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草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (7): 157-171.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021251

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

种植密度与施氮对玉米/秣食豆间作系统饲草产量、品质和氮肥利用的影响

蒋紫薇(), 刘桂宇, 安昊云, 石薇, 常生华, 张程, 贾倩民(), 侯扶江   

  1. 兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州大学农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业教育部工程研究中心,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃 兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-25 修回日期:2021-08-03 出版日期:2022-07-20 发布日期:2022-06-01
  • 通讯作者: 贾倩民
  • 作者简介:E-mail: guqm@lzu.edu.cn
    蒋紫薇(1998-),女,侗族,贵州黔东南人,在读硕士。E-mail: jiangzw20@lzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31901389);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(lzujbky-2019-33);兰州大学“双一流”引导专项-队伍建设-科研启动费(561119204);2018年度甘肃省科技重大专项计划项目(18ZD2FA009)

Effects of planting density and nitrogen application on forage yield, quality and nitrogen use efficiency in a maize/forage soybean intercropping system

Zi-wei JIANG(), Gui-yu LIU, Hao-yun AN, Wei SHI, Sheng-hua CHANG, Cheng ZHANG, Qian-min JIA(), Fu-jiang HOU   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry,Ministry of Education,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China
  • Received:2021-06-25 Revised:2021-08-03 Online:2022-07-20 Published:2022-06-01
  • Contact: Qian-min JIA

摘要:

2019和2020年在河西灌区进行玉米/秣食豆间作田间试验,设置7.5(D1)、9.0(D2)、10.5万株·hm-2(D3)3个青贮玉米种植密度,每个种植密度下设置0(N1)、120(N2)、240(N3)、360 kg·hm-2(N4)4个施氮水平,探究种植密度与施氮对饲草产量、品质和氮肥利用的影响。结果表明,两年D2和D3处理的青贮玉米、秣食豆及总体的干草产量、粗蛋白产量显著高于D1,N3和N4处理的青贮玉米及总体的干草产量、粗蛋白产量显著高于N2和N1。所有处理中,D2N3获得了最高的总干草产量,2019和2020年分别为36.16和30.31 t·hm-2。两年随着密度的增加,青贮玉米、秣食豆及总体的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量呈下降趋势,而粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量呈增加趋势。随着施氮量的增加,总体粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量增加,而粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量呈下降趋势。两年D2处理下总体氮含量、氮吸收量和氮肥利用效率显著高于D3,且D2获得较高的氮肥农学效率。N2、N3、N4处理的总体氮含量和氮吸收量显著高于N1,N3处理的氮肥农学效率和氮肥利用效率显著高于N4。所有处理中D2N3获得最高的氮肥利用效率,2019和2020年分别为1.41和0.86 kg·kg-1。因此,该处理是一种河西灌区青贮玉米/秣食豆间作系统适宜的田间管理措施,具有一定推广价值。

关键词: 种植密度, 施氮, 青贮玉米, 秣食豆, 氮肥利用效率

Abstract:

A field experiment involving maize (Zea mays)/forage soybean (Glycine max) intercropping was conducted in the Hexi irrigation district in 2019 and 2020. Three planting densities of 7.5×104 (D1), 9.0×104 (D2) and 10.5×104 plant·ha-1 (D3), and four nitrogen treatments of 0 (N1), 120 (N2), 240 (N3) and 360 kg·ha-1 (N4) were set up to explore the effect of planting density and nitrogen application on forage yield, quality and nitrogen utilization. It was found that the hay yield and yield of crude protein of silage maize and forage soybean under the D2 and D3 treatments were significantly higher than those under the D1 treatment, and the hay yield and yield of crude protein of silage maize, and the total hay yield under N3 and N4 treatments were significantly higher than those under N2 and N1 treatments. Among all treatments, D2N3 had the highest hay yield of 36.16 and 30.31 t·ha-1 in 2019 and 2020, respectively. With increase in planting density, the contents of crude protein and crude fat of silage maize and forage soybean, and the total crude protein content and crude fat content showed a downward trend, while the contents of crude ash, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber increased. The total crude protein content and crude fat content increased while the contents of crude ash, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The total nitrogen content, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency of the D2 treatment were significantly higher than those of D3, and the D2 treatment had the highest agronomic efficiency of nitrogen use. The total nitrogen content and nitrogen uptake of N2, N3 and N4 treatments were significantly higher than that of N1, and the agronomic efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency of N3 treatment were significantly higher than that of N4. Among all treatments, D2N3 had the highest nitrogen use efficiency, which was 1.41 and 0.86 kg·kg-1 in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Therefore, based on these results the D2N3 treatment is a recommended field management regime for silage maize/forage soybean intercropping systems in the Hexi irrigation area, and we advocate its promotion and adoption.

Key words: planting density, nitrogen application, silage corn, forage soybean, nitrogen use efficiency