欢迎访问《草业学报》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 75-88.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022020

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

多元胡麻轮作模式对土壤团聚体特征及氮素含量的影响

张勇1(), 王海娣1, 高玉红1(), 吴兵2, 剡斌1, 王一帆1, 崔政军1, 文泽东1   

  1. 1.甘肃省干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
    2.甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-11 修回日期:2022-03-17 出版日期:2023-01-20 发布日期:2022-11-07
  • 通讯作者: 高玉红
  • 作者简介:E-mail: gaoyh@gsau.edu.cn
    张勇(1996-),男,甘肃天水人,在读硕士。E-mail: 1970257641@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省教育科技创新产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-38);中央引导地方科技发展专项基金(ZCYD-2021-12);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-14-1-16);甘肃农业大学干旱生境作物学重点实验室主任基金课题(GSCS-2020-Z6);甘肃农业大学伏羲杰出人才项目(Gaufx-02J05);甘肃省教育科技创新项目(2021CXZX-366)

Effect of multivariate flax rotation mode on soil aggregation characteristics and nitrogen content

Yong ZHANG1(), Hai-di WANG1, Yu-hong GAO1(), Bing WU2, Bin YAN1, Yi-fan WANG1, Zheng-jun CUI1, Ze-dong WEN1   

  1. 1.Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop,College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
    2.College of Life Sciences and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
  • Received:2022-01-11 Revised:2022-03-17 Online:2023-01-20 Published:2022-11-07
  • Contact: Yu-hong GAO

摘要:

为探索西北旱区利于维护农田土壤良好的理化性质的种植制度,采用大田试验,以休闲处理为对照,研究了100% Flax、50% Flax(Ⅰ)、50% Flax(Ⅱ)和25% Flax 4个胡麻种植频率,100% Flax(Cont F),50% Flax(Ⅰ):WFPF、FPFW、PFWF、FWFP,50% Flax(Ⅱ):FWPF、WPFF、PFFW、FFWP,25% Flax:WPWF、PWFW、WFWP、FWPW,其中F为胡麻,P为马铃薯,W为小麦,共13个种植模式下农田土壤团聚体稳定性及其氮素含量的分布状况。结果表明:土壤团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)与分形维数(D)、团聚体破坏率(PAD)之间呈极显著负相关关系,与0.5~1.0 mm粒径中NH4+-N含量和>2 mm粒径中NO3--N含量呈显著正相关关系,团聚体稳定性的增大显著提高了土壤中硝铵态氮含量。50% Flax(Ⅰ)胡麻种植频率以及马铃薯茬口显著增加了>0.25 mm粒径大团聚体含量、MWD和GMD,显著降低了土壤的D、PAD和土壤可蚀性(K);不同轮作模式下FWFP处理显著提高0.25~2.00 mm粒径水稳性大团聚体含量,显著增加土壤团聚体MWD和GMD和抗侵蚀能力,降低分形维数和团聚体破坏率,使其土壤团聚体结构越稳定。由此表明,FWFP轮作模式可显著提高土壤水稳性大团聚体含量,促进土壤大团聚体的形成,增加土壤团聚体稳定性,对我国北方胡麻轮作可持续发展具有重要指导意义。

关键词: 胡麻, 土壤团聚体, 团聚体稳定性, 氮素分布

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to devise a planting system conducive to maintaining good physical and chemical properties of farmland soil in the arid area of Northwest China. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different planting patterns of flax (Linum usitatissimum) alone or with other crops, wheat (W, Triticum aestivum) and potato (P, Solanum tuberosum), on soil properties. The experimental treatments consisted of 100% flax, 50% flax (Ⅰ), 50% flax (Ⅱ) and 25% flax, with a fallow treatment as the control. Under the four flax planting frequencies, 100% flax (Cont F) consisted of flax only, 50% flax (Ⅰ) consisted of flax alongside W and P, planted with the following pattern: WFPF, FPFW, PFWF, FWFP; 50% flax (Ⅱ) consisted of flax alongside W and P planted with the following pattern: FWPF, WPFF, PFFW, FFWP; and 25% flax consisted of flax alongside W and P planted with the following pattern: WPWF, PWFW, WFWP, FWPW. The stability of farmland soil aggregates and the distribution of nitrogen under these 13 crop rotation systems were determined. We detected very significant negative correlations between soil aggregate mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD), fractal dimension (D), and percentage of aggregate destruction (PAD). There were significant positive correlations between MWD and NH4+-N content in the 0.5-1.0 mm particle size fraction and NO3--N content in the >2 mm particle size fraction. The nitrate ammonium nitrogen content increased with increasing soil aggregate stability. The planting frequency of 50% flax (Ⅰ) and potato stubble significantly increased the amount of soil aggregates in the >0.25 mm size class and macroaggregate MWD and GMD, and significantly reduced soil D, PAD, and soil erodibility. The FWFP treatment increased the amount of soil aggregates in the 0.25-2.00 mm size class, significantly increased soil aggregate MWD and GMD and erosion resistance, reduced soil D and PAD, and made the soil aggregate structure more stable. These results show that the FWFP rotation can significantly improve soil water content and soil stability and increase the contents of soil aggregates and their stability. This information is important for the sustainable development of flax cultivation in Northern China.

Key words: flax, soil aggregate, aggregate stability, nitrogen distribution