meadows with differing degrees of degradation. The research was conducted at the Jinqianghe alpine meadow in Tianzhu County， Gansu Province. Soils with four differing degrees of degradation were selected： No degradation （ND）， light degradation （LD）， moderate degradation （MD） and severe degradation （SD）. Soil samples from the 0-30 cm soil layer were used to study the soil aggregate nutrient status and stoichiometric changes in these four degradation categories by the dry-sieving method. It was found that the organic carbon and total nitrogen in soil aggregates in alpine meadow increased initially and then decreased with increasing degradation， while soil aggregate total phosphorus exhibited a ‘V’-shaped distribution with increasing degradation. The highest contents of organic carbon， total nitrogen and total phosphorus in soil aggregates were in peds 0.25-0.50 mm in size. The C∶N of soil aggregates decreased with increasing degradation. C∶P and N∶P of soil aggregates increased initially and then decreased with increasing degree of deterioration. C∶N， C∶P and N∶P of soil aggregates decreased gradually with increase in soil depth. The results reveal the distribution characteristics of soil aggregate nutrient content and ecological stoichiometry in soils with different degrees of degradation， and thus provide information relevant to the restoration and development of alpine meadow. The composition of soil aggregates is the key factor affecting the nutrient content of soil aggregates. From the perspective of ecological stoichiometry， N and P are the main nutrient limiting factors in the process of alpine meadow degradation.

Key words: alpine meadow, degree of degradation, soil aggregates, soil nutrients in aggregates, ecological stoichiometry, particle fraction

李林芝, 张德罡, 马源, 罗珠珠, 林栋, 海龙, 白兰鸽. 不同退化程度高寒草甸土壤团聚体养分及生态化学计量特征研究[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(8): 48-60.

Lin-zhi LI, De-gang ZHANG, Yuan MA, Zhu-zhu LUO, Dong LIN, Long HAI, Lan-ge BAI. Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of soil aggregates in alpine meadows with differing degrees of degradation[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(8): 48-60.

图/表 9

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退化程度 Degradation	海拔 Altitude （m）	纬度 Latitude	经度 Longitude	优势物种 Dominant species	植被盖度Vegetation coverage （%）
未退化Non degraded （ND）	3008.3	37°13′05″ N	102°44′11″ E	珠芽蓼、垂穗披碱草、线叶嵩草Polygonum viviparum，Elymus dahuricus，Kobresia capillifolia	98~100
轻度退化Light degraded （LD）	2940.0	37°11′58″ N	102°46′17″ E	线叶嵩草、矮生嵩草、扁蓿豆K. capillifolia，Kobresia humilus，Trigonella ruthenica	82~85
中度退化Moderate degraded （MD）	2869.8	37°11′42″ N	102°47′01″ E	矮生嵩草、线叶嵩草、扁蓿豆K. humilus，K. capillifolia，T. ruthenica	70~78
重度退化Severely degraded （SD）	2893.6	37°12′05″ N	102°45′59″ E	乳白香青、矮生嵩草Anaphalis lacteal，K. humilus	32~38

退化程度 Degradation	海拔 Altitude （m）	纬度 Latitude	经度 Longitude	优势物种 Dominant species	植被盖度Vegetation coverage （%）
未退化Non degraded （ND）	3008.3	37°13′05″ N	102°44′11″ E	珠芽蓼、垂穗披碱草、线叶嵩草Polygonum viviparum，Elymus dahuricus，Kobresia capillifolia	98~100
轻度退化Light degraded （LD）	2940.0	37°11′58″ N	102°46′17″ E	线叶嵩草、矮生嵩草、扁蓿豆K. capillifolia，Kobresia humilus，Trigonella ruthenica	82~85
中度退化Moderate degraded （MD）	2869.8	37°11′42″ N	102°47′01″ E	矮生嵩草、线叶嵩草、扁蓿豆K. humilus，K. capillifolia，T. ruthenica	70~78
重度退化Severely degraded （SD）	2893.6	37°12′05″ N	102°45′59″ E	乳白香青、矮生嵩草Anaphalis lacteal，K. humilus	32~38

土层 Soil depth	处理 Treatment	粒级Aggregate size
土层 Soil depth	处理 Treatment	>5 mm	2~5 mm	1~2 mm	0.5~1.0 mm	0.25~0.50 mm	<0.25 mm
0~10 cm	ND	38.53±9.40aA	10.54±0.61cA	5.97±0.67cA	10.47±1.29cAB	10.41±1.65cAB	24.09±6.40bC
	LD	19.81±4.37bB	3.92±0.20dB	4.18±0.45dB	15.46±4.81bcA	11.45±2.43cdA	45.18±6.10aB
	MD	8.82±4.45bcBC	10.08±2.20bcA	6.20±0.36cA	9.93±0.50bcB	12.23±1.81bA	52.74±4.69aAB
	SD	7.04±3.03cC	11.97±0.39bA	5.21±0.73cAB	6.79±1.31cB	6.70±1.42cB	62.29±1.17aA
10~20 cm	ND	65.18±4.29aA	6.61±0.08cB	2.82±0.24cC	4.70±0.68cB	4.98±0.61cB	15.72±2.80bB
	LD	45.00±1.97aB	11.90±0.57cA	5.85±0.16eA	8.71±0.54dA	7.84±0.71dA	20.69±0.01bB
	MD	41.70±4.82aB	9.82±1.25cA	3.46±0.31dB	4.50±1.39dB	3.73±0.47dC	18.73±0.47bB
	SD	39.61±3.13aB	9.63±2.45bA	2.96±0.31cBC	3.44±0.16cB	3.38±0.66cC	40.98±5.06aA
20~30 cm	ND	61.11±7.02aA	9.15±0.08cB	3.42±0.53cA	4.95±1.36cA	5.06±1.45cA	16.30±3.61bD
	LD	51.36±4.02aB	10.84±0.01cA	3.51±0.14dA	4.97±0.52dA	4.87±0.58dA	24.45±2.79bC
	MD	45.75±2.08aB	9.40±0.66cB	2.52±0.26dB	3.55±0.23dAB	3.94±0.20dAB	34.84±1.27bB
	SD	45.58±1.58aB	7.59±1.14cC	2.08±0.21dB	2.25±0.29dB	2.55±0.28dB	39.95±0.98bA

土层 Soil depth	处理 Treatment	粒级Aggregate size
土层 Soil depth	处理 Treatment	>5 mm	2~5 mm	1~2 mm	0.5~1.0 mm	0.25~0.50 mm	<0.25 mm
0~10 cm	ND	38.53±9.40aA	10.54±0.61cA	5.97±0.67cA	10.47±1.29cAB	10.41±1.65cAB	24.09±6.40bC
	LD	19.81±4.37bB	3.92±0.20dB	4.18±0.45dB	15.46±4.81bcA	11.45±2.43cdA	45.18±6.10aB
	MD	8.82±4.45bcBC	10.08±2.20bcA	6.20±0.36cA	9.93±0.50bcB	12.23±1.81bA	52.74±4.69aAB
	SD	7.04±3.03cC	11.97±0.39bA	5.21±0.73cAB	6.79±1.31cB	6.70±1.42cB	62.29±1.17aA
10~20 cm	ND	65.18±4.29aA	6.61±0.08cB	2.82±0.24cC	4.70±0.68cB	4.98±0.61cB	15.72±2.80bB
	LD	45.00±1.97aB	11.90±0.57cA	5.85±0.16eA	8.71±0.54dA	7.84±0.71dA	20.69±0.01bB
	MD	41.70±4.82aB	9.82±1.25cA	3.46±0.31dB	4.50±1.39dB	3.73±0.47dC	18.73±0.47bB
	SD	39.61±3.13aB	9.63±2.45bA	2.96±0.31cBC	3.44±0.16cB	3.38±0.66cC	40.98±5.06aA
20~30 cm	ND	61.11±7.02aA	9.15±0.08cB	3.42±0.53cA	4.95±1.36cA	5.06±1.45cA	16.30±3.61bD
	LD	51.36±4.02aB	10.84±0.01cA	3.51±0.14dA	4.97±0.52dA	4.87±0.58dA	24.45±2.79bC
	MD	45.75±2.08aB	9.40±0.66cB	2.52±0.26dB	3.55±0.23dAB	3.94±0.20dAB	34.84±1.27bB
	SD	45.58±1.58aB	7.59±1.14cC	2.08±0.21dB	2.25±0.29dB	2.55±0.28dB	39.95±0.98bA

因素 Variation source	自由度 Degree of freedom	土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon	全氮 Total nitrogen	全磷 Total phosphorus	C/N	C/P	N/P
粒级Aggregate size （A）	5	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
退化程度Degree of degradation （D）	3	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
土壤深度Soil depth （L）	2	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
粒级×退化程度A×D	15	<0.001	0.477	0.014	0.349	0.017	0.320
退化程度×土壤深度D×L	6	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
粒级×土壤深度A×L	10	<0.001	<0.001	0.230	0.149	<0.001	<0.001
粒级×土壤深度×退化程度A×L×D	30	<0.001	0.520	<0.001	0.258	0.027	0.029

不同退化程度高寒草甸土壤团聚体养分及生态化学计量特征研究

Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of soil aggregates in alpine meadows with differing degrees of degradation

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土层 Soil depth	处理 Treatment	粒级Aggregate size
土层 Soil depth	处理 Treatment	>5 mm	2~5 mm	1~2 mm	0.5~1.0 mm	0.25~0.50 mm	<0.25 mm
0~10 cm	ND	16.39±3.10aA	14.25±0.85aA	16.15±0.28aA	15.97±1.33aA	15.29±0.32aA	14.18±1.00aA
	LD	14.13±0.27abAB	13.44±0.75bcAB	12.96±0.39cdB	13.79±0.54bcBC	14.87±0.73aA	12.36±0.48dB
	MD	13.35±0.49bcAB	12.66±0.68cB	14.87±1.47abA	15.50±1.11aAB	15.53±0.91aA	13.24±1.21bcAB
	SD	12.76±0.72cB	11.13±0.20cC	11.63±0.37cB	12.42±0.28abC	12.91±0.41aB	11.87±0.10bcB
10~20 cm	ND	11.58±0.93aA	12.07±1.21aA	12.56±1.31aA	12.36±0.99aA	13.54±1.10aA	12.91±0.84aA
	LD	12.77±1.86aA	11.12±0.47aAB	11.47±1.57aA	11.52±0.27aA	12.42±0.18aAB	11.03±0.31aB
	MD	11.67±0.36aA	10.84±0.76aAB	11.27±0.11aA	11.38±0.31aA	11.31±1.15aB	11.05±0.93aB
	SD	10.90±0.50bcA	10.49±0.28cB	11.03±0.69abcA	11.58±0.50abA	11.85±0.23aB	11.09±0.15abcB
20~30 cm	ND	12.34±0.78aA	12.59±0.78aA	13.00±0.78aA	12.67±0.54aA	12.49±0.61aA	12.44±1.57aA
	LD	11.06±0.68aA	11.13±0.27aB	11.54±0.61aB	11.10±0.63aB	11.89±0.45aA	11.15±0.38aA
	MD	11.36±1.18abA	11.02±0.36bB	11.39±0.59abB	12.14±0.93abAB	13.78±2.76aA	11.81±0.88abA
	SD	11.00±0.50aA	11.09±0.93aB	11.37±0.48aB	12.12±0.26aAB	11.81±0.67aA	11.31±0.88aA

土层 Soil depth	处理 Treatment	粒级Aggregate size
土层 Soil depth	处理 Treatment	>5 mm	2~5 mm	1~2 mm	0.5~1.0 mm	0.25~0.50 mm	<0.25 mm
0~10 cm	ND	16.39±3.10aA	14.25±0.85aA	16.15±0.28aA	15.97±1.33aA	15.29±0.32aA	14.18±1.00aA
	LD	14.13±0.27abAB	13.44±0.75bcAB	12.96±0.39cdB	13.79±0.54bcBC	14.87±0.73aA	12.36±0.48dB
	MD	13.35±0.49bcAB	12.66±0.68cB	14.87±1.47abA	15.50±1.11aAB	15.53±0.91aA	13.24±1.21bcAB
	SD	12.76±0.72cB	11.13±0.20cC	11.63±0.37cB	12.42±0.28abC	12.91±0.41aB	11.87±0.10bcB
10~20 cm	ND	11.58±0.93aA	12.07±1.21aA	12.56±1.31aA	12.36±0.99aA	13.54±1.10aA	12.91±0.84aA
	LD	12.77±1.86aA	11.12±0.47aAB	11.47±1.57aA	11.52±0.27aA	12.42±0.18aAB	11.03±0.31aB
	MD	11.67±0.36aA	10.84±0.76aAB	11.27±0.11aA	11.38±0.31aA	11.31±1.15aB	11.05±0.93aB
	SD	10.90±0.50bcA	10.49±0.28cB	11.03±0.69abcA	11.58±0.50abA	11.85±0.23aB	11.09±0.15abcB
20~30 cm	ND	12.34±0.78aA	12.59±0.78aA	13.00±0.78aA	12.67±0.54aA	12.49±0.61aA	12.44±1.57aA
	LD	11.06±0.68aA	11.13±0.27aB	11.54±0.61aB	11.10±0.63aB	11.89±0.45aA	11.15±0.38aA
	MD	11.36±1.18abA	11.02±0.36bB	11.39±0.59abB	12.14±0.93abAB	13.78±2.76aA	11.81±0.88abA
	SD	11.00±0.50aA	11.09±0.93aB	11.37±0.48aB	12.12±0.26aAB	11.81±0.67aA	11.31±0.88aA

土层 Soil depth	处理 Treatment	粒级Aggregate size
土层 Soil depth	处理 Treatment	>5 mm	2~5 mm	1~2 mm	0.5~1.0 mm	0.25~0.50 mm	<0.25 mm
0~10 cm	ND	84.13±4.03aA	79.01±4.46aAB	84.26±8.01aB	86.69±10.21aBC	88.72±4.28aB	79.16±0.71aB
	LD	90.34±2.84bcA	87.43±6.57cA	88.03±7.54cB	98.45±4.16bB	110.09±3.77aA	94.67±4.20bcA
	MD	83.59±12.54cA	86.30±9.33cA	104.76±9.51abA	113.46±4.94aA	109.96±5.33aA	94.59±3.84bcA
	SD	69.26±1.28cdB	68.52±1.29dB	67.61±2.93dC	78.29±4.18abC	84.42±4.86aB	74.85±1.99bcB
10~20 cm	ND	59.66±2.76aC	55.77±5.74aB	60.44±7.48aB	64.01±6.08aBC	63.12±4.35aC	62.37±5.48aB
	LD	79.56±4.96aA	89.67±9.51aA	81.62±8.72aA	81.68±2.54aA	87.66±4.12aA	77.68±7.75aA
	MD	68.55±2.66aB	66.29±2.80aB	69.96±4.62aAB	69.64±2.27aB	74.13±4.77aB	69.32±6.77aAB
	SD	57.68±1.19cC	55.82±1.69cB	59.89±4.14bcB	62.53±1.81abC	64.55±2.39aC	62.84±1.96abB
20~30 cm	ND	55.46±3.87aBC	53.71±5.37aB	55.42±2.83aB	58.14±4.81aB	58.70±2.50aB	54.90±6.76aBC
	LD	67.20±1.63aA	67.98±0.78aA	66.28±2.99aA	70.11±5.17aA	73.56±3.44aA	67.21±3.74aA
	MD	58.73±4.32aB	52.87±2.45aB	58.44±2.43aB	59.18±5.25aB	69.66±7.27aA	59.90±5.57aAB
	SD	52.09±1.28abC	51.14±2.11abB	50.19±2.14abC	51.14±0.84abB	53.85±3.58aB	49.03±3.30bC

土层 Soil depth	处理 Treatment	粒级Aggregate size
土层 Soil depth	处理 Treatment	>5 mm	2~5 mm	1~2 mm	0.5~1.0 mm	0.25~0.50 mm	<0.25 mm
0~10 cm	ND	84.13±4.03aA	79.01±4.46aAB	84.26±8.01aB	86.69±10.21aBC	88.72±4.28aB	79.16±0.71aB
	LD	90.34±2.84bcA	87.43±6.57cA	88.03±7.54cB	98.45±4.16bB	110.09±3.77aA	94.67±4.20bcA
	MD	83.59±12.54cA	86.30±9.33cA	104.76±9.51abA	113.46±4.94aA	109.96±5.33aA	94.59±3.84bcA
	SD	69.26±1.28cdB	68.52±1.29dB	67.61±2.93dC	78.29±4.18abC	84.42±4.86aB	74.85±1.99bcB
10~20 cm	ND	59.66±2.76aC	55.77±5.74aB	60.44±7.48aB	64.01±6.08aBC	63.12±4.35aC	62.37±5.48aB
	LD	79.56±4.96aA	89.67±9.51aA	81.62±8.72aA	81.68±2.54aA	87.66±4.12aA	77.68±7.75aA
	MD	68.55±2.66aB	66.29±2.80aB	69.96±4.62aAB	69.64±2.27aB	74.13±4.77aB	69.32±6.77aAB
	SD	57.68±1.19cC	55.82±1.69cB	59.89±4.14bcB	62.53±1.81abC	64.55±2.39aC	62.84±1.96abB
20~30 cm	ND	55.46±3.87aBC	53.71±5.37aB	55.42±2.83aB	58.14±4.81aB	58.70±2.50aB	54.90±6.76aBC
	LD	67.20±1.63aA	67.98±0.78aA	66.28±2.99aA	70.11±5.17aA	73.56±3.44aA	67.21±3.74aA
	MD	58.73±4.32aB	52.87±2.45aB	58.44±2.43aB	59.18±5.25aB	69.66±7.27aA	59.90±5.57aAB
	SD	52.09±1.28abC	51.14±2.11abB	50.19±2.14abC	51.14±0.84abB	53.85±3.58aB	49.03±3.30bC